1、ANSI/TIA/EIA-136-940-2000 Approved: March 31, 2000 TIAIEIA STANDARD TDMA Third Generation Wireless Capacity and Performance Characteristics of U W C-136 TIA/EXA-l36-940 MARCH 2000 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic
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7、on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license. Details may be obtained from the publisher. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibil
8、ity of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 4027-940 formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-45.3 Time Division Digital Technology Subcommittee).
9、Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2000 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) EIA ELECTRONIC INDUSTRI
10、ES ALLIANCE STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. TINEIA-1 36-940 Contents 1 . System Level Simulations for 136 HS Outdoor 1 1.1 Static Capacity Simulation . 1 1.1.1 Load Effects 3 i . 1.2 Coverage Simulations 5 Dynamic System Simulations . 7 1.2.1 Traffic Mode
11、l 7 1.2.2 Simulation . 7 1.2.2.1 Dropping Criteria 7 1.2.2.2 Performance Criteria . 8 384 kbitls Service Results . 9 1.2 1.2.3 2 . Deployment Model Result Matrix . 13 3 . UWC-136 Voice Capacity Enhancements . 16 3.1 Baseline Capacity . 16 3.2 Link Quality Improvement Techniques 17 3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Simu
12、lation Set I . 17 3.2.1.2 Simulation Set II . 19 Capacity Simulations - Adaptive Channel Allocation and Power Control 17 3.2.2 Transmit Diversity . 20 Receive Antenna Diversity at Terminal 21 3.2.3.1 Pre-Selection Diversity: . 21 3.2.3.2 Combining Diversity: 22 Improved Error Correction (ACELP/ Chan
13、nel Coding 2 (CC2) . 22 Voice Activity Detection . 22 8kbps coder over 8PSK (TIAEIA-136-410 over 8PSK) 23 Voice Capacity in UWC.136, Method 1: . 24 Voice Capacity in UWC.136, Method 2: . 26 3.4.1 Case 1, capacity gains with no antenna diversity: 26 3.4.2 Case 2, capacity gains with mobile station an
14、tenna diversity 27 3.4.3 The Gains due to TIMEIA-136-410 over 8-PSK 28 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.3 3.4 4 . Change History for TIAIELA-136-940 30 i TINEIA-1 36-940 Tables Table 1 Summary of static system simulation results for Pedestrian A . 2 Table 2 Summary of static system simulation results for V
15、ehicular A50 Environment 3 Table 3 Deployment Matrix for 384 kbitls Service Pedestrian Environment 13 Table 4 Deployment Matrix for 384 kbitls Vehicular A50 Environment 13 Table 5 Deployment Matrix for 384 kbitls Vehicular A120 Environment 14 Table 6 Deployment Matrix for 64 kbitls Service Pedestria
16、n Environment 14 Table 7 Deployment Matrix for 64 kbitls Service Vehicular A50 Environment . 15 Table 8 Deployment Matrix for 64 kbitls Service for Vehicular A120 Environment . 15 Table 9 Summary of System Simulation Results with Fast ACA . I . 17 Table 10 Summary of System Simulation Results with F
17、ast ACA . II 19 Table 11 Performance of Transmit Diversity 21 Table 12 Performance of Pre-Selection Diversity . 21 Table 13 Performance of Combining Diversity with Interference Rejection and one Co-Channel Interferer22 Table 14 Performance of Combining Diversity with Interference Rejection and two C
18、o-Channel Interferer22 Table 15 Downlink Quality Gains that Lower the Required C/N . 26 Table 16 Uplink Quality Gains that Lower the Required C/N 26 Table 17 Downlink Quality Gains that Lower the Required C/N . 27 Table 18 Uplink Quality Gains that Lower the Required C/N 28 ii TINEIA-1 36-940 Figure
19、 1 . Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through PCS-1 for Pedestrian A Environment . 2 Figure 2 . Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through PCS- 1 for Vehicular A50 Environment . 3 Figure 3 . Spectral Efficiency as a Function of Offere
20、d Load for Pedestrian A Environment 4 Figure 4 . Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Pedestrian A Environment 5 Figure 5 . Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A50 Environment 6 Figure 6 . Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A120 Environment 6 Figure 7 . Sp
21、ectral Efficiency Performance for 384 kbitls Packet Data Service Environment A . 9 Figure 8 . Loading Performance for 384 kbitls Packet Data Service Environment A . 10 Figure 9 . Spectral Efficiency Performance for 384 kbitls Packet Data Service Environment B 11 Figure 10 . Loading Performance for 3
22、84 kbitls Packet Data Service Environment B . 12 Figure 11 . FCA System . 18 Figure 12 . ACA System . 18 Figure 13 . CDF for Downlink C/I 20 iii TINEIA-1 36-940 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iv TINEIA-1 36-940 1 1. System Level Simulations for 136 HS Outdoor 2 3 1.1 Static Capacity Simulation 4
23、 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 In order to evaluate the system performance of the 136 HS Outdoor concept, static packet data simulations have been performed. The following assumptions have been made: 113 reuse No frequency hopping Log-normal fading with sta
24、ndard deviation of 10 dl3 Path loss according to M.1225 Models Pedestrian A, Vehicular A50, and Vehicular A120 environments Exponentially distributed packet size with a mean of 1600 bytes 2 Branch MRC diversity is used. No power control is assumed Ideal Link adaptation is performed every 100 ms, i.e
25、. 5 coding blocks. The time step of the simulator is 20 ms, corresponding to one coding block. This means that the interference situation can change 5 times during one link adaptation interval. The throughput is measured after channel decoding. The offered load was fixed for all cases. The throughpu
26、t per carrier distribution for ideal link adaptation is analyzed with fractional loading from which the aggregate average throughput for users in the system is determined. The spectrum efficiency is then evaluated. The spectrum efficiency is calculated in the system simulations as: Mbit I s I MHz I
27、cell $si i) - i=l Mw where Si is the throughput of user i, N is the number of served users, M is the number of cells and W is the total available spectrum. Figure 1 shows the throughput distribution for ideal link adaptation, with 8-PSK coding schemes PCS- 1 to PCS-6 for link adaptation. This static
28、 simulation uses 40% load and mobile station antenna diversity. Table 1 summarizes aggregate average throughputher and spectrum efficiency for this Pedestrian A simulation. 31 1 TINEIA-1 36-940 Spectrum Efficiency Pedestrian A 3 km/h with diversity 1 I I I I I I 0.813 Mbit/s/MHz/site 0.9 I .I O 1 O0
29、 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput S kbps 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 1. Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through PCS-1 for Pedestrian A Environment. Table 1 Summary of static system simulation results for Pedestrian A. Aggregate Average throughput/ Timeslot 50.75 kbit/s Aggregat
30、e Average throughput/ Carrier 406 kbit/s 6 Figure 2 shows the throughput distribution the Vehicular A50 environment. This static simulation uses 30% load and mobile station antenna diversity. Table 2 summarizes aggregate average throughputluser and spectrum efficiency for this Vehicular A50 simulati
31、on. 10 2 TINEIA-1 36-940 08- 07- 06- Vehicular A 50 kmlh with diversity LL 005- o 04- 03- 02- 01- “ I Spectrum Efficiency O 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Throughput S kbps 0.585 Mbit/s/MHz/site 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 2. Throughput distribution obtained from static simulation with PCS-6 through PC
32、S-1 for Vehicular A50 Environment. Table 2 Summary of static system simulation results for Vehicular A50 Environment Aggregate Average throughput/ Timeslot 48.75 kbit/s Aggregate Average throughput/ Carrier 390 kbit/s 6 10 11 1.1.1 12 13 14 15 These results indicate that in the low speed vehicular e
33、nvironment an aggregate average throughput greater than 384 kbit/s is obtained even with the simple equalizer. These results would improve with the more complex equalizer. Load Effects There will be a trade-off between the spectrum efficiency and the quality in the network. System simulations show t
34、hat by increasing the load (even up to loo%), the spectrum efficiency will increase. However, the throughput for individual users will drop and may result in low throughput. Figure 3 shows the sepctnim efficiency for the Pedestrian A environment as a function of Load. 3 TINEIA-1 36-940 1 Pedestrian
35、A Spectral Efficiency Vs Load 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 O 50% Percent Load 100% 2 3 4 Figure 3. Spectral Efficiency as a Function of Offered Load for Pedestrian A Environment. 5 4 TINEIA-1 36-940 1 09- 08- 07- 2 1.1.2 I I I Coverage Simulations 06- LL 005- o 04- 03- 02- 01- Figure 4 shows ho
36、w the throughput varies over the cell area for the Pedestrian environment. Note that smart antennas are not assumed. Smart antennas will of course further increase the coverage. The results are shown using an Eb/No distribution corresponding to 95% 136 speech coverage. The distance attenuation is ca
37、lculated according to the ITU Channel Models. The results include mobile antenna diversity (2 branch, maximum ratio combining). - - - - - - Pedestrian A 3 km/h with diversity O 1 O0 200 300 400 500 600 Throughput S kbps 8 9 10 11 12 13 Figure 4. Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Pedestrian
38、 A Environment Figure 5 shows the results for the low speed Vehicular A50 Environment using the same criteria as used in Figure 4. Figures 6 shows the results for the higher speed Vehicular A120 Environment using the same criteria as used in Figure 4. These results are for the simple equalizer. 14 5
39、 TINEIA-1 36-940 1 09- 08- 07- 06- LL 005- o 04- 03- 02- o1 O 1 VehicularA 50 km/h with diversity - - - - - - - - - - -I I I I I I I O0 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 1 09- Figure 5. Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A50 Environment I 06- LL 005- o 04- 03- 02- 01- OA I Throughpu
40、t S kbps 4 O 6 Figure 6. Coverage with mobile receiver diversity for Vehicular A120 Environment TINEIA-1 36-940 1 1.2 Dynamic System Simulations 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 1.2.1 In order to further evaluate the system performance of 136
41、 HS Outdoor bearer using ITU Models, additional dynamic packet data simulations have been performed. The following assumptions have been made: Interference Limited 1/3 reuse No frequency hopping Log-normal fading with standard deviation of 10 dB Path loss according to M. 1225 ITU Models Pedestrian C
42、hannel A and B, Vehicular Channel A and B 50 km/hr, Vehicular Channel A and B 120 kdhr environments Power control is not used 2 Branch MRC diversity is used. Ideal Link adaptation The time step of the simulator is 20 ms, corresponding to one coding block. Each radio block is explicitly simulated. 27
43、 cell sites are used. These additional simulations provided more detailed analysis of the system. Traffic Model 1.2.2 A session-based traffic model is used. In-session users may be both active and idle. The number of packets sent in a session is geometrically distributed with a mean of 10. A packet
44、is defined as for example a web page rather than an IP packet. Sessions arrive according to a Poisson process. Packets are sent to user at the rate of 0.3 packetdsec. The bursty behavior of a packet data system is modeled using a truncated Pareto distribution for the packet interanival times. The pa
45、cket (file) sizes are lognormally distributed with a mean of 12 kbytes. Simulation Each radio block was explicitly simulated included queuing, retransmission, etc. The time step of the simulator was 20 msec. The total simulation time is 300 sec. Ideal link adaptation is used. Packets are scheduled u
46、sing an ideal G-based scheduling algorithm. 1.2.2.1 Dropping Criteria A leaky bucket algorithm is used for user dropping. Each user is assigned a counter initialized at 32. The counter is decreased by one for a NACK and increased by 2 (up to a maximum of 32) for an ACK. The user is dropped if the co
47、unter reaches zero. 7 TINEIA-1 36-940 1 10 11 1.2.2.2 Performance Criteria Since users in a packet data system will have different user throughputs, a quality measure is defined. The quality measure for the 384 kbitls service is that 95% of the users should have a session throughput exceeding 10% of
48、 384 kbitls (or 38.4 kbitls). The same quality measure is used for the 64 kbitls service which means that the system can be 100% loaded. Therefore the spectral efficiency is obtained at 100% load for the 64 kbitls service. The session throughput is defined as the total number of bits a user transmit
49、ted in a session divided by the total time for the transmissions. Dropped users are given a session throughput of zero even if they transmitted some data before being dropped. Simulations were performed with increasing load until the quality measure was reached. At this load, the spectral efficiency is calculated. 8 TINEIA-1 36-940 70 1 2 1.2.3 384 kbis Service Results d vehA50 - 3 - (I Q 260 + Q L o, g50- c (I a, ._ 5 40 - a,- e !30 o- ._ + a, m 8 - - - For the 384 kbitls packet data service, Figure 7 shows the spectrum efficiency results (per sector) versus the lowest 5% per
