1、 TIASTANDARDFOTP-95Absolute Optical Power Test forOptical Fibers and CablesTIA-455-95-A(Revision of TIA/EIA-455-95)March 2000TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-95-A-2000Approved: Marc
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7、 before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-3578-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.2 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Ple
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21、IANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-AiFOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and CablesContentsForeword. iii1 Introduction12 Normative references 23 Apparatus 24 Sampling and specimens 35 Procedure36 Calculations or interpr
22、etation of results. 47 Documentation 48 Specification information. 5Annex A (informative) 6Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-AiiThis page left blank.Cop
23、yright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-AiiiFOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and CablesForeword(This Foreword is informative only and is n
24、ot part of this Standard. )From TIA Project No. 3578, formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO 6.7,Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Cables.This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard TIA/EIA-455.There is one annex.Key words: optical power, power meter.Copyright
25、 Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-AivThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleN
26、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-A1FOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and Cables1 Introduction1.1 IntentThis procedure describes a method for determining the total optical poweremanating from an optical fiber.1.2 ScopeThis procedure
27、may be used for, but is not limited to, measuring the attenuation ofthe fiber or cable, the loss of terminating devices or methods, the amount of opticalpower coupled into the fiber by a source, or the optical power at the systemreceiver.1.3 Bias and precisionThe bias of this method is a function of
28、 the dark noise of the optical power meter.Measurement bias can be optimized by selecting optical power meters with minimaldark noise.The measurement uncertainty of this method is a function of the measurementuncertainty of the optical power meter calibration. Power meters are typicallycalibrated to
29、 a 5 percent (0.22 dB) uncertainty.1.3.1 Single wavelength optical signals. For single wavelength optical signals,the uncertainty of the measurement depends on the measurement uncertainty ofthe optical power meter calibration, the relationship between the wavelength ofcalibration and the wavelength
30、of the measured light, and the type of detector usedin the optical power meter. Near 1300 nm, measurement error may increase byapproximately 0.2 percent (.01 dB) per nanometer of difference between thecalibration wavelength and wavelength of the measured light.1.3.2 Broad spectrum optical signals. F
31、or broad spectrum optical signals, theuncertainty of the measurement depends on the measurement uncertainty of thepower meter calibration, the relationship between the wavelength of calibration andthe central wavelength of the measured light, the spectral width of the opticalsignal, and the type of
32、detector used in the optical power meter. For power meterswith a 5 percent calibration uncertainty and a difference between the wavelength ofcalibration and the central wavelength of the measured light less than 20 nm,typical measurements of broad spectrum optical signals near 1300 have anuncertaint
33、y less than 9 percent (0.4 dB).Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-A22 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limite
34、d to, the followingreferences:FOTP-57 (TIA/EIA-455-57B) Optical fiber end preparation and examination.FOTP-77 (TIA/EAI-455-77) Procedures to qualify a higher-order mode filterfor measurements on single mode fiber3 Apparatus3.1 Calibrated optical power meter or equivalent instrumentation3.1.1 Use an
35、optical power meter capable of measuring optical power over anadequate dynamic range and at the wavelength(s) of light used in the system beingtested. The linearity of the meter over its dynamic range and stability overvariations in environmental conditions shall be appropriate for the measurementun
36、certainty required. The optical power meter design shall minimize the effects ofambient light on the measurement.3.1.2 Calibrate the optical power meter at the proper wavelengths in a manner thatis traceable to NIST Standards. The calibration wavelength shall be within 20 nmof the central wavelength
37、 of the optical signal being measured.3.1.3 The optical power meter may use a planar detector or integrating sphere. If aplanar detector is used, it shall be larger in active area than the total spot projectedfrom the fiber, and the spatial uniformity shall be appropriate for the uncertainty ofthe m
38、easurement required. Care shall be taken not to exceed the power densitylimit of the detector or nonlinear measurements will result.3.2 PositionersProvide mounting hardware to position the optical fiber, with or without connectors,so that it is centered in front of and perpendicular to the radiation
39、 detector beingused. The fiber mounting hardware shall position the specimen firmly in front of thedetector being used but should not stress the fiber (to avoid introducing bendinglosses). The mounting hardware shall minimize variations in the measurement withrotational alignment as well as with mul
40、tiple insertions and shall minimize fiberconnector movement.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-A33.3 High order mode filterFor single mode measurements,
41、when higher order modes may be present in thefiber locate a higher order mode filter before the optical power meter. Often asingle 30 mm diameter loop will suffice. See FOTP-77.3.3 ToolsUse appropriate tools to prepare the end of the fiber being tested. See FOTP-57for guidance.4 Sampling and specime
42、ns4.1 The test sample shall consist of an optical fiber illuminated by an appropriatesource of known central wavelength and spectral width as specified by thereferencing document.4.2 Sample preparation shall include proper fiber end preparation, including propercleaving in the case of a bare fiber c
43、onnection or proper installation of a fiber opticconnector. See FOTP-57 for guidance on fiber preparation and inspectionprocedures.Note: The test equipment and mounting hardware will determine the actualacceptability criteria for the fiber end.5 Procedure5.1 Firmly position the test specimen to ensu
44、re proper alignment with the detectorof the optical power meter, taking care to prevent any microbending losses that mayaffect measurement accuracy.5.2 Allow the power meter to stabilize and record the value (some meters havebuilt-in memory for this purpose).5.3 (Optional) In some cases it may be de
45、sirable to correct the power meterreading for ambient light or electronic noise. Remove the test specimen from thepower meter and cap the power meter input with an opaque cover. Allow the powermeter to stabilize and record the zero-light value.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provid
46、ed by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-95-A46 Calculations or interpretation of results6.1 (Optional) The corrected power can be determined as follows (all values areexpressed in milliwatts):Pc= Pu- Pzwhere: Puis the
47、 uncorrected power meter reading andPz is the zero-light power meter reading.Note: Correction of power meter readings can only be accomplished usinglinear power values (i.e. milliwatts). Always convert power meterreading to linear power values before correction.6.2 Optical power can be expressed in
48、either milliwatts (mW) or in decibelsreferenced to a standard value such as 1 mW (dBm). The relationshipbetween milliwatts and dBm is given by:PdBm= 10 log10(Pl)where : Plis the output power in milliwattsPdBmis the output power in dBm7 Documentation7.1 Report the following information for each test:7.1.1 Test Date7.1.2 Source central wavelength.7.1.3 Specimen identification.7.1.4 Measured optical power (mW or dBm)7.2 United States military applications require that the following information also bereported for each test. For other (nonmil
