1、 TIA STANDARD FOTP-239 Fiber Optic Splice Loss Measurement Methods TIA-455-239 April 2007TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION ANSI/TIA-455-239 Approved: April 23, 2007 Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance NOTICE TIA Engineering Standa
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6、ices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. From Project No. 3-0223, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.3 Committee on Fiber Optics, FO-4.3 Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Components. Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
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22、SSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA-455-239 FOTP-239 Fiber Optic Splice Loss Measurement Methods Contents Foreword ii 1 Introduction
23、 1 1.1 Intent . 1 1.2 Applicability 2 2 Normative references 2 3 Apparatus 2 3.1 Light source. 2 3.2 Source monitoring equipment 3 3.3 Cladding mode stripper 3 3.4 High order mode filter 4 3.5 Detection equipment 4 3.6 Test Set up and Stability 5 3.7 Assessment of Test Repeatability and Reproducibil
24、ity 5 4 Sampling and specimens 6 4.1 Test sample. 6 4.2 Splice preparation 6 4.3 Test sample specifications. 6 4.4 Test sample length 7 4.5 Test sample deployment 7 4.6 Test conditions 7 5 Loss Test Procedures 7 5.1 Procedure A: in-line method . 7 5.2 Procedure B: add-on method 8 5.3 Procedure C: in
25、serted section . 9 5.4 Number of required readings. 10 6 Calculations or interpretation of results 10 7 Documentation 10 8 Specification information 12 Literature References 14 Annex A (informative) 14 A1. IEC 15 A2. ITU-T. 15 A3. Gage R&R Method 15 TIA/EIA-455-239 FOTP-239 Fiber Optic Splice Loss M
26、easurement Methods Foreword (This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard.) This document comes from TIA Project SP-3-0223 and was formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-4.3, Subcommittee on Passive Optical Devices and Components. This FOTP is part of the series of test proc
27、edures included within Recommended Standard EIA/TIA-455. NOTE This is the first and original issue of this FOTP. There is one informative Annex. Key words: insertion loss, single mode fiber, fusion splice, identical fiber, dissimilar fiber, measurement reproducibility TIA/EIA-455-239 This page left
28、blank. TIA/EIA-455-239 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Intent Two general needs are addressed by this standard. First, there is a need for generally accepted methods for accurate measurement of low loss splices, defined as those with insertion losses typically 0.05 dB or less. Second, it is desirable to have a
29、 generally accepted method to evaluate the performance of splicing equipment, systems, or methods designed or intended to make low loss splices. This procedure defines methods by which the optical insertion loss of a low loss splice between two optical fibers can be measured. There are three procedu
30、res that may be used. In the first, sometimes referred to as “in-line”, optical power is first measured through a continuous length of fiber or cable. The fiber is then cut without removing the end from the power monitoring equipment, a low loss splice is made to rejoin it, and the power is re-measu
31、red. In the second procedure, known as “add-on”, optical power is initially measured through a first fiber. A second fiber is then spliced to the first and the power is re-measured emerging from the end of the second fiber. In the third method, power is first measured through a continuous length of
32、fiber or cable, and it is cut without removing the end from the power monitoring equipment. A second piece of fiber is then inserted and spliced onto the cut ends (two splices), and the change in output power is measured as the loss of the two splices. These procedures are similar to, and rely subst
33、antially on, FOTP-34, Interconnection Device Insertion Loss Test. The principal differences are that the present FOTP-239 procedures are intended for measurements on very low loss splices (typically made with identical fibers) as well as higher loss splices made with dissimilar fiber types, and thes
34、e procedures are not intended for multimode fibers. In addition, this standard addresses the assessment of the measurement capability of the loss test equipment and measurement set-up. The results of this test method are not directly comparable with those of FOTP-171 (a cable assembly test), which i
35、s sometimes used to evaluate connector loss. This standard tests a complete splice comprising normal parts, whereas FOTP-171 tests the interconnection loss of one normal part (half of a connection) mated with a reference quality part, which has been selected for near perfection of fiber and connecto
36、r attributes. TIA/EIA-455-239 2 1.2 Applicability These procedures are intended for low loss splices between matched or mismatched single mode fibers only. 2 Normative references Test or inspection requirements and definitions may include, but are not limited to, the following references: TIA/EIA-44
37、0-B Fiber optic terminology FOTP-34A (TIA/EIA-455-34B) Interconnection device insertion loss test FOTP-57 (TIA/EIA-455-57B) Optical fiber end preparation and examination FOTP-77 (EIA/TIA-455-77) Procedures to qualify a higher-order mode filter for measurements on single mode fiber FOTP-171 (TIA/EIA-
38、455-171B) Attenuation by substitution measurement - for short-length multimode graded-index and single mode optical fiber cable assemblies TIA/EIA-455-B Standard Test Procedure for Standard Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Components 3 A
39、pparatus 3.1 Light source 3.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, use a light source that meets all, or any of, the following requirements: TIA/EIA-455-239 3 Fiber type Center wavelength Spectral width Class IVa single mode 131030 nm 140 nm Class IVb single mode 155030 nm 150 n
40、m Class IVb single mode 162530 nm 150 nm 3.1.2 Source stability Unless otherwise permitted by the Detail Specification, the light source output intensity variability shall be 10% of the minimum expected attenuation to be measured. The source should be allowed to stabilize for a period sufficient to
41、meet the above criterion, prior to assessing the source stability or performing loss measurements. Assessment of the source stability should be conducted over a time period not less than that anticipated for measuring the loss of a sample, including the reference and any repeat measurements (see sub
42、clause 3.7 for the methodology of the stability assessment). The source stability should be re-assessed periodically and at a minimum before and after loss measurements have been completed. Significant change in power level may require further time to stabilize. If adequate source stability cannot b
43、e assured, the source output shall be monitored by a detector to allow the power measurements to be corrected. The corrected power, using the source monitor, shall also comply with the above stability criteria. Connection of test sample to light source The first or input or reference fiber sample sh
44、ould remain connected to the light source for the duration of the test. 3.2 Source monitoring equipment If adequate stability of the optical source cannot be assured, use apparatus capable of monitoring the source output continuously with 0.001 dB resolution. If branching devices are used for the pu
45、rpose of monitoring power from a single input fiber, take care to ensure that polarization effects between the branches are not significant. Test equipment that ratiometrically corrects test sample power readings for source power fluctuations, producing a single stabilized reading, reduces the numbe
46、r of required readings and simplifies the calculations. 3.3 Cladding mode stripper Remove light from cladding modes in the test sample. Often the fiber coating is sufficient to perform this function. Otherwise, it will be necessary to use cladding mode strippers near the optical source and detector.
47、 If distinct cladding mode strippers are used, apply them directly to the fiber cladding and avoid microbending at these sites. TIA/EIA-455-239 4 3.4 High order mode filter If higher order modes are capable of propagating to the detector, as may sometimes be the case with some coatings and very shor
48、t lengths of fiber, locate high order mode filters both before and after the splice. Often a single 30 mm diameter loop of fiber will suffice. See FOTP-77. At a minimum, it is recommended that 30 mm loops are made in the fiber exiting the source. 3.5 Detection equipment 3.5.1 Use of integrating sphe
49、re The detection equipment, such as a lock-in amplifier or optical power meter, shall be capable of measuring all guided-mode optical power emitted from the test sample. If there is any doubt, but particularly with fibers of NA higher than 0.12, the detector shall be equipped with an integrating sphere. 3.5.2 Detector linearity The detector shall be linear in optical power response consistent with the accuracy required for the measurement. Detector linearity is difficult to verify over the range of very low losses (0 to 0.1 dB) because calibrated low loss
