1、 TIA-902.BAAB-A September 2003Wideband Air Interface Scalable Adaptive Modulation (SAM) Physical Layer Specification- Public Safety Wideband Data Standards Project- Digital Radio Technical Standards ANSI/TIA-902.BAAB-A-2003 APPROVED: SEPTEMBER 23, 2003 REAFFIRMED: JANUARY 15, 2009 REAFFIRMED: OCTOBE
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18、REIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHER
19、WISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. SAM Physical Layer TIA-902.BAAB-A i Foreword (This foreword is not part o
20、f this standard.) This document has been published by the Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA) in accordance with the terms and conditions provided for in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) executed by and between the TIA, the Associated Public-Safety Communications Officials (APCO), the
21、 National Association of State Telecommunications Directors (NASTD), and the various agencies of the Federal government (FED). This TIA Standard is being promulgated and will be maintained by the TR-8.5 Signaling and Data Transmission committee, and working groups under the sponsorship of the Teleco
22、mmunications Industry Association. This document has been published as a TIA Standard because it contains useful technical information on emerging digital techniques for Land Mobile Radio Service. In particular, it describes the wideband air interface scalable adaptive modulation (SAM) physical laye
23、r technology. Generally, the wideband air interface was developed by TIA TR-8.5 to be consistent with the Statement of Requirements adopted by the National Coordination Committees Interoperability Subcommittee, WG6 Wideband Data. This document references that the primary user needs document will be
24、“APCO Project 25/34 Statement of Requirements (P34SOR)”. This physical layer specification provides a standard for the definition of control and transmission of high-speed digital information over 50, 100, and 150 kHz bandwidth physical radio media. The TIA makes no claims as to the applicability of
25、 the information contained in this document for any purpose although it is believed that the information will prove to be invaluable to designers of wideband data compliant equipment. Some aspects of the specifications contained in this document may not have been fully operationally tested; however,
26、 a great deal of time and good faith effort has been invested in the preparation of this document to ensure the accuracy of the information it contains. While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this document, it be understood that significant work remains in fully develo
27、ping the standard series and this document will be updated as necessary. TIA-902.BAAB-A SAM Physical Layer ii Patent Identification The readers attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this document may require the use of one or more inventions covered by patent rights. By publica
28、tion of this document, no position is taken with respect to the validity of those claims or any patent rights in connection therewith. The patent holders so far identified have, we believe, filed statements of willingness to grant licenses under those rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms
29、 and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. The following patent holders and patents have been identified in accordance with the TIA intellectual property rights policy: Motorola US 5,519,730; Communication signal having a time domain pilot component Motorola US 5,381,449; Peak t
30、o average power ratio reduction methodology for QAM communications systems Motorola US 5,343,499; Quadrature amplitude modulation synchronization method Motorola US 6,424,678; Scalable Pattern Methodology For Multi-Carrier Communication Systems TIA shall not be responsible for identifying patents fo
31、r which licenses may be required by this document or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. SAM Physical Layer TIA-902.BAAB-A iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE.1 2. TERMS 4 3. MODULATION6 3.1 GENERAL SAM DESCRIPTION. 6 3.2 SAM MODUL
32、ATOR 7 3.2.1 Symbol Generation.8 3.2.2 Symbol Constellations.9 3.2.3 Transmit-Pulse Shape Filter.12 3.2.4 Subchannel Mixers.15 4. INBOUND TDM SLOT WINDOWING.17 4.1 INTRODUCTION 17 4.2 TDM SLOT START WINDOW. 18 4.2.1 Start of Slot Pulse Shape Filter Discharging20 4.3 TDM SLOT END WINDOW 20 4.3.1 End
33、of Slot Symbol Flushing 21 5. INBOUND TDM SLOT AGC PREAMBLE.22 5.1 INTRODUCTION 22 5.2 AGC PREAMBLE DEFINITION 22 6. SYNCHRONIZATION PATTERN .25 6.1 INTRODUCTION 25 6.2 SYNCHRONIZATION PATTERN GENERATION . 25 7. TDM SLOT DESCRIPTIONS .27 7.1 INTRODUCTION 27 7.2 INBOUND SLOT FORMAT 28 7.2.1 Random Ac
34、cess Slot28 7.2.2 Reserved Access Slot 30 7.3 OUTBOUND SLOT FORMAT 31 7.4 TDM SLOT SYMBOL MAPPING 33 7.5 RADIO TO FNE DATA CONFIGURATION OPERATION. 39 7.5.1 Full Duplex RF Channel Operation39 7.5.2 TDM Temporal Offset (TDO) .39 7.6 RADIO TO RADIO DATA CONFIGURATION OPERATION 40 7.6.1 Simplex RF Chan
35、nel Operation.40 7.7 RADIO TO REPEATER TO RADIO DATA CONFIGURATION OPERATION 40 7.7.1 Full Duplex RF Channel Operation40 7.7.2 TDM Temporal Offset40 8. DEFINITION OF SYNCHRONIZATION AND PILOT SEQUENCES .41 8.1 INTRODUCTION 41 8.2 SYNCHRONIZATION SYMBOL DEFINITIONS 41 8.3 PILOT SYMBOL DEFINITIONS. 45
36、 8.3.1 Inbound Slot Pilot Symbol Definitions.45 TIA-902.BAAB-A SAM Physical Layer iv 8.3.2 Outbound Slot Pilot Symbol Definitions52 9. REFERENCES 57 ANNEX A PERFORMANCE FIGURES (INFORMATIVE).58 Table of Figures FIGURE 1. GENERAL WIDEBAND DATA SYSTEM MODEL. 1 FIGURE 2. RADIO TO FNE REFERENCE each sub
37、channel in general is not constrained to order the sync, pilot, and data subchannel symbols in the same manner. TIA-902.BAAB-A SAM Physical Layer 10 Sync/Pilot Locus 00 10 11 01 Figure 5. QPSK Symbol Constellation SAM Physical Layer TIA-902.BAAB-A 11 1000100110111010110011011111111001000101011101100
38、000000100110010Sync/PilotLocusFigure 6. 16QAM Symbol Constellation TIA-902.BAAB-A SAM Physical Layer 12 Sync/PilotLocus101000 111000 110000 010000 011000 001000 000000100000101001 111001 110001 010001 011001 001001 000001100001101011 111011 110011 010011 011011 001011 000011100011101010 111010 11001
39、0 010010 011010 001010 000010100010101110 111110 110110 010110 011110 001110 000110100110101111 111111 110111 010111 011111 001111 000111100111101101 111101 110101 010101 011101 001101 000101100101101100 111100 110100 010100 011100 001100 000100100100Figure 7. 64QAM Symbol Constellation 3.2.3 Transm
40、it-Pulse Shape Filter The symbol generator outputs a sequence of unit impulse functions weighted by the complex subchannel symbols at an instantaneous rate of 4800 symbols/second. The average rate is less for the inbound slot formats since the modulator does not run continuously. The sequence of uni
41、t impulse functions is band-limited by a pulse-shape filter with a root raised cosine transition characteristic in the frequency domain. The excess bandwidth factor is 0.2. SAM Physical Layer TIA-902.BAAB-A 13 2.4k 2.88k2.4k2.88k0.7071H(f) = root raised cosineT = 4800 symbols/sec = 0.2frequency Figu
42、re 8. Transmit Pulse-Shape Filter Frequency Response The physical implementation of this filter shall achieve a high-fidelity approximation of the frequency domain characteristic shown in Figure 8. This is to permit reduced system intersymbol interference (ISI) and improved frequency domain attenuat
43、ion outside the subchannel bandwidth and thereby reducing interference to adjacent SAM subchannels and adjacent channel users. Since the receiver uses a complementary root raised cosine filter with = 0.2, the composite channel response is a raised cosine transfer function for near-zero system ISI. T
44、he mathematical description of the frequency domain shape H(f) for the transmit pulse-shape filter is defined by the following equation: W |f|.W |f|W-2W ) W-(W)2W - W |f(| 4cosW-2W |f|.)( 0000 +=0001pfH TIA-902.BAAB-A SAM Physical Layer 14 The frequency domain specification H(f) of the transmit puls
45、e-shape filter results in a unique specification for the time domain impulse response h(t). Figure 9 shows a sample impulse response. Time ts0 in Figure 9, the peak of the impulse response for the first modulated symbol in a slot, is an important parameter in the SAM modulation specification. It def
46、ines the time reference at the start of modulation when all subchannel mixers are at their initial phase values of 0 radians. The phase relationship of the subchannel mixers to the sync and pilot subchannel symbols is important in SAM modulation for two reasons. The first and most important reason c
47、oncerns the sync pattern generation. The phase relationship of the sync subchannel symbol vectors to the instantaneous subchannel mixer phasors at sync pattern modulation time shall be controlled to correctly generate the sync pattern. The second reason concerns modulation peak to average power rati
48、o reduction. By exercising control over the phase relationship of the subchannel mixers to the pilot subchannel symbols, the pilots may be individually rotated to achieve a reduced peak-to-average power ratio for the composite SAM modulation. Rotating the pilots in this manner is called pilot phasin
49、g. The pilot phasing mechanism may be visualized as aligning the vectors such that the output from the subchannel mixers never vector sum coherently; that is, all in the same direction at the same time to cause a large instantaneous peak output. Figure 9. Transmit Pulse Shape Filter Impulse Response Hz 2880W Wand Hz 2400 WWhere 00 =+= )1( at (sec)ts0h(t) = impulse response ofroot raised cosine filterSAM Physical Layer TIA-902.BAAB-A 15 3.2.4 Subchannel Mixers The subchannel mixers shift the band-limited subchannel modulation to different locations in the fre
