1、T 1016 om-10 OFFICIAL TEST METHOD 1992 WITHDRAWN 2000 REVISED AND REINSTATED 2006 REAFFIRMED 2010 2010 TAPPI The information and data contained in this document were prepared by a technical committee of the Association. The committee and the Association assume no liability or responsibility in conne
2、ction with the use of such information or data, including but not limited to any liability under patent, copyright, or trade secret laws. The user is responsible for determining that this document is the most recent edition published. Approved by the Standard Specific Interest Group for this Test Me
3、thod TAPPI CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these is to alert the user of the method to safety issues related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety prec
4、autions are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method. This method may require the use, disposal, or both, of chemicals which may present serious health hazards to humans. Procedures for t
5、he handling of such substances are set forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemicals and maintained by all distributors of potentially hazardous chemicals. Prior to the use of this method, the user must determine wh
6、ether any of the chemicals to be used or disposed of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as well as local, state, and federal authorities for safe use and disposal of these chemicals. Average fiber diameter of fiber glass mats
7、 1. Scope This method covers the determination of the average fiber diameter (or distribution of diameters) of fibers used in nonwoven fiber glass mats. 2. Summary Samples of glass fiber extracted from the mat are cut into short lengths. The fibers are then mounted onto a glass slide and placed on a
8、 gridded microscope stage. Fiber diameters are recorded for each sample and the average fiber diameter is recorded as the average of these readings. 3. Significance The fiber diameter of the fiber glass used in the nonwoven fiber glass mat has a bearing on the properties of the finished mat product.
9、 This method permits the determination of that diameter, or distribution of diameters if more than one fiber size or type is present. 4. Definitions 4.1 Fiber diameter: the distance in microns across the circular cross section of the glass fiber. 4.2 Nonwoven fiber glass mat: randomly distributed gl
10、ass fiber, bonded together with a polymeric binder system. 4.3 Binder: the polymeric agent used to bond the glass fibers to one another in the mat. 4.4 Sigma: sum of components in a set. 5. Apparatus 5.1 Microscope, capable of 1000 magnification with an objective lens of 40X, an eyepiece lens, viewi
11、ng screen, and a millimeter grid. 5.2 Furnace, muffle furnace capable of maintaining a temperature of 1157 45F (625 25C). T 1016 om-10 Average fiber diameter of fiber glass mats / 2 5.3 Miscellaneous: scissors, crucible, microscope slide, cover glass, certified refractive index liquid 1.610, dissect
12、ing needle. 6. Sample preparation 6.1 Place dry mat in the crucible and then place the crucible in the muffle furnace at a temperature of not more than 1157 45F (625 25C), for 15 0.5 min, or until all the carbonaceous material has disappeared. Remove from furnace and allow to cool. 6.2 Hold several
13、strands in a bundle and using scissors, cut 1/16 in. to 1/8 in. (1.59 mm to 3.18 mm) samples onto a clean microscope slide. Add five drops of certified refractive index liquid (1.610) to the slide and, using the dissecting needle, mix until all fibers are thoroughly wetted. Fibers should be arranged
14、 until they are approximately parallel to each other (a low power microscope facilitates). Place one edge of a cover glass in contact with the slide and allow it to settle slowly on the sample to facilitate removal of air bubbles. 7. Procedures 7.1 Place the prepared slide on the micrometer stage. E
15、xamine the fibers at 1000X magnification. 7.2 Locate a specific fiber and focus so as to obtain a thin black line on both sides of the fiber. Align the grid with the fiber. Set the grid line on the outside edge of the black fiber edge line and take a reading at the outside edge of the other black fi
16、ber edge lines. Record reading. Repeat this step for all fibers visible at a single location on the slide. 7.3 When all fibers have been measured and recorded, move the micrometer stage to bring a new area of the slide into view. Repeat above measurements until at least 100 individual fibers have be
17、en measured and recorded. 7.4 Repeat the process for each separately identifiable fiber type if more than one type of fiber is present. 8. Calculation and report Report the average diameter as: Average fiber diameter in microns = Y/X where X = micron reading for diameter Y = number of occurrences fo
18、r each reading If more than one fiber type is present, report the results for each identifiable type. If a wide distribution of diameters is present, report the distribution and range of diameters in lieu of the average diameter. 9. Precision 9.1 On the basis of studies made in accordance with TAPPI
19、 T 1200 “Interlaboratory Evaluation of Test Methods to Determine TAPPI Repeatability and Reproducibility” test results, each representing an average of 50 determinations from the same sample (commercial 2.00 lb/100 ft2fiberglass mat), are expected to agree within the amounts stated below. The study
20、included three laboratories. 9.2 Average fiber diameter 15.7 microns Repeatability 6 % - 0.9 microns Reproducibility 6 % - 1.0 microns 10. Keywords Fiber diameter, Fiber glass mats 3 / Average fiber diameter of fiber glass mats T 1016 om-10 11. Additional information Effective date of issue: October 6, 2010. Your comments and suggestions on this procedure are earnestly requested and should be sent to the TAPPI Standards Department. g
