1、 TIA STANDARD TR 61282-5 - Fibre Optic Communication System Design Guides Part 5: Accommodation and Compensation of Dispersion TIA/TR-1026 FEBRUARY, 2004 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/T
2、IA/TR-1026-2004 Approved: February 3, 2004 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser
3、in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Nei
4、ther shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA do
5、es not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of th
6、e user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-0141, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.1 Subcommittee on Fiber Optic) Published by TELECOMMUNICATION
7、S INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2002 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-85
8、4-7179) International (303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. PLEASE! DONT VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. Organizations may obtain permission
9、to reproduce a limited number of copies through entering into a license agreement. For information, contact: Global Engineering Documents 15 Inverness Way East Englewood, CO 80112-5704 U.S.A. or call U.S.A. and Canada 1-800-854-7179, International (303) 397-7956 NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION O
10、F LIABILITY The document to which this Notice is affixed has been prepared by one or more Engineering Committees of the Telecommunications Industry Association (“TIA”). TIA is not the author of the document contents, but publishes and claims copyright to the document pursuant to licenses and permiss
11、ion granted by the authors of the contents. TIA Engineering Committees are expected to conduct their affairs in accordance with the TIA Engineering Manual (“Manual”), the current and predecessor versions of which are available at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/sfg/engineering_manual.cfm. TIAs fun
12、ction is to administer the process, but not the content, of document preparation in accordance with the Manual and, when appropriate, the policies and procedures of the American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”). THE USE OR PRACTICE OF CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE THE USE OF INTELLECTUA
13、L PROPERTY RIGHTS (“IPR”), INCLUDING PENDING OR ISSUED PATENTS, OR COPYRIGHTS, OWNED BY ONE OR MORE PARTIES. TIA MAKES NO SEARCH OR INVESTIGATION FOR IPR. WHEN IPR CONSISTING OF PATENTS AND PUBLISHED PATENT APPLICATIONS ARE CLAIMED AND CALLED TO TIAS ATTENTION, A STATEMENT FROM THE HOLDER THEREOF IS
14、 REQUESTED, ALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUAL. TIA TAKES NO POSITION WITH REFERENCE TO, AND DISCLAIMS ANY OBLIGATION TO INVESTIGATE OR INQUIRE INTO, THE SCOPE OR VALIDITY OF ANY CLAIMS OF IPR. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CO
15、NCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REP
16、RESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT,
17、SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
18、 THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 iCONTENTS FOREWORDiii INTRODUCTION.v 1 Scope and object1 2 Reference documents.1 3 Chro
19、matic dispersion limitations2 3.1 Chromatic dispersion of dispersion-unshifted fibre2 3.2 Pulse broadening.3 3.3 Dispersion-limited length .4 4 Types of dispersion compensation 6 4.1 Passive compensation along the optical path .6 4.2 Compensation and accommodation by the transmitter or receiver .8 4
20、.3 Active compensation along the optical path 8 4.4 Compensation by dispersion management .9 5 Passive dispersion compensator parameters.9 5.1 Operating wavelength range 9 5.2 Chromatic dispersion .9 5.3 Dispersion compensation rate11 5.4 Insertion loss.11 5.5 Reflectance .12 5.6 Polarization .12 5.
21、6.1 Polarization-mode dispersion .12 5.6.2 Polarization-dependent loss .12 5.7 Optical non-linearity.13 6 Dispersion compensator applications 13 6.1 Higher bit-rates13 6.2 Longer unrepeated spans 14 6.3 Multiwavelength transmission 14 7 System parameters for passive dispersion compensators 15 Annex
22、A List of acronyms17 Bibliography .18 Figure 1 Extremes of the dispersion coefficient for B1 fibre.2 Figure 2 Summing the dispersions of a B1 fibre and a DCF-based PDC over the OA window 7 Figure 3 Reflectivity and time-delay characteristics of an FBG-based PDC (dispersion is the slope of the line)8
23、 Figure 4 Passive dispersion compensators placed at one location.13 Figure 5 PDCs placed before transmitter booster OAs (protect circuit not shown)14 Figure 6 Two-band WDM with an OA and a PDC in the upper band.14 Figure 7 Multichannel WDM in the OA band15 TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026
24、iiTable 1 Calculated length limits (in km) between regenerators as determined by attenuation and dispersion at 1 550 nm .5 Table 2 Transmission length ranges with a PDC designed to compensate typical lengths of B1 fibre 10 TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 iiiINTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL
25、COMMISSION _ FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDES Part 5: Accommodation and compensation of dispersion FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committee
26、s). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees;
27、any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for St
28、andardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee
29、 has representation from all interested National Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sen
30、se. 4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional stand
31、ard shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this tech
32、nical report may be the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report whe
33、n it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 61282-5, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibr
34、e optics. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 86C/291/CDV 86C/347/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has bee
35、n drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. This document, which is purely informative, is not to be regarded as an International Standard. TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 ivThe committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2006.
36、At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 vINTRODUCTION Dispersion compensation is usually used in conjunction with optical amplification. Currently optical amplification is most practical utili
37、zing erbium-doped fibre amplifiers operating in the 1 550 nm region. Such systems are used to extend the spacings between regenerative repeaters and to increase the power budget for higher bit-rate/bandwidth applications. Passive dispersion compensators (PDCs) have intrinsic losses that are overcome
38、 by the optical amplifiers (OAs). Future OAs in the 1 310 nm region may not require dispersion compensation of B1 fibre. PDCs may be used in the interoffice and subscriber loop plant environment, for analogue or digital transmission, in unidirectional and bidirectional transmission, in single-wavele
39、ngth or wavelength-division-multiplexed transmission, and with an OA external to it. The PDC will have single-mode optical fibre ports that may be ports with coated fibres, buffered fibres, fibre cable, or with integral optical connectors and no fibres. Alternatively, one or more PDCs may be used wi
40、th one or more OAs as part of an integrated component. In this technical report, the PDC will be discussed as a “black box“ which performs certain input-to-output transforms, without regard to the particular technologies that may be employed within the PDC. TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026
41、 viTR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 1FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM DESIGN GUIDES Part 5: Accommodation and compensation of dispersion 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 61282, which is a technical report, applies to the accommodation and compensation of dispersion in fibre optic commun
42、ication systems. Generally, dispersion compensation and accommodation is used in the 1 550 nm region with cables incorporating conventional (dispersion-unshifted) single-mode category B1 fibre as shown in IEC 60793-1 and IEC 60793-2. In this wavelength region, the fibre has a positive dispersion coe
43、fficient that averages at about 17 ps/nmkm. There are two subcategories of such fibre. The cutoff wavelength of B1 fibre is low enough for the fibre to be used in either the 1 310 nm or the 1 550 nm region. Such fibre makes up the vast majority of installed fibre optic cable world wide. The cutoff w
44、avelength of B1.2 fibre is high enough for the fibre to be used in the 1 550 nm region only. Such fibre is used in some submarine systems. Smaller values of dispersion are attainable with dispersion-shifted category B2 fibre and with non-zero-dispersion category B4 fibre. Dispersion accommodation or
45、 compensation may sometimes be used with these fibre types as well, but only category B1 fibres will be discussed in this technical report. Compensation refers to techniques or components that reduce the value of the dispersion or the dispersion slope of a fibre optic link to enable transmission at
46、digital bit-rates and at analogue frequencies higher than would be possible without these techniques. Effectively, the cumulative zero-dispersion wavelength of the optical path is moved from the 1 310 nm region to somewhere in the 1 550 nm region. A link of dispersion-unshifted B1 fibre and an in-li
47、ne dispersion compensator can be made to resemble, in some cumulative respects, a link of dispersion-shifted B2 fibre. Examples of passive dispersion compensating components include dispersion-compensating fibre, fibre Bragg gratings, and etalons. Accommodation refers to techniques or components tha
48、t utilize dispersion to enable transmission at digital bit-rates and at analogue frequencies higher than would be possible without these techniques. Examples of active dispersion accommodation include optical or electrical prechirping at the transmitter, dispersion-assisted transmission, midspan spe
49、ctral inversion, and receiver signal processing. Accommodation will be treated in future revisions of this technical report. Management referring to techniques that vary the dispersion coefficient along the optical path (both sign and magnitude) remains under study. 2 Reference documents IEC 60793-1 (all parts), Optical fibres Part 1: Generic specification TR 61282-5 IEC:2002 adopted as TIA/TR-1026 2IEC 60793-2, Optical fibres Part 2: Product specifications IEC/TR 61282-3, Fibre optic communication system design guides
