1、 TIA STANDARD FOTP-181 Lightning Damage Susceptibility Test for Fiber Optic Cables with Metallic Components TIA455-181 February 1993 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANSI/TIA-455-181-1992 Approved: December 17, 1992 Reaffirmed: July 3, 2001 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications ar
2、e designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The
3、 existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non
4、-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to
5、parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine t
6、he applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-2190-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.7 Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Cable ). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Ar
7、lington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call IHS USA and Canada (1-800-525-7052 ) International (303-790-0600) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/catalog/ All rights re
8、served Printed in U.S.A. NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This document is copyrighted by the TIA. Reproduction of these documents either in hard copy or soft copy (including posting on the web) is prohibited without copyright permission. For copyright permission to reproduce portions of this document, please co
9、ntact TIA Standards Department or go to the TIA website (www.tiaonline.org) for details on how to request permission. Details are located at: http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/catalog/info.cfm#copyright OR Telecommunications Industry Association Standards (b) there is no assurance that the Document
10、will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights
11、(“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested
12、, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the partie
13、s involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. If the Doc
14、ument contains one or more Normative References to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards (whether designated as a standard, specification, recommendation or otherwise), whether such reference consists of mandato
15、ry, alternate or optional elements (as defined in the TIA Engineering Manual, 4thedition) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of any other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating to any such Normative Reference; (ii) TIAs policy of encouragement of
16、 voluntary disclosure (see Engineering Manual Section 6.5.1) of Essential Patent(s) and published pending patent applications shall apply; and (iii) Information as to claims of IPR in the records or publications of the other SSO shall not constitute identification to TIA of a claim of Essential Pate
17、nt(s) or published pending patent applications. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPR
18、ESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DI
19、SCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR
20、 PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAM
21、AGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT
22、 OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. I- EIA TIA-455-LBL 93 - 3234600 0504546 267 = TIA/EIA-455-181 FOTP-181 LIGHTNING DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST FOR FIBER OPTIC CABLES WITH METALLIC COMPONENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Paqe 1.
23、 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. APPENDIX A APPENDIX B REFERENCES APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . 3 CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS . . . 5 DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 SPECIFICATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . 7 DISCUSSION OF POSSIBLE PASS/FAIL CRITERIA . . . 8 COMPARISON BETWEEN FOTP-181 AND IEC AND CCITT REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . 9 o 10 EIA TIA-455-LBL 73 323qbOO 0504547 LT3 = TIA/EIA-455-181 Page 1 FOTP-181 LIGHTNING DAMAGE SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST FOR FIBER OPTIC CABLES WITH METALLIC COMPONENTS (From EIA Standards Proposal No. 2190, formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.7, Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Cable.) This FOTP
26、is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard TIA/EIA-455. 1 . INTRODUCTION 1.1 Lightning currents from nearby strokes to earth, trees, or grounded structures can arc to metallic members of a directly buried optical fiber cable. In high-resistivity soils, or where the
27、re. is a conductive path (such as a tree root), a strike more than a hundred meters away from the cable can still arc to it. Serious damage to the cable can occur from the thermal and mechanical stresses produced by such events. 1.2 This procedure provides a method for electrical-impulse testing of
28、fiber optic cable using specified current waveforms and peak-current levels. The purpose of the method is to simulate the effects of the lightning arc at the point where it attaches to the cable and to establish the relative susceptibility of fiber optic cables to damage from such arcing. 1.3 Lightn
29、ing can result in cable damage that is not simulated by this procedure. Intermediate and continuing currents can produce extensive thermal damage. Secondary arcing between insulated metallic elements can cause damage away from the lightning attachment point. Furthermore, local conditions (e.g., soil
30、 resistivity and geological structure) can be important factors affecting the lightning damage susceptibility of cables. The test method in this procedure does not attempt to simulate any of these effects or the variety of other conditions unique to specific real field environments. - - _ _- EIA TIA
31、-455-141 93 m 3234600 0504548 03T m TIA/EIA-455-181 Page 2 1.4 This test method may involve hazardous operations and equipment. The procedure does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this procedure to consult and establi
32、sh appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 5.10.1. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following documents form a part of this FOTP to the extent specified herein: EIA-455-13 (FOTP-13) Visual and Mechan
33、ical Inspection of Fiber Optic Components, Devices and Assembliest1 CCITT Blue Book, Vol. IX “Protection Against Interference“ Recommendation K.25 3. APPARATUS 3.1 An impulse generator capable of providing the required current waveform and the specified peak-current level. 3.2 Equipment for monitori
34、ng and recording the test waveform. The publications listed in the Reference section provide details about high-voltage test equipment. 3.3 A rigid nonmetallic test box measuring a minimum of 0.75 m (30 in) in all inside linear dimensions. The box shall have two holes in the bottom for water drainag
35、e, approximately 25 mm (1 in) in diameter. 3.4 A discharge electrode, 19 mm (3/4 in) in diameter with a rounded end with radius 9.5 mm (3/8 in), positioned near the center of the test box. The electrode shall be securely attached to the test box so that it will not be disturbed by the forces that de
36、velop during the impulse tests. 3.5 A volume of 20 to 40 mesh pure silica sand to fill the test box. 3.6 A supply of tap water. TIA/EIA-455-181 Page 3 3.7 Equipment for indicating optical discontinuities (e.g., a high intensity light, a helium-neon laser or a local injection and detection device), a
37、s appropriate. 4. SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS 4.1 Obtain test samples of optical fiber cable that contain one or moremetallicmembers and are representative of a completed optical fiber cable of the particular design to be tested. Each sample shall be approximately 1 m (39 in) in length. 4.2 Prepare each
38、cable sample by electrically shorting together, at each end, all of the metallic members (conductors, armor, strength members, etc.) contained in the sample. 4.3 Prepare each sample to ensure that a discharge to the metallic members can occur. If, for example, the cable has metallic armor that is co
39、vered by a plastic jacket, provide a small.hole (maximum diameter of 2.5 mm (0.1 in) in the jacket to the depth of the armor. Locate the hole approximately midway along the sample length and approximately 180 degrees from the seam overlap of the armor. The hole in the plastic jacket may be made afte
40、r the sample is positioned (see 5.6) in the test box. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 Verify that all of the fibers in each test sample are optically continuous before beginning impulse testing. Fiber continuity may be established visually using a high intensity lamp or a helium-neon laser (both of which produce v
41、isible light). Other equivalent means of optical continuity testing (e.g., a local injection and detection device) may also be used. Record results of this pretest examination. 5.2 Position the discharge electrode near the center of the test box, with the electrode (or a lead connected to it) extend
42、ing outside the box. 5.3 Prior to commencement of a series of tests, completely fill the test box with sand. Thoroughly saturate the sand with water and then allow the excess water to drain from the box for a period of at least 5 minutes prior to the introduction of a test sample. Saturation of the
43、sand in the test box with water should be repeated at intervals of 8 hours or less to compensate for the drying effects of the impulse tests and drainage. _. EIA TIA-455-LL 93 3234600 0504550 798 TIA/EIA-455-181 Page 4 5.4 Prepare a premixture of wet sand containing 15% water by weight by combining,
44、 in a separate and nondrainhg container, 600 grams of dry sand and 106 grams of tap water. NOTE: Laboratory instruments are commercially available for the measurement of the water content of the sand medium. 5.5 Form a horizontal channel in the sand by removing sand from the filled test box as neces
45、sary. Form the channel to the depth of the discharge electrode and approximately 25 mm (1 in) from it. Set aside (for later use in 5.9) the sand removed from the box. 5.6 Place a prepared cable sample in the channel such that it is 25 to 27 m (0.98 to 1.06 in) from the electrode at its closest point
46、. To the extent possible, adjust the positioning of the sample in the channel to ensure that the discharge will be to the metallic members facing the electrode (i.e. , the hole in the jacket should face the electrode). 5.6.2 To minimize the possibility that the parameters of the test current wavefor
47、m will not conform to the values of 5.10 (and thereby necessitate that a tested sample be discarded), it is advisable at the start of a series of tests to first make trial discharges to a solid brass rod. Placement of the rod and sand preparation should be the same as for a test sample. The current
48、waveforms for discharges to the rod should be checked to determine whether the required values for the parameters are obtained. 5.7 Connect together all of the metallic members at both ends of the cable sample and connect these to the return (ground) terminal of the impulse generator. Connect the di
49、scharge electrode lead to the other terminal of the impulse generator. 5.8 Introduce the wet sand premixture of 5.4 into the test box in the region where the discharge will occur. Additional sand may have to be removed from the box for this purpose. In the region of the intended discharge, the premixed sand should fill in the volume between the sample and the electrode, surround the test sample, and cover the tip of the electrode. 5.9 Cover the premixture with a 100 mm (4 in) layer of sand (as removed in 5.5) -and hand tamp. Then fill the test box with the remaining sa
