1、 TIA-222-G (Revision of TIA-222-F) August 2005Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas ANSI/TIA-222-G-2005 APPROVED: AUGUST 2, 2005 REAFFIRMED: DECEMBER 20, 2012 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 3, 2016 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public in
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29、TENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. ANSI/TIA-222-G 1Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas TABLE OF CONTENTS OBJECTIVE 6 SCOPE 6 1.0 GENERAL 7 1.1 Strength Limit States 7 1.2 Serviceability Limit States 7 1.3 Analysis 7 1.4 Definitions 1.5 Symbol
30、s and Notation 8 2.0 LOADS 8 2.1 Scope 8 2.2 Classification of Structures 8 2.3 Combination of Loads 8 2.4 Temperature Effects 9 2.5 Dead Loads 9 2.6 Wind and Ice Loads 9 2.7 Earthquake Loads 26 2.8 Serviceability Requirements 38 3.0 ANALYSIS 59 3.1 Scope 59 3.2 Definitions 3.3 Symbols and Notation
31、59 3.4 Analysis Models 59 3.5 Displacement Effects 60 3.6 Wind Loading Patterns 60 3.7 Mast Shear and Torsion Responses for Guyed Masts 62 4.0 DESIGN STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL STEEL 66 4.1 Scope 66 ANSI/TIA-222-G 24.2 Definitions 66 4.3 Symbols and Notations 67 4.4 General 69 4.5 Compression Members 70
32、 4.6 Tension Members 75 4.7 Flexural Members 77 4.8 Combined Bending and Axial Forces 80 4.9 Connections 83 5.0 MANUFACTURING 102 5.1 Scope 102 5.2 Definitions 102 5.3 Symbols and Notations 102 5.4 Material, Structural Steel 102 5.5 Fabrication 103 5.6 Corrosion Control 103 6.0 OTHER STRUCTURAL MATE
33、RIALS 106 6.1 Scope 106 6.2 General 106 6.3 Loads 106 6.4 Analysis 6.5 Design Strength 106 7.0 GUY ASSEMBLIES 106 7.1 Scope 106 7.2 Definitions 106 7.3 Cables 107 7.4 End Attachments 107 7.5 Guy Dampers 108 7.6 Design 108 7.7 Manufacture 109 7.8 Installation 110 8.0 INSULATORS 110 8.1 Scope 110 ANSI
34、/TIA-222-G 38.2 Design 110 8.3 Manufacture 111 9.0 FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORAGES 111 9.1 Scope 111 9.2 Definitions 111 9.3 Site Investigation 111 9.4 Design Strength 111 9.5 Displacements 112 9.6 Seismic Considerations 112 9.7 Frost Depth Considerations 112 9.8 Submerged Conditions 112 10.0 PROTECTIVE
35、GROUNDING 113 10.1 Scope 113 10.2 Definitions 113 10.3 General 113 10.4 Electrical Resistance 113 10.5 Grounding Materials 113 11.0 OBSTRUCTION MARKING 114 12.0 CLIMBING FACILITIES 114 12.1 Scope 114 12.2 Definitions 114 12.3 General 115 12.4 Strength Requirements 116 12.5 Dimensional Requirements 1
36、17 12.6 Climber Attachment Anchorages 117 12.7 Platforms 117 13.0 PLANS, ASSEMBLY TOLERANCES, AND MARKING 119 13.1 Scope 119 13.2 Plans 119 13.3 Tolerances 13.4 Marking 120 ANSI/TIA-222-G 414.0 MAINTENANCE AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT 120 14.1 Scope 120 14.2 Maximum Intervals 120 15.0 EXISTING STRUCTURE
37、S 120 15.1 Scope 120 15.2 Definitions 120 15.3 Classification 121 15.4 Changed Conditions Requiring a Structural Analysis 121 15.5 Structural Analysis 121 15.6 Exemptions 122 15.7 Modification of Existing Structures 123 16.0 INSTALLATION 123 ANNEX A: PROCUREMENT AND USER GUIDELINES (NORMATIVE) 124 A
38、NNEX B: U.S. COUNTY LISTINGS OF DESIGN CRITERIA (NORMATIVE) 128 ANNEX C: DESIGN WIND FORCE ON TYPICAL ANTENNAS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX D: TWIST AND SWAY LIMITATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ANTENNAS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX E: GUY RUPTURE (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX F: PRESUMPTIVE SOIL PARAMETERS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX G:
39、 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX H: ADDITIONAL CORROSION CONTROL (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX I: CLIMBER ATTACHMENT ANCHORAGES (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX J: MAINTAINANCE AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX K: MEASURING GUY TENSIONS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX L: WIND SPEED CONVERSIONS (NO
40、RMATIVE) 146 ANSI/TIA-222-G 5ANNEX M: SI CONVERSION FACTORS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANNEX N: REFERENCES (NORMATIVE) 146 APPENDIX 1: DESIGN CRITERIA MAPS (NORMATIVE) 146 ANSI/TIA-222-G 6Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas OBJECTIVE The objective of this Standard is to provide r
41、ecognized literature for antenna supporting structures and antennas pertaining to: (a) minimum load requirements as derived from ASCE 7-02, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures”, and (b) design criteria as derived from AISC-LRFD-99, “Load and Resistance Factor Design Specificatio
42、n for Structural Steel Buildings” and ACI 318-05, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete”. The information contained in this Standard was obtained from available sources and represents, in the judgment of the subcommittee, the accepted industry minimum structural standards for the desig
43、n of antenna supporting structures and antennas. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be relied upon for a specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer.
44、 This Standard utilizes loading criteria based on an annual probability and is not intended to cover all environmental conditions which could exist at a particular location. When this Standard is adapted for international use, it is necessary to determine the appropriate basic wind speeds (3-second
45、gust), wind on ice loads, and earthquake accelerations at the site location based on local data. Equivalent International System of Units (SI) are given in square brackets throughout this Standard. SI conversion factors have been provided in Annex M. Annex A provides procurement and user guidelines
46、to assist in specifying the requirements for a specific structure. The user is cautioned that site-specific loading requirements, if known, take precedence over the minimum requirements of this Standard. Site-specific data and requirements differing from those contained in this Standard are to be in
47、cluded in the procurement specifications for the structure. This Standard is intended to cover the requirements for most structural antennas and antenna-supporting structures, but recognizes that structures that are unusual for their height or shape, or for the shape and size of individual members,
48、or located at sites having unusual geological or climatic conditions may require additional considerations. In these cases, a rational design based on theory, analysis, knowledge of local conditions and sound engineering practice, shall be used. The design shall be carried out by an engineer qualifi
49、ed in the specific design methods and materials to be used, and shall provide a level of safety and performance equal to or better than that implicit in this Standard. SCOPE This Standard provides the requirements for the structural design and fabrication of new and the modification of existing structural antennas, antenna-supporting structures, mounts, structural components, guy assemblies, insulators and foundations. This Standard is based on limit states design. It is applicable mainly to steel structures but may also be applied to other materials, when required, so as to provi
