1、ANSI/TIA/EIA-136-240-2001 Approved: April 23, 2001 TIA/EIA STANDARD TDMA Third Generation Wireless - Adaptive Multi-Rate Speech Codec Minimum Performance Requirements TIA/EIA- 136-240 APRIL 2001 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Tlie Telecoininiiiiicatioiis Industry Association represents tlie
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8、ulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposals Nos. 4027-240 and 4027-240+1, formulated under the cognizance of the
9、 TIA TR- 45.3 Subcommittee on Time Division Digital Technology.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2001 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlingon, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of EIA ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE STANDARDS and ENGINEERI
10、NG PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. TINEIA-I 36-240 FOREWORD 1 1 . INTRODUCTION . 2 1.1 SCOPE 3 1.2 DEFINITIONS 5 1.3 MODEL FOR SUBJECTIVE TEST OF THE SPEECH CODEC 7 Exhibit 1.3-1 Tes
11、t Model . 8 CODEC MINIMUM STANDARDS 9 STRICT OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 9 SUBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS . 11 2 . 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 Definition 11 2.2.2 Description of Procedure 11 2.2.2.1 Test Conditions 11 2.2.2.2 Source Speech Material 13 2.2.2.3 Processing of Speech Material . 14 2.2.2.4
12、 Randomization . 14 2.2.2.5 Presentation 14 2.2.2.6 Listeners . 15 2.2.2.7 Listening Test Procedure 15 Exhibit 2.2-1 Instructions for Subjects 16 2.2.2.8 Analysis ofResults . 16 2.2.2.8.1 Computational procedure 17 Exhibit 2.2-2 Analysis of Variance Table 19 2.2.3 Minimum Standard . 20 Exhibit 2.2-3
13、 Flow chart of codec testing process . 22 2.2.4 Expected Results for Reference Conditions 22 Exhibit 2.2-4 MOS versus MNRU Q . 23 STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS . 24 3 . 3.1 STANDARD EQUIPMENT . 24 3.1.1 Basic Equiyment . 24 Subjective testing equipment configuration . 26 3.1.2 Subjective Test 3.1.2.1 Aud
14、io path 3.1.2.2 Calibration Exhibit 3.1-1 3.2 STANDARD ENVIRONMENTAL TEST CONDITIONS 3.3 STANDARD SOFTWARE TEST TOOLS 28 Analysis of Subjective Performance Test Results 28 Analysis of Variance . 28 Exhibit 3.3-1 Analysis of Variance 28 Randomization routine for subjective test . 30 3.3.2.1 Algorithm
15、 . 30 3.3.2.2 Usage 31 Code for rand0m.c . 32 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 3.3.2 Exhibit 3.3-2 3.4 STANDARD SPEECH FILES 3.4.1 Source Material 3.4.2 File naming conventions . 35 Exhibit 3.4-1 Character assignments added to filenames of processed files 36 Exhibit 3.4-2 Source speech assignment to test condition for
16、 every talker: Experiment 1 . 38 Exhibit 3.4-2 Continued: Source speech assignment to test condition: Experiment 2 . 39 Exhibit 3.4-2 Continued: Source speech assignment to test condition: Experiment 3 . 40 Exhibit 3.4-2 Continued: Source speech assignment to test condition: Experiment 4 . 41 Exhibi
17、t 3.4-3 Practice Trials 42 3.4.3 Assignment of sourcejles to test conditions 37 I TINEIA-I 36-240 3.4.4 Culibrutionjl 3.4.5 Software tools COMFORT NOISE GENERATION (CNG) MINIMUM STANDARDS . 44 4 . 4.1 DELAY REQUIREMENTS . 44 4.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS . 44 4.2.1 Test Cases . 44 Test cases and cond
18、itions 45 4.2.1.1 Source Material 45 Noise Data Files . 46 4.2.1.2 Truth Mark Files . 46 Truth Mark Files . 46 4.2.1.3 Encoder Serial Output Files 46 Encoder Serial Output Frame Type 47 4.2.1.4 Reference Bit-Exact Comfort Noise Files . 47 4.2.2 Test Procedur 48 4.2.2.1 Test Co 48 4.2.2.2 Referen . 4
19、8 4.2.2.2.1 Log Spectral Distortion GSD) 49 4.2.2.2.2 Log Energy Deviation (LED) 49 4.2.2.2.3 Calling Sequence . 50 Statistical Analysis and Compliance Determination . 50 4.2.2.3.1 Calling Sequence . 50 Examples of CNG-Eva1 statistical analysis output 51 CONTENTS OF SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION 53 Software
20、 distribution for TDMA Adaptive Mutli-Rate Speech Codec Evaluation . 54 Software Distribution for Comfort Noise Minimum Performance Evaluation . 58 AMR ENCODER OUTPUT FORMAT 60 Exhibit 6-1 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 12.2 kb/s mode . 61 Exhibit 6-2 Detailed bit allocation of
21、 AMR encoder output frame, 10.2 kb/s mode 62 Exhibit 6-3 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 7.95 kb/s mode 63 Exhibit 6-4 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 7.40 kb/s mode 64 Exhibit 6-5 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 6.70 kb/s mode 65 Exhibi
22、t 6-6 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 5.90 kb/s mode 66 Exhibit 6-7 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 5.15 kb/s mode 67 Exhibit 6-8 Detailed bit allocation of AMR encoder output frame, 4.75 kb/s mode 68 Exhibit 6-9 Detailed bit allocation of comfort noise para
23、meters 68 Exhibit 6-10 AMR encoder simulation output format . 69 CHANGE HISTORY 70 Exhibit 4.2.1-1 Exhibit 4.2.1.1 -1 Exhibit 4.2.1.2-1 Exhibit 4.2.1.3-1 4.2.2.3 Exhibit 4.2.2.3.1-1 5 . Exhibit 5-1 Exhibit 5-2 6 . 7 . 8 . REFERENCES 71 II TINEIA-I 36-240 Foreword This document references publication
24、s developed by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). These referenced publications are freely available at http:/www.etsi.org. 1 TINEIA-I 36-240 1. Introduction 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 This standard
25、details definitions, methods of measurement, and minimum performance characteristics of implementations of the TDMA Adaptive Multi-Rate Speech Codec. This standard applies only to Base Stations employing non-bit-exact implementations of TIMEIA-136-440 compatible codec, which is defiied by ETSI as GS
26、M 06.90 Ref. 11, 141. It does not apply to Mobile Stations (MSs), because only bit-exact implementations of the multi-rate codec are permitted at the mobile end. For purposes of this standard, shall and shall not identiSl requirements to establish conformity to the standard, and from which no deviat
27、ion is permitted. Should and should not indicate that one of several possibilities is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; that a certain course of action is preferred, but not necessarily required; or (in the negative form) that a certain possibility or cour
28、se of action is discouraged, but not prohibited. May and may not indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of this standard. Can and cannot are used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal. This standard is comprised of two parts. The first
29、 part, as detailed in $2 and $3, covers speech encoding and decoding operations in Continuous Transmission (CTX) or Discontinuous Transmission High (DTX-high) modes of operation. The second part as detailed in $4 covers performance of the Comfort Noise Generation (CNG) feature defiied as part of the
30、 Multi-Rate Speech decoder during Discontinuous Transmission Low (DTX-low) mode of operation. The fiist part of this standard ($2 and $3), which covers normal speech encoding and decoding operations, is largely derived from TIMEIA- 136-210A. TIMEIA-136-210A specifies the procedures to be employed to
31、 test implementations of TIMEIA-136-280 compatible speech codecs and to ver that they meet recommended minimum performance standards Ref. 19,201. This standard consists of this document and a software distribution containing source speech material, calibration source material and software data analy
32、sis tools. The software distribution also contains CNG reference comfort noise data files, truth mark files, encoder serial output data files, and a set of C source files for a software tool to produce and to evaluate the performance metrics. A detailed description of contents and formats of the sof
33、tware distribution is given in $5 of this document. The software distribution shall accompany this standard, for example, on the same CD-ROM, from the same internet site. Compatibility, as used in connection with this standard and GSM 06.90 Ref 141, is understood to mean that any MS supporting the T
34、DMA AMR speech codec is able to place and receive calls in any cellular 2 TINEIA-I 36-240 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1.1 Scope 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 system supporting the speech codec. Conversely, all cellular systems supporting t
35、he TDMA AMR speech codec are able to place and receive calls with any MS supporting the speech codec. To assure compatibility, it is essential that speech processing parameters be specified. The TDMA Adaptive Multi-Rate speech codec is intended to be used in both MSs and at compatible Base Stations
36、in the Cellular Service. This standard is meant to defie the recommended minimum performance requirements of GSM 06.90-compatible, non-bit-exact implementations of the TDMA Adaptive Multi-Rate speech codec at the Base Station end. It does not apply to bit-exact implementations of the multi-rate code
37、c. Since bit-exact implementation is mandatory at the MS end, this standard does not apply to MSs. By Base Station end, we also include implementations in which codecs are placed at a Mobile Switching Center or elsewhere at the infrastructure end of the cellular system. Although the basic purpose of
38、 cellular telecommunications has been voice communication, evolving usage (for example, data) may allow the omission of some of the features specified herein provided that system compatibility is not compromised. This document specifies the procedures to ensure that non-bit-exact implementations of
39、TIMEIA-136-440 or GSM 06.90-compatible speech codecs operating in CTX or DTX-high and CNG Ref. 11, 161 operating in DTX-low meet the recommended minimum performance specifications under channel error free conditions. The speech codec is used to digitally encode the speech signal for transmission at
40、one of eight data rates: 12200, 10200, 7950, 7400, 6700, 5900, 5150, or 4750 bits persecond. The GSM 06.73 standard describes a bit-exact specification of the speech codec using a fixed point ANSI C code Ref 151. A number of test sequences are provided with standard GSM 06.74 Ref 171 for maximum cov
41、erage of the fixed point ANSI C code. There are separate test sequences for testing the encoder and for testing the decoder portions of the standard speech codec Ref 11, 141. A bit-exact implementation of this standard on a fixed point device would have to pass all of the test sequences for the enco
42、der and for the decoder to comply with the standard Ref 1 1, 141. At the Base Station end, non-bit-exact implementations of the standard AMR speech codec are permitted. For such implementations, it may not be possible to generate test sequences that can guarantee compatibility with the standard by u
43、sing them as input to the speech encoder or decoder and by examining their output for exact replication of the corresponding reference sequence. This document describes a series of tests which are used to test conformance to the specification. These tests do not necessarily ensure that the codec ope
44、rates satisfactorily under all possible input signals and it is still required that 3 TINEIA-I 36-240 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 the manufacturer ensure that the implementation operates in a consistent manner. The purpose of these tests is to
45、 examine minimum performance levels. The manufacturer should attempt to provide the highest performance possible. The testing of any non-bit-exact implementation of the codec operating in CTX or DTX-high is based upon two classes of procedures: Objective tests, which are based upon bench measurement
46、s of the speech codec function. Subjective tests, which are based upon listening tests to judge overall speech quality. Minimum performance specification for CNG is based on objective tests only. These tests are defined by the test database, a method for generating individual test data files, the te
47、st requirements on candidate CNGs, a method to collect performance metrics, and the means to test those metrics so as to validate conformance to the specification. The main purpose of the testing is to ensure adequate performance between any Base Station s encoder and any Mobile Station s decoder an
48、d vice-versa. Since the MS is restricted to have bit-exact implementations of the AMR standard only, it suffices to demonstrate that minimum performance standards have been met when inter- operating with any bit-exact implementation. For this purpose, the fixed point ANSI C code provided as a part o
49、f the GSM 06.73 standard Ref 151 can be treated as the reference or master codec. The restriction that MSs can only have bit-exact implementations of the AMR standard Ref 11, 141 is the primary reason that allows the present standard to ensure minimum performance standards between any pairing of base stations and MSs; otherwise, this could only be guaranteed by testing all combinations of encodeddecoder pairings that would be found in either base stations and mobile stations. With the number of equipment manufacturers expected to supply equipment this could become a prohibitive
