ANSI T 455 SP-2009 Identification of wire side of paper.pdf
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1、TAPPI/ANSI T 455 sp-14 SUGGESTED METHOD 1942 TENTATIVE STANDARD 1953 OFFICIAL STANDARD 1963 REAFFIRMED 1975 OFFICIAL TEST METHOD 1983 REVISED 1988 REVISED 1993 STANDARD PRACTICE 2000 REVISED 2004 REVISED 2009 REAFFIRMED 2014 2014 TAPPI The information and data contained in this document were prepare
2、d by a technical committee of the Association. The committee and the Association assume no liability or responsibility in connection with the use of such information or data, including but not limited to any liability under patent, copyright, or trade secret laws. The user is responsible for determi
3、ning that this document is the most recent edition published. Approved by the Standard Specific Interest Group for this Standard Practice TAPPI CAUTION: This Test Method may include safety precautions which are believed to be appropriate at the time of publication of the method. The intent of these
4、is to alert the user of the method to safety issues related to such use. The user is responsible for determining that the safety precautions are complete and are appropriate to their use of the method, and for ensuring that suitable safety practices have not changed since publication of the method.
5、This method may require the use, disposal, or both, of chemicals which may present serious health hazards to humans. Procedures for the handling of such substances are set forth on Material Safety Data Sheets which must be developed by all manufacturers and importers of potentially hazardous chemica
6、ls and maintained by all distributors of potentially hazardous chemicals. Prior to the use of this method, the user must determine whether any of the chemicals to be used or disposed of are potentially hazardous and, if so, must follow strictly the procedures specified by both the manufacturer, as w
7、ell as local, state, and federal authorities for safe use and disposal of these chemicals. Identification of wire side of paper 1. Scope 1.1 This method describes procedures for identifying the wire side of paper made on a fourdrinier paper machine with a single wire or forming fabric. The term “wir
8、e side” will be used throughout this method and relates to the side of the sheet made in contact to either the machine wire or forming fabric. 1.2 It is not always possible to identify the difference between sides, particularly with coated and other surface-treated papers, corrugating medium, papers
9、 made with certain multiply forming fabrics, certain high-grade papers made from well-beaten rag stock, and specialties made with some variation from usual papermaking practices. Nevertheless, if any one of the following procedures gives a clear result, identification is established. 1.3 These proce
10、dures are not applicable to paper made on cylinder, twin-wire, or other special machines. 2. Summary The method consists of a series of six procedures found suitable for identifying the wire side of paper, as follows: direct observation, carbon smudge, wetting, wetting and charring, tearing, and mar
11、king with a soft metal. 3. Significance The wire and felt sides of a sheet of paper generally differ in some physical and optical characteristics (1), so it is desirable to have some means of distinguishing between them. 2 / Identification of wire side of paper T 455 sp-14 4. Definitions Wire side:
12、The side of the paper that was in contact with the wire or forming fabric of the paper machine; the other side is termed the felt side. 5. Procedures 5.1 Direct observation 5.1.1 Fold a specimen sheet of paper to view both sides at the same time (1). Observe the relative surface appearance or struct
13、ure of the two sides by holding the specimen in a horizontal position with the light striking at a very low angle, less than 10, and the line of vision normal to the light path. Varying the angles of illumination and viewing and rotating the sheet in a horizontal plane may more clearly bring out the
14、 wire marks. Look for rectangular or diamond-shaped or other impressions with a regular pattern that have been made by the forming fabric, which identify the wire side. 5.1.2 A low-power binocular microscope is helpful. Do not confuse the larger and irregular pattern of felt marks with the regular a
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