1、 TIASTANDARDFOTP-95Absolute Optical Power Test forOptical Fibers and CablesTIA-455-95-A(Revision of TIA/EIA-455-95)March 2000TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-95-A-2000Approved: Marc
2、h 30, 2000Reaffirmed: May 10, 2005 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selec
3、ting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither sha
4、ll the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not a
5、ssume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user o
6、f this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-3578-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.2 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECO
7、MMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-
8、800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This document is copyrighted by the TIA. Reproduction of these documents either in hard copy or soft copy (including posting o
9、n the web) is prohibited without copyright permission. For copyright permission to reproduce portions of this document, please contact TIA Standards Department or go to the TIA website (www.tiaonline.org) for details on how to request permission. Details are located at: http:/www.tiaonline.org/about
10、/faqDetail.cfm?id=18 OR Telecommunications Industry Association Standards (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any
11、editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published
12、pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR.
13、 TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or prac
14、tices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compli
15、ance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NON-INFRINGEMENT OF AN
16、Y THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONT
17、ENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT
18、, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE
19、S. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-455-95-AiFOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and CablesContentsForeword. iii1 Introduction12 Normative r
20、eferences 23 Apparatus 24 Sampling and specimens 35 Procedure36 Calculations or interpretation of results. 47 Documentation 48 Specification information. 5Annex A (informative) 6TIA-455-95-AiiThis page left blank.TIA-455-95-AiiiFOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and CablesForewo
21、rd(This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard. )From TIA Project No. 3578, formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO 6.7,Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Cables.This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard TIA/EIA-455.There is one annex.Ke
22、y words: optical power, power meter.TIA-455-95-AivThis page left blank.TIA-455-95-A1FOTP - 95Absolute Optical Power Test for Optical Fibers and Cables1 Introduction1.1 IntentThis procedure describes a method for determining the total optical poweremanating from an optical fiber.1.2 ScopeThis procedu
23、re may be used for, but is not limited to, measuring the attenuation ofthe fiber or cable, the loss of terminating devices or methods, the amount of opticalpower coupled into the fiber by a source, or the optical power at the systemreceiver.1.3 Bias and precisionThe bias of this method is a function
24、 of the dark noise of the optical power meter.Measurement bias can be optimized by selecting optical power meters with minimaldark noise.The measurement uncertainty of this method is a function of the measurementuncertainty of the optical power meter calibration. Power meters are typicallycalibrated
25、 to a 5 percent (0.22 dB) uncertainty.1.3.1 Single wavelength optical signals. For single wavelength optical signals,the uncertainty of the measurement depends on the measurement uncertainty ofthe optical power meter calibration, the relationship between the wavelength ofcalibration and the waveleng
26、th of the measured light, and the type of detector usedin the optical power meter. Near 1300 nm, measurement error may increase byapproximately 0.2 percent (.01 dB) per nanometer of difference between thecalibration wavelength and wavelength of the measured light.1.3.2 Broad spectrum optical signals
27、. For broad spectrum optical signals, theuncertainty of the measurement depends on the measurement uncertainty of thepower meter calibration, the relationship between the wavelength of calibration andthe central wavelength of the measured light, the spectral width of the opticalsignal, and the type
28、of detector used in the optical power meter. For power meterswith a 5 percent calibration uncertainty and a difference between the wavelength ofcalibration and the central wavelength of the measured light less than 20 nm,typical measurements of broad spectrum optical signals near 1300 have anuncerta
29、inty less than 9 percent (0.4 dB).TIA-455-95-A22 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the followingreferences:FOTP-57 (TIA/EIA-455-57B) Optical fiber end preparation and examination.FOTP-77 (TIA/EAI-455-77) Procedures to qualify a higher-order mode
30、 filterfor measurements on single mode fiber3 Apparatus3.1 Calibrated optical power meter or equivalent instrumentation3.1.1 Use an optical power meter capable of measuring optical power over anadequate dynamic range and at the wavelength(s) of light used in the system beingtested. The linearity of
31、the meter over its dynamic range and stability overvariations in environmental conditions shall be appropriate for the measurementuncertainty required. The optical power meter design shall minimize the effects ofambient light on the measurement.3.1.2 Calibrate the optical power meter at the proper w
32、avelengths in a manner thatis traceable to NIST Standards. The calibration wavelength shall be within 20 nmof the central wavelength of the optical signal being measured.3.1.3 The optical power meter may use a planar detector or integrating sphere. If aplanar detector is used, it shall be larger in
33、active area than the total spot projectedfrom the fiber, and the spatial uniformity shall be appropriate for the uncertainty ofthe measurement required. Care shall be taken not to exceed the power densitylimit of the detector or nonlinear measurements will result.3.2 PositionersProvide mounting hard
34、ware to position the optical fiber, with or without connectors,so that it is centered in front of and perpendicular to the radiation detector beingused. The fiber mounting hardware shall position the specimen firmly in front of thedetector being used but should not stress the fiber (to avoid introdu
35、cing bendinglosses). The mounting hardware shall minimize variations in the measurement withrotational alignment as well as with multiple insertions and shall minimize fiberconnector movement.TIA-455-95-A33.3 High order mode filterFor single mode measurements, when higher order modes may be present
36、in thefiber locate a higher order mode filter before the optical power meter. Often asingle 30 mm diameter loop will suffice. See FOTP-77.3.3 ToolsUse appropriate tools to prepare the end of the fiber being tested. See FOTP-57for guidance.4 Sampling and specimens4.1 The test sample shall consist of
37、an optical fiber illuminated by an appropriatesource of known central wavelength and spectral width as specified by thereferencing document.4.2 Sample preparation shall include proper fiber end preparation, including propercleaving in the case of a bare fiber connection or proper installation of a f
38、iber opticconnector. See FOTP-57 for guidance on fiber preparation and inspectionprocedures.Note: The test equipment and mounting hardware will determine the actualacceptability criteria for the fiber end.5 Procedure5.1 Firmly position the test specimen to ensure proper alignment with the detectorof
39、 the optical power meter, taking care to prevent any microbending losses that mayaffect measurement accuracy.5.2 Allow the power meter to stabilize and record the value (some meters havebuilt-in memory for this purpose).5.3 (Optional) In some cases it may be desirable to correct the power meterreadi
40、ng for ambient light or electronic noise. Remove the test specimen from thepower meter and cap the power meter input with an opaque cover. Allow the powermeter to stabilize and record the zero-light value.TIA-455-95-A46 Calculations or interpretation of results6.1 (Optional) The corrected power can
41、be determined as follows (all values areexpressed in milliwatts):Pc= Pu- Pzwhere: Puis the uncorrected power meter reading andPz is the zero-light power meter reading.Note: Correction of power meter readings can only be accomplished usinglinear power values (i.e. milliwatts). Always convert power me
42、terreading to linear power values before correction.6.2 Optical power can be expressed in either milliwatts (mW) or in decibelsreferenced to a standard value such as 1 mW (dBm). The relationshipbetween milliwatts and dBm is given by:PdBm= 10 log10(Pl)where : Plis the output power in milliwattsPdBmis
43、 the output power in dBm7 Documentation7.1 Report the following information for each test:7.1.1 Test Date7.1.2 Source central wavelength.7.1.3 Specimen identification.7.1.4 Measured optical power (mW or dBm)7.2 United States military applications require that the following information also bereporte
44、d for each test. For other (nonmilitary) application, this information need notbe reported but shall be available for review upon request.7.2.1 Test personnel.7.2.2 Test equipment used and the date of the most recent calibration.TIA-455-95-A57.2.3 Source spectral width and type.8 Specification infor
45、mationSpecify the following items in the referencing document:8.1 Wavelength(s) at which measurements are to be made.8.2 Maximum measurement uncertainty.8.3 Item to be tested.8.4 Deviations or special conditions.8.5 Failure or acceptance criteria.TIA-455-95-A6Annex A (informative)Comparison between
46、this FOTP and IEC or ITU/T requirementsTIAs FO-6 Committee and its various subcommittees have an established policy ofmaking every reasonable effort to “harmonize” its test methods with those of IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) and ITU-T (InternationalTelecommunication Union-Telecommun
47、ication Standardization Sector).A.1 IECThere are no references to any test equivalent to this FOTP known to exist in IECdocuments.A.2 ITU/TThere are no references to any test equivalent to this FOTP known to exist in ITU/Tdocuments.TIA-455-95-A7FOTP BACKGROUND DATAFIBER OPTIC TEST PROCEDURES PROPOSE
48、D AS ADDENDUMS TO EIA/TIA-455NOTE - This information is for background only and is not a permanent part of the FOTP beingballoted.FOTPnumber95ProjectnumberSP-3578Documentdate10/23/96Ballot levelFO-6 Committee X SP Standardsletter ballot ProposalTHIS FOTP IS: NEW X A REVISION OF A PUBLISHED DOCUMENTA
49、UTHOR AND/OR PREFERRED CONTACT (NAME,ADDRESS, TELEPHONE):Gair BrownNaval Surface Warfare Center Code B3517320 Dahlgren RoadDahlgren, VA 22448-5100(540)-653-1579SUBCOMMITTEE ORIGIN OF THISFOTP:SC: FO-6.7CHAIRPERSON: E. LoyttyFOTP SOURCES (Reference documents and other sources used in preparation of this FOTP):COMMERCIAL/MILITARY/FEDERAL TEST METHODS: TECHNICAL ARTICLES:OTHER SOURCE MATERIAL:PREVIOUS FOTP USAGE (Reference
