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23、17 ANSI/TIA-PN-440-C - i - 1 FIBER OPTIC TERMINOLOGY 2 3 4 5 FOREWORD ii 6 1 SCOPE . 1 7 2 TERMS Optical Cavity. 132 133 134 June 2017 ANSI/TIA-PN-440-C - 3 - Active Star Coupler 135 Device in which power from one or several input fibers is distributed amongst a larger number 136 of output optical f
24、ibers with gain or regeneration. 137 See also: Optical Combiner; Star Coupler. 138 139 Adapter 140 The double female portion of a fiber optic connector assembly that joins two male connector 141 plugs. 142 143 Adapter Sleeve 144 The element within an optical adapter that aligns the plugs or ferrules
25、 of two mating connector 145 plugs. 146 147 Adaptive Optics 148 The development and use of optical components whose characteristics are controlled during 149 their operational use in order to modify the characteristics of lightwaves propagating within 150 them. Controlled lightwave characteristics i
26、nclude wavefront direction, polarization, modal 151 power distribution, electromagnetic field strength, or the path they take. 152 153 Adjustable Attenuator 154 An optical attenuator in which the level of attenuation is varied with an internal adjustment 155 through external control. 156 Synonym: Va
27、riable Attenuator. 157 158 Alien Far-end Crosstalk Loss 159 The unwanted signal coupling from a disturbing pair of a 4-pair channel, permanent link, or 160 component to a disturbed pair of another 4-pair channel, permanent link, or component, 161 measured at the far-end. 162 163 Alien Limited Signal
28、-to-Noise Ratio 164 Ratio derived from measurements of the cable insertion loss and alien crosstalk. 165 166 Alien Near-end Crosstalk Loss 167 Unwanted signal coupling from a disturbing pair of a 4-pair channel, permanent link, or 168 component to a disturbed pair of another 4-pair channel, permanen
29、t link, or component, 169 measured at the near-end. 170 171 Alien Near-end Crosstalk Loss, Power Sum 172 The power sum of the unwanted signal coupling from multiple disturbing pairs of one or more 4-173 pair channels, permanent links, or components to a disturbed pair of another 4-pair channel, 174
30、permanent link, or component, measured at the near-end. 175 176 Aligned Bundle 177 A bundle of optical fibers in which the relative spatial coordinates of each fiber are the same at 178 the two ends of the bundle. 179 NOTE: The term “Coherent Bundle“ is often employed as a synonym, and should not be
31、 180 confused with phase coherence or spatial coherence. An aligned bundle is often used 181 to conduct images. 182 Synonym: Coherent Bundle. 183 See also: Fiber Bundle. 184 ANSI/TIA-PN-440-C - 4 - 185 Alpha Profile 186 See also: Power-Law Index Profile. 187 188 Alternative Test Method (ATM) 189 A t
32、est method in which a given characteristic of a specified component or device is measured in 190 a manner that is consistent with the definition of the characteristic, gives reproducible results 191 that are relatable to the reference test method, and is relatable to practical use. 192 193 Ambient L
33、ight Susceptibility 194 The optical power that enters a device from ambient illumination incident upon the device. 195 196 Angle of Deviation 197 In optics, the net angular deflection experienced by a light ray after one or more refractions or 198 reflections. 199 NOTE: The term is generally used in
34、 reference to prisms, assuming air interfaces. The angle 200 of deviation is then the angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray. 201 See also: Reflection; Refraction. 202 203 Angle of Incidence 204 The angle between an incident ray and the normal to a reflecting or refracting surface. 205
35、See also: Critical Angle; Total Internal Reflection; Angle of Reflection 206 The angle formed between the normal to a surface and the reflected ray. The angle lies in a 207 common plane with the angle of incidence and is equal to it. 208 209 Angle of Refraction 210 The angle formed between a refract
36、ed ray and the normal to the surface. 211 212 Angstrom 213 A unit of length in optical measurement. 214 215 1 = 10-10 meter. = 10-4 micrometer. = 10-1 nanometer. NOTE: The angstrom has been used historically in the field of optics, but it is not an SI 216 (International System) unit. 217 218 Angular
37、 Misalignment Loss 219 The optical power loss caused by angular deviation from the optimum alignment of source to 220 optical fiber, fiber to fiber, or fiber to detector. 221 See also: Extrinsic Joint Loss; Gap Loss; Intrinsic Joint Loss; Lateral Offset Loss. 222 223 Angular Offset Loss 224 See also
38、: Angular Misalignment Loss 225 226 Anisotropic 227 Pertaining to a material whose electrical or optical properties are different for different directions 228 of propagation or different polarizations of a traveling wave. 229 See also: Isotropic. 230 June 2017 ANSI/TIA-PN-440-C - 5 - 231 Antireflect
39、ion Coating 232 A thin, dielectric or metallic film (or several such films) applied to an optical surface to reduce 233 the reflectance and thereby increase the transmittance. 234 NOTE: The ideal value of the refractive index of a single layered film is the square root of the 235 product of the refr
40、active indices on either side of the film, the ideal optical thickness 236 being one quarter of a wave-length. 237 See also: Dichroic Filter; Fresnel Reflection; Reflectance; Transmittance. 238 239 Array Cable 240 See also: Array Connector Cable. 241 242 Array Connector (multi-fiber connector) 243 A
41、 single ferrule connector that contains multiple optical fibers arranged in a row or in rows and 244 columns. 245 246 Array Connector Cable 247 A length of optical fiber cable with array connector(s) on each end. 248 249 Array Patch Cord 250 A patch cord with array connector(s) on each end. 251 252
42、Attenuation 253 Reduction in strength of a signal 254 255 NOTE: In an optical fiber, attenuation results from absorption, scattering, and other radiation. 256 Attenuation is generally expressed in dB. However, attenuation is often used as a synonym for 257 attenuation coefficient, expressed in dB/km
43、. See also: Attenuation Coefficient; Coupling 258 Loss; Differential Mode Attenuation; Equilibrium Mode Distribution; Extrinsic Joint Loss; 259 Insertion Loss; Intrinsic Joint Loss; Leaky Mode; Macrobend Loss; Material Scattering; 260 Microbend Loss. 261 262 Attenuation Coefficient 263 The rate of d
44、iminution of average optical power with respect to distance along the fiber. 264 1010)0()( zPzP 265 266 Where P(z) is the power at distance z along the guide and P(0) is the power at z = 0; is the 267 attenuation coefficient in dB/km if z is in km. From this equation, 268 269 )0( )(log10 10 P zPz 27
45、0 271 272 273 274 275 ANSI/TIA-PN-440-C - 6 - This assumes that is independent of z; if otherwise, the definition is given in terms of 276 incremental attenuation as: 277 278 z dzzPzP 0 10)(10)0()( 279 280 or, equivalently, 281 282 )0( )(log10)( 10 P zPdzdz 283 284 See also: Attenuation; Attenuation
46、 Constant; Axial Propagation Constant 285 286 Attenuation Constant. 287 For a particular mode, the real part of the axial propagation constant. The attenuation 288 coefficient for the mode power is twice the attenuation constant. 289 See also: Attenuation Coefficient; Axial Propagation Constant; Pro
47、pagation Constant. 290 291 Attenuation-Limited Operation 292 The condition prevailing when the received signal amplitude (rather than distortion) limits 293 performance. 294 See also: Bandwidth-Limited Operation; Distortion-Limited Operation. 295 296 Attenuation to Alien Crosstalk Ratio Far-end 297
48、The difference, in dB, between the alien far-end crosstalk from a disturbing pair of a 4-pair 298 channel, permanent link, or component, and the insertion loss of the disturbed pair in another 4-299 pair channel, permanent link, or component. 300 301 Avalanche Photodiode (APD) 302 A photodiode desig
49、ned to take advantage of avalanche multiplication of photocurrent. 303 NOTE: As the reverse-bias voltage approaches the breakdown voltage, hole-electron pairs 304 created by absorbed photons acquire sufficient energy to create additional hole-305 electron pairs when they collide with ions; thus a multiplication (signal gain) is achieved. 306 See also: APD; Photodiode; PIN Photodiode, Average Wavelength, Mode (a) 307
