1、 TIA-455-31-C (Revision of TIA-455-31-B) September 1994FOTP-31 Proof Testing Optical Fibers by Tension ANSI/TIA-455-31-C-1994 APPROVED: SEPTEMBER 21, 1994 REAFFIRMED: FEBRUARY 8, 1999 REAFFIRMED: MAY 10, 2005 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 2, 2013 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed t
2、o serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence o
3、f such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members
4、, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adop
5、ting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicabi
6、lity of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project No. 3-3-4420-RF3, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-42 Telecommunications Cabling Systems, TR-42.12 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Technology (b) there is no ass
7、urance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of inte
8、llectual property rights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the ho
9、lder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are i
10、nstead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or
11、 its contents. If the Document contains one or more Normative References to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards (whether designated as a standard, specification, recommendation or otherwise), whether such refe
12、rence consists of mandatory, alternate or optional elements (as defined in the TIA Engineering Manual, 4thedition) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of any other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating to any such Normative Reference; (ii) TIAs p
13、olicy of encouragement of voluntary disclosure (see Engineering Manual Section 6.5.1) of Essential Patent(s) and published pending patent applications shall apply; and (iii) Information as to claims of IPR in the records or publications of the other SSO shall not constitute identification to TIA of
14、a claim of Essential Patent(s) or published pending patent applications. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the contents of the Docum
15、ent. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
16、 RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFER
17、RED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTI
18、AL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES
19、 IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIN-455-31 C FOTP-31 PROOF TESTING OPTICAL FIBERS BY TENSION CONTENTS 1 . INTRODUCTION 3 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . 3 3 . APPARATUS 4 3.1 General Operating Requirem
20、ents . 4 3.2 Equipment Examples . 5 4 . SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS 9 5 . PROCEDURE 10 6 . CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS . 10 . 7 . DOCUMENTATION 10 8 . SPECIFICATION INFORMATION . 11 FIGURE 1 . BRAKED-CAPSTAN TYPE 6 FIGURE 2 . DEAD-WEIGHT TYPE : . 8 ANNEX A . SUBPROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING MA
21、CHINE SPEED AND TENSION LOAD 12 ANNEX B . COMPARISON BETWEEN THIS FOTP AND IEC OR CCITT REQUIREMENTS 15 ANNEX C . REFERENCES . 17 1 TIA5-31 C FOTP-31 PROOF TESTING OPTICAL FIBERS BY TENSION (From TIA Standards Proposal No. 3148, formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.6, Subcommittee on Optical
22、Fibers and Materials.) This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard ElMIA-455. NOTE - This FOTP was previously published in ElMIA-455-31 B as FOTP-31. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 This test method describes procedures for briefly applying a specified tensile load to
23、 continuous lengths of all Class I and Class IV, glass/giass optical fibers. This FOTP should not be applied to Class II (glass/plastic) and Class III (all-plastic) fibers. 1.2 This method is intended to ensure a minimum strength for fiber that survives proof testing. The minimum strength is a key p
24、arameter for determining the minimum survival time at loads less than the minimum strength. 1.3 This method is intended to ensure a minimum strength for fiber that survives proof testing. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS EIA/TIA-455-A, Standard Test Procedures for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables, Transducers, Sen
25、sors, Connecting and Terminating Devices, and Other Fiber Optic Components FOTP-76 (TIA/EIA-455-76), Method for Measurement of Dynamic Fatigue of Optical Fibers by Tension TSB-61 ,l) Power-Law Theory of Optical Fiber Reliability )To be published at a later date. 3 TINEIA-455-31 C 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Ge
26、neral Operating Requirements There are several possible machine designs, all of which perform the following basic functions with the indicated general operating requirements. Take care in the design so as to prevent coating damage by either excessive proof stress or the possibility of debris in the
27、proof-test region. 3.1.1 Fiber Payout Tensile-load variations shall be isolated from the proof-test region so as not to cause variations in the proof load. See 3.1.2.2. 3.1.2 Proof-Test Region With the exception of additional bend stress of up to 10% of the proof stress, the proof stress shall be ap
28、plied uniformly through the cross-sectional area of the test sample. The load-bearing members in this region shall be substantially noncompliant (e. g., made of steel). 3.1.2.1 The length of, and the linear velocity in, the unload region shall be such that the fiber unload time shall not exceed the
29、value determined in A.2.1. 3.1.2.2 The tension-producing mechanism(s) shall be such that, during testing, the proof stress does not fluctuate below the value determined in A.2.1. 3.1.3 Fiber Takeup Tensile-load variations shall be isolated from the proof-test region so as not to cause variations in
30、the proof load. See 3.1.2.2. 3.1.4 Load and Unload Regions These regions occur on both sides of the proof-test region. Tension in the fiber ramps up from near-zero, in the payout region, to the full load in the proof-test region. Tension in the fiber then ramps down, from the proof-test region, to n
31、ear-zero in the takeup region. Ramping up and ramping down shall be accomplished as linearly as possible, and within the unload time requirements of A.2.1. 3.1.5 Minimum Bending Radii Ensure that the minimum fiber strength after proof testing is not degraded by excessive bending stresses imposed upo
32、n the test specimen by any guide surface. 4 TIN-455-31 C Accomplish this by ensuring that guide-surface radii are large enough that the maximum stress at the fiber surface due to bending, in combination with the loading and unloading times, maintain the ensured minimum fiber strength after proof tes
33、ting. 3.2 Equipment Examples The following examples illustrate some typical designs. Other designs may be used, provided the operating requirements in 3.1 are met. Either machine may be used during the fiber-drawing process (on-line - for coated fiber only), or as a separate process step (off-line).
34、 3.2.1 Braked-Capstan Type A specific apparatus illustrating the above requirements is shown in figure 1. 3.2.1.1 Payout The fiber sample is payed out under constant tension; otherwise, tension variations in payout may be superimposed on the proof-test load, causing loading variations and momentary
35、overloading. 3.2.1.2 Takeup The takeup is capable of spooling fiber so that a constant frictional contact with the capstan drums is maintained. Note that the fiber is able to be spooled at low tension. 3.2.1.3 Proof Tester The proof tester is made of two dual-canted capstans: a brake capstan and a d
36、rive capstan. A friction coating on the drums is used to prevent fiber slippage, without damaging the fiber coating. The top and bottom drums of each pair are mechanically synchronized. 3.2.1.4 Brake The proof load is applied by braking the first set of capstans. The braking action is smooth and eve
37、n and is kept constant throughout the test. 3.2.1.5 Drive The drive motor provides smooth motion over the desired range of speeds. Set-speed is held constant to maintain constant proof loading. 5 TINEIA-455-31 C VAR I AB LE MAGNETIC TORQUE LE3 GUIDE FIBER IN TEST PROOF- 7 -0 + I STEPPING MOTOR DRIVE
38、 ADJUSTABLE TORQUE MOTOR GUIDE STAGEI muxll STAGEII STAGEIV Cons tant- Fiber is Fiber is Spooling tension brought up brought down mechanism payout to the proof from the test stress proof test stress FIGURE 1 0 BRAKED-CAPSTAN TYPE 6 TINEIA-455-31 C , 3.2.1.6 Fiber Guides Pulleys guide the fiber onto
39、the first drum and off the last drum. The top capstan drums are canted slightly so that the fiber does not rub against itself as it returns to the bottom drum. 3.2.2 Dead-Weight Type Another specific apparatus illustrating the above requirements is shown in figure 2. 3.2.2.1 Payout Subassembly This
40、subassembly pays out fiber from a reel under constant, near-zero, holdback tension. The payout subassembly has various guide rollers and pulleys, plus a motorized traversing mechanism. 3.2.2.2 Payout Dancer Pulley The payout dancer pulley is light in weight and keeps the sample under just enough ten
41、sion to run straight and true to the proof-test region, with minimum tension fluctuations. 3.2.2.3 Payout Capstan The payout capstan is the start of the proof-test region. This capstan is driven and synchronized with the takeup capstan. It also performs the length-metering function. 3.2.2.4 Capstan
42、Pinch Belts These two belts are required to hold the fiber sample firmly against the payout and takeup capstans so that there is no slippage at the entrance to, and exit from, the proof-test region. 3.2.2.5 Dead-Weight Dancer Pulley The dancer pulley may consist of two pulleys, one behind the other
43、on a common shaft. (The second pulley is optional, however.) The fiber is fed first to the rear pulley, then back up to the idler pulley (see 3.2.2.8), back down to the front dancer pulley and up to the takeup capstan. 7 TINEIA-455-31 C p. w Y u3 W m 3 I u a Z z s p. U I E 4 W E z t- I (3 d a l N w
44、U 3 (3 TINEIA-455-31 C 3.2.2.6 Load Arm The load arm is attached to the shaft of the dead-weight dancer pulley and down to the dead weight itself. The load arm is adjustable to zero balance. It is pivoted and actuates a sensor that signals the drive capstan either to increase or decrease speed, depe
45、nding on the position of the load arm. Since both drives are controlled from a common reference, load-arm movement is negligible because the arm seeks a neutral position when the machine is at any operating speed. 3.2.2.7 Dead Weight At the bottom of the load arm is a thin plate. Weights, such as th
46、ose commonly used on bench beam scales, are added to the plate to produce the required actual proof load as determined by the subprocedure given in annex A. 3.2.2.8 Idler Pulley The idler pulley, which is optional, provides increased gauge length of the fiber under test. No idler pulley is required
47、if there is only one dancer pulley (see 3.2.2.5). 3.2.2.9 Takeup Capstan The takeup capstan is at the end of the proof-test region. This is driven and synchronized with the payout capstan so that tension fluctuations are minimized. 3.2.2.1 O Takeup Dancer Pulley The takeup dancer pulley produces the
48、 desired winding tension of the fiber on the takeup reel. (The winding tension is low in comparison to the proof test and shall not be a part of the Detail Specification requirement.) 3.2.2.1 1 Takeup Subassembly This traversing subassembly takes up the fiber on a reel for final shipping or for furt
49、her processing. It has various guide rollers and pulleys to ensure even laydown of the fiber, at the desired tension level, so that the fiber will remain on the reel without cascading . 4. SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS The test specimen shall consist of the entire length of optical fiber, minus a maximum of 25 m (82 ft) at each end. Fiber at each end of the test specimen may not necessarily be subjected to the full test load, and may have an unloading time greater than that required to meet A.2.1. 9 TINEIA-455-31 C The Detail Specification shall specify whether or not the untested portio
