1、 TIA/EIA STANDARD North American Telephone Network Transmission Model for Evaluating Analog Client and Digitally Connected Server Modems TIA/EIA-793 JANUARY 2001 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association Represents the Communications Sector of ANSI/TIA/EIA-7
2、93-2001 Approved: January 23, 2001 TIA/EIA-793 NOTICE TIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the pu
3、rchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of TIA/EIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications
4、, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than TIA/EIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with the American National Standar
5、ds Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA/EIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all appli
6、cable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3857, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-30.3
7、 Subcommittee on Data Communications Network Interfaces.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2001 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of EIA ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ALLIANCE STANDARDS and ENGINEERING PUB
8、LICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. PLEASE! DONT VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. Organizations may obtain permission t
9、o reproduce a limited number of copies through entering into a license agreement. For information, contact: Global Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way East Englewood, CO 80112-5704 or call U.S.A. and Canada 1-800-854-7179, International (303) 397-7956 TIA/EIA-793 i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONT
10、ENTS.I TABLE OF FIGURESIII TABLE OF TABLESIV FOREWORD.VI INTRODUCTION. VII EVOLUTION OF MODEM TEST STANDARDS VII ARCHITECTURE OF THE NETWORK MODEL VII 1. SCOPE . 1 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 3 3. DEFINITIONS 4 4. DEFINITION OF MODEL 7 4.1 MODEL OVERVIEW 7 4.2 TABLE STRUCTURE AND IC NUMBERING. 7 4.3 ADD
11、ED NOISE 8 4.4 MODEM IMPEDANCE REQUIREMENTS 8 4.5 DIGITAL IMPAIRMENT REQUIREMENTS. 8 4.6 NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE (NMC) 8 5. IMPAIRMENT LEVEL SETUP . 10 5.1 TRANSMITTED SIGNAL POWER MEASUREMENT . 10 5.1.1 Client Modem 10 5.1.2 Server Modem . 10 5.2 INTERMODULATION DISTORTION CALIBRATION . 10 5.4 TRANS
12、HYBRID LOSS MEASUREMENT. 10 ANNEX A (NORMATIVE): LOOP CHARACTERISTICS. 35 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE): DIGITAL TRUNK LOSS 49 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE): RATIONALE FOR NETWORK MODELS 55 C.1 INTRODUCTION 55 C.2 MODEL SEGMENTATION. 55 C.3 MODEL FIGURES 55 C.4 RATIONALE FOR NETWORK MODEL IMPAIRMENT RANGES 67 C.4.1 P
13、CM Mode Impairments . 67 C.4.2 UDLC Impairments. 70 C.5 SUPPORTING PSTN CALL STATISTICS 70 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE): RATIONALE FOR NETWORK MODEL COVERAGE SCORES . 75 D.1 INTRODUCTION 75 D.2 NETWORK CONFIGURATION SCORES 75 D.3 INTER/INTRA LATA CONNECTION PERCENTILES. 78 TIA/EIA-793 ii D.4 NETWORK IMPAIR
14、MENT SEVERITY SCORES . 78 D.5 TEST LOOP SCORES 78 D.6 NETWORK CONFIGURATION SCORES 79 D.7 CROSS-PRODUCT SCORES 79 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) IMPAIRMENTS UNDER STUDY IN THE NORTH AMERICAN TELEPHONE NETWORK 88 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) INFORMATIVE REFERENCES. 92 TIA/EIA-793 iii Table of Figures Figure 1 - Tabl
15、e Structure and IC Numbering . 7 Figure 2 INAA Test Equipment Configuration 11 Figure 3 UNAA Test Equipment Configuration 12 Figure 4 UDLC Test Equipment Configuration . 13 Figure A. 1 Test Loop Configurations . 36 Figure A. 2 - Subscriber Loop Attenuation Distortion Characteristics (loops 1,3-6). 3
16、7 Figure A. 3 - Subscriber Loop Envelope Delay Distortion (loops 1,3-6) 37 Figure A. 4 - PCM -Codec(-law) Transmit Attenuation Distortion. 43 Figure A. 5 - PCM -Codec(-law) Receive Attentuation Distortion . 43 Figure A. 6 - PCM -Codec(-law) Attentuation Distortion. 44 Figure A. 7 - PCM -Codec(-law)
17、Transmit Envelope Delay Distortion (EDD) 46 Figure A. 8 - PCM -Codec(-law) Receive Envelope Delay Distortion (EDD) 46 Figure A. 9 - PCM -Codec(-law) Envelope Delay Distortion (EDD) . 47 Figure C 1 - Composite Network Model for PCM Modem Evaluation . 58 Figure C 2- Network Model for INAA (PCM Mode) C
18、onnections . 59 Figure C 3 Network Model for UNAA (Fallback Mode) Connections 60 Figure C 4 Connection Type I01 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, DS, Digital Pad. 61 Figure C 5 Connection Type I02 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, DS, Analog Pad 61 Figure C 6 Connection Type I03 Intra-LATA, INAA (IDLC), T
19、1, DS, Digital Pad 61 Figure C 7 Connection Type I04 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, AS, Analog Pad 61 Figure C 8 Connection Type I05 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, DS, Digital Pad 62 Figure C 9 Connection Type I06 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, DS, Analog Pad 62 Figure C 10 Connection Type I07 Inter
20、-LATA, INAA (IDLC), T1, DS, Digital Pad 62 Figure C 11 Connection Type I08 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct), T1, AS, Analog Pad 62 Figure C 12 Connection Type I09 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), ISDN, DS, Digital Pad 63 Figure C 13 Connection Type I10 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), ISDN, DS, Analog Pad . 63 Figure
21、C 14 Connection Type I11 Intra-LATA, INAA (IDLC), ISDN, DS, Digital Pad 63 Figure C 15 Connection Type I12 Intra-LATA, INAA (direct), ISDN, AS, Analog Pad . 63 Figure C 16 Connection Type I13 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct), ISDN, DS, Digital Pad 64 Figure C 17 Connection Type I14 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct
22、), ISDN, DS, Analog Pad . 64 Figure C 18 Connection Type I15 Inter-LATA, INAA (IDLC), ISDN, DS, Digital Pad 64 Figure C 19 Connection Type I16 Inter-LATA, INAA (direct), ISDN, AS, Analog Pad . 64 Figure C 20 Connection Type U01, U02 Intra-LATA, UNAA, T1, DS . 65 Figure C 21 Connection Type U03 Intra
23、-LATA, UNAA, T1, AS 65 Figure C 22 Connection Type U04, U05 Inter-LATA, UNAA, T1, DS . 65 Figure C 23 Connection Type U06 Inter-LATA, UNAA, T1, AS . 65 Figure C 24 Connection Type U07, U8 Intra-LATA, UNAA, ISDN, DS. 66 Figure C 25 Connection Type U09 Intra-LATA, UNAA, ISDN, AS . 66 Figure C 26 Conne
24、ction Type U10, U11 Inter-LATA, UNAA, ISDN, DS. 66 Figure C 27 Connection Type U12 Inter-LATA, UNAA, ISDN, AS . 66 Figure C 28 Transhybrid Loss Distribution 68 Figure C 29 -Codec Transfer Characteristic Signaling and Information Frames. 69 Figure C 30 Round Trip Delay. 71 Figure C 31 Digital Pad . 7
25、1 Figure C 32 RBS Links 72 Figure C 33 Final Downstream Rate: PCM Connections. 72 Figure C 34 Final Downstream Rate: All Connections 73 TIA/EIA-793 iv Figure C 35 Throughput Comparison: Model versus PSTN 74 Figure D. 1 Unnormalized Network Connection Score Tree 77 Table of Tables Table 1 - Complete
26、List of Impairments 14 Table 2.A - Network Model ICs for Evaluation of PCM Modems (INAA/T1). 15 Table 3.A - Network Model ICs for Evaluation of PCM Modems (INAA/ISDN) 19 Table 4.A - Network Model ICs for Evaluation of PCM Modems (UNAA/T1) . 23 Table 5.A - Network Model ICs for Evaluation of PCM Mode
27、ms (UNAA/ISDN). 26 Table 6 Network Model Coverage Scoring and Truncation for INAA/T1.30 Table 7 - Network Model Coverage Scoring and Truncation for INAA/ISDN . 31 Table 8 - Network Model Coverage Scoring and Truncation for UNAA/T1 32 Table 9 - Network Model Coverage Scoring and Truncation for UNAA/I
28、SDN 33 Table 10 - INAA Truncated Test Models 34 Table 11 - UNAA Truncated Test Models 34 Table A. 1 - Subscriber Loop 1 Characteristics (nonloaded loop). 38 Table A. 2 - Subscriber Loop 3 Characteristics (nonloaded loop). 39 Table A. 3 - Subscriber Loop 4 Characteristics (nonloaded loop). 40 Table A
29、. 4 - Subscriber Loop 5 Characteristics (nonloaded loop). 41 Table A. 5 - Subscriber Loop 6 Characteristics (loaded loop). 42 Table A. 6 - PCM Codec Attenuation Distortion (AD) ( =ref. value). 45 Table A. 7 - PCM Codec Envelope Delay Distortion (EDD) 48 Table B. 1 - -Law Mapping Procedure for 3 dB a
30、nd 6.0206 dB Digital Pads. 50 Table B. 2 - 3.00 dB Digital Pad PCM Translation Table (-law) . 52 Table B. 3 - 6.02 dB Digital Pad PCM Translation Table (-law) 54 Table D. 1: Unnormalized Network Configuration Scores . 77 Table D. 2 - Network Configuration Percentiles. 77 Table D. 3 - Network Impairm
31、ent Severity Level Percentiles (Local Scores) 78 Table D. 4 - Test loop (TL) scores 79 Table D.5. 1 - IC-SCORES (T1, DS, Digital-Pad, Direct, PCM). 80 Table D.5. 2 - IC-SCORES (T1, DS, Analog-Pad, Direct, PCM) 80 Table D.5. 3 - IC-SCORES (T1, DS, Digital-Pad, IDLC, PCM) . 80 Table D.5. 4 - IC-SCORES
32、 (T1, AS, Analog-Pad, Direct, PCM) 81 Table D.6. 1 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (T1, PCM mode) .81 Table D.6. 2 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (T1, PCM mode) .81 Table D.6. 3 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (T1, PCM mode) .82 TIA/EIA-793 v Table D.7. 1 - IC-SC
33、ORES (ISDN, DS, Digital-Pad, Direct, PCM) 82 Table D.7. 2 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, DS, Analog-Pad, Direct, PCM) 82 Table D.7. 3 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, DS, Digital-Pad, IDLC, PCM). 83 Table D.7. 4 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, AS, Analog-Pad, Direct, PCM) 83 Table D.8. 1 Cross Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (ISDN, P
34、CM mode). 83 Table D.8. 2 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (ISDN, PCM mode) 84 Table D.8. 3 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (ISDN, PCM mode) 84 Table D.9. 1 - IC-SCORES (T1, DS, Digital-Pad, UDLC, Fallback) . 84 Table D.9. 2 - IC-SCORES (T1, DS, Analog-Pad, UDLC, Fallback). 85
35、 Table D.9. 3 - IC-SCORES (T1, AS, Analog-Pad, UDLC, Fallback). 85 Table D.10. 1 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (T1, Fallback mode) 85 Table D.10. 2 - Cross-Products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (T1, Fallback mode) . 86 Table D.11. 1 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, DS, Digital-Pad, UDLC, Fallback). 86
36、 Table D.11. 2 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, DS, Analog-Pad, UDLC, Fallback) 86 Table D.11. 3 - IC-SCORES (ISDN, AS, Analog-Pad, UDLC, Fallback) 87 Table D.12. 1 - Cross products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (ISDN, Fallback mode) 87 Table D.12. 2 - Cross products of TL-Scores and IC-Scores (ISDN, Fallback mode)
37、87 Table E. 1 - Network Model ICs with Additional RBS links in IDLC Section. 89 Table E. 2 - Network Model ICs with Different RBS Patterns in IDLC Section 90 Table E. 3 - Network Model ICs with Different Digital Pad Loss due to Switch being a PBX 91 TIA/EIA-793 vi Foreword (This foreword is not part
38、 of the Standard) This Standard was prepared by Telecommunications Industry Association technical standard subcommittee TR-30.3, “Data Communications Equipment Evaluation and Network Interfaces.” 5 This Standard defines a network model for performance testing of modems and similar devices intended f
39、or the transmission of nonvoice signals over the public switched telephone network. TIA/EIA-496A specifies the network interface characteristics relevant to connection establishment and disconnection. It is intended that this Standard be used with proposed TIA/EIA-3800, “Test Procedures for 10 Evalu
40、ating Voiceband Modem Performance.” There are six annexes in this standard. Annexes A and B are normative and are considered part of this standard while Annexes C, D, E and F are informative and are not considered part of this standard. 15 TIA/EIA-793 vii Introduction TIA Subcommittee TR-30.3 contin
41、ues its work developing telephone network transmission models for evaluating modem performance over the PSTN. The network model described in this document accommodates four wire, digitally connected server modems and the associated two 5 wire analog connected client modems designed to operate over t
42、hese connections. The Subcommittee realizes that manufacturers of modems, users of modems, and network providers are interested in a specification that accurately models the network characteristics that determine modem performance. The Subcommittee is also aware that evaluators desire a simple test
43、that properly measures the performance of modems from various manufacturers. Therefore, 10 the objective of this standard is to define a model that is representative of todays telephone network, can be simulated at reasonable cost, and facilitates practical modem evaluation times. Evolution of Modem
44、 Test Standards During the development of the ITU V.34 modem standard, the subcommittee elected to abandon 15 the earlier network model where modem error rates were measured against single impairments resulting in “waterfall curves.” The new network model specifies representative end-to-end connecti
45、ons with impairment combinations. This model allows estimates to be made of the percentage of the real network over which the modem can be expected operate. This is referred to as the modems network model coverage, NMC. 20 This model features impairment combinations for a range of interoffice connec
46、tion types, each representing a combination of facilities that can be encountered in the network, e.g., digital end offices connected with fourwire digital transport. For each such impairment combination, sub-combinations are defined with the impairment (e.g. intermodulation distortion) levels varyi
47、ng from mild to severe, all with assigned scores of being encountered in the network. The impairment 25 combinations are used with a set of subscriber loops that approximate the loop environment to generate a complete end-to-end model. Architecture of the Network Model PCM client modems (e.g., ITU V
48、.90 standard modems) are designed to connect in PCM mode 30 only if the server modem is connected to the network switch via digital 4-wire facilities. On connections with multiple hybrids and/or multiple analog-to-digital (A/D) conversions, a PCM modem is expected to fall back to the non-PCM (e.g.,
49、V.34) mode. The network model presented addresses both modes of operation by splitting the model into two parts: 1) PCM capable and 2) non-PCM (fallback) capable. 35 TIA/EIA-793 1 Telephone Network Transmission Model For Evaluating Analog Client and Digitally Connected Server Modem Performance 1. SCOPE 5 This Standard defines a model of the characteristics of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
