1、TIASTANDARDFOTP-194Measurement of Fiber Pushback inOptic Connectors TIA-455-194January 2000 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-194-1999 Approved: December 8, 1999 Reaffirmed: April 21, 2008 NOTICETIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public intere
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6、ions before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-2761, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4 Fiber Optics, FO-4.3 Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Components.) Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlin
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22、 USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA/455-194iFOTP-194Measurement of fiber pushback in optical connectorsContentsForeword.iii1 Introduction. 12 Normative references 23 Apparatus 34 Sampling and specimens 55 Procedures 66 Calcu
23、lations or interpretation of results. 77 Documentation. 78 Specification information. 8Annex A Informative references. 9Annex B - Comparison between this FOTP and IEC or ITU-T requirements 10Figure 1 - Radiused zirconia blank loading a connector endface . 4Figure 2 - Connector mounting fixture for l
24、oad application 5TIA/EIA/455-194iiThis page left blank.TIA/EIA/455-194iiiFOTP-194Measurement of fiber pushback in optical connectorsForeword(This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard.)This document comes from TIA Standards Proposal No. 3882, formulated under thecognizance of
25、 FO-6, Committee on Fiber Optics and FO-6.3, Subcommittee on FiberOptic Interconnecting Devices.This Specification forms a part of the series of test procedures included withinRecommended Standard EIA/TIA-455.There are two annexes, which are informative.Key words: optical connector reliability, fibe
26、r pushback, adhesive, adhesive reliability,epoxy, connector endface geometry.TIA/EIA/455-194ivThis page left blank.TIA/EIA/455-1941FOTP-194Measurement of fiber pushback in optical connectors1 Introduction1.1 IntentThe intent of this test is to determine the ability of an adhesive to adequately lock
27、theoptical fiber into a stable, fixed position in an optical connector when the connector ismated under load. The test may be used to measure fiber pushback under simulatedloading conditions, or to compare the performance of different adhesive formulationsand/or connector assembly procedures.1.2 Sco
28、peThis test measures fiber pushback, defined as permanent or semipermanent fiber motionunder load. It does not include temporary fiber movement relative to the ferrule due totemperature variations, or permanent fiber withdrawal that occurs when no load is present.The test applies to any type of opti
29、cal connector in which a fiber is affixed into a ferrule bymeans of an adhesive.This test is limited to cylindrical radiused ferrules with non-angled endfaces.To perform this test procedure, the user must have the capability of measuring the fiberposition relative to the ferrule to within the accura
30、cy required by the Detail Specification.Contacting or non-contacting interferometers are the typical types of measurementequipment used.1.3 BackgroundThis test was developed because excessive, permanent fiber pushback can result in lossof physical contact at the connector endfaces, particularly if c
31、onnectors are disconnectedand remated in a different configuration. In certain applications, the resulting increased lossand reflectance due to a gap at the fiber-fiber interface can cause unacceptable systemperformance degradation.Typical causes of fiber pushback may include, but are not limited to
32、, the following:- inappropriate choice of adhesive for the application/environment,TIA/EIA/455-1942-improper connector assembly procedures (dirt or grease contamination, adhesiveshelf life out of date, pot life exceeded, etc.),-incomplete or improper adhesive cure,-incomplete epoxy fill between the
33、fiber and ferrule.1.4 HazardsThis method may involve the use of adhesives for sample preparation, which may behazardous, and users of this FOTP should consult the Materials Safety Data Sheets for thematerials they are using and follow appropriate safety procedures. This test method doesnot purport t
34、o address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of the method to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 SummaryThe test method consists of a measurement of the fiber
35、 position relative to the ferrule,followed by aging while the connector endface is under load, to simulate the spring-loadingforces in a mated optical connector. The aging occurs under exposure to environmentalconditions and for a length of time, which are specified in the Detail Specification. Afte
36、raging, the load is removed from the connector and the fiber position relative to the ferrule isremeasured. The change in fiber position must be less than that specified in the DetailSpecification.2 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the followin
37、greferences:EIA/TIA-455-B, Standard test procedures for fiber optic fibers, cables, transducers,sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and other fiber optic components.TIA/EIA/455-19433 Apparatus3.1 Measurement of fiber position relative to ferrule endfaceThe measurement of the fiber position
38、relative to the ferrule endface is to be completedbefore and after the fiber pushback test. The measurements shall be made undercontrolled ambient conditions to ensure that the measured change is due to pushback andnot temperature or humidity effects.3.2 Fiber loading piece partsThe load to the conn
39、ector piece parts shall be applied by means of solid zirconia blanks ofnominally the same ferrule O.D. as the ceramic ferrule connector (2.499 mm). Ceramicalignment tubes shall be used to align the solid zirconia blanks to the fiber/ferrule of theoptical connector. The alignment tube I.D. shall be l
40、arge enough so that friction of theloading zirconia blank inside the tube is negligible, but small enough so that the zirconiablank is well-centered (to within 5 m) on the test specimen. Typical values would be aferrule O.D. of 2.499 mm. and a tube I.D. of 2.502 mm (+4 m,-0 m).Figure 1 shows the des
41、ign for a zirconia blank, which has a radiused tip. A radius of 30mm shall be used unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification. The apex offsetshould be less than or equal to 5 m. The load should be applied along the vertical axis.TIA/EIA/455-1944Figure 1. Radiused zirconia blank loading
42、a connector endface.3.3 Loading fixtureThe fixture to apply the load may be of any design, which will enable a known, controlledload to be applied to the zirconia blank. One such design is shown inFigure 2.RADIUSEDZIRCONIA BLANKCONNECTORFERRULEOPTICAL FIBERADHESIVEALIGNMENT TUBELOADTIA/EIA/455-1945F
43、igure 2. Connector mounting fixture for load application.4 Sampling and specimensA test sample shall consist of optical connectors or connector subassemblies. The criticalpart of the connector required for the test is the fiber/ferrule subassembly. The initialendface geometry of the samples, includi
44、ng the fiber position relative to the ferrule, theferrule radius of curvature, and the apex offset shall be specified in the Detail Specification.If this test is used for product acceptance, the ferrule samples shall be selected randomlyso that the results are representative of the product populatio
45、n. If the test is used todetermine the effect of a particular ferrule parameter (for example, endface radius), thatparameter shall be measured and controlled at several nominal values within stated limitsBASEPLATEHINGEWEIGHTFIBER PIGTAILCONNECTORMOUNTING PLATEPROTECTIVE CAPLEVER ARMSUPPORT POSTALIGN
46、MENTTUBEZIRCONIABLANKTIA/EIA/455-1946(or recorded and analyzed as a co-variate) while all others are allowed to vary randomlywithin production limits.5 Procedures5.1 PreconditioningUnless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, precondition the test specimens fora minimum period of 24 hours
47、 under the controlled atmospheric condition of EIA/TIA-455-B.5.2 Measurement of fiber position relative to the ferruleMeasure the fiber position relative to the ferrule before undergoing the test.5.3 Fiber pushback testThe fiber pushback test includes the following steps:5.3.1 Specimen mountingMount
48、 the connector or connector subassembly in the mounting fixture, with the ferruleinserted in the alignment tube. Mate the zirconia blank against the connector test specimenand apply the load. Typical loads applied range from 0.7 kg to 1.5 kg.5.3.2 Test exposureExpose the connector or connector subas
49、sembly, mounted in the fixture, to theenvironmental test condition and for the length of time described in the Detail Specification.The test temperature is usually the maximum operating temperature expected for theferrule assembly (typically 65 C for outside plant conditions). Most of the fiber pushbackwill occur over the first few hours; the typical exposure time is 24 hours.5.3.3 Specimen removalRemove the test fixture from the environmental test condition and allow it to equilibrate toroom temperature before removing the load.5.4 Measurement of fiber position rel
