1、 TIA-902.BAAD-A September 2003Wideband Air Interface Scalable Adaptive Modulation (SAM) Radio Channel Coding Specification- Public Safety Wideband Data Standards Project- Digital Radio Technical Standards ANSI/TIA-902.BAAD-A-2003 APPROVED: SEPTEMBER 23, 2003REAFFIRMED: DECEMBER 17, 2008 REAFFIRMED:
2、OCTOBER 3, 2013NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining w
3、ith minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of
4、such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability
5、to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to e
6、stablish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project No. SP-3-0080-UGRV1-RF2, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards, TR-8.5 Subcommittee on Signaling and Data
7、Transmission). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Technology (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or
8、 any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and publi
9、shed pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of
10、 IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or
11、 practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. If the Document contains one or more Normative References to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards
12、 (whether designated as a standard, specification, recommendation or otherwise), whether such reference consists of mandatory, alternate or optional elements (as defined in the TIA Engineering Manual, 4thedition) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of a
13、ny other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating to any such Normative Reference; (ii) TIAs policy of encouragement of voluntary disclosure (see Engineering Manual Section 6.5.1) of Essential Patent(s) and published pending patent applications shall apply; and (iii) Information as to claims of
14、IPR in the records or publications of the other SSO shall not constitute identification to TIA of a claim of Essential Patent(s) or published pending patent applications. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise in
15、vestigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR
16、POSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, R
17、ULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTA
18、INED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY O
19、R OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. WAI SAM CHC Specification TIA-902.BAAD-A i Foreword (This foreword
20、 is not part of this standard.) This document has been published by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in accordance with the terms and conditions provided for in a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) executed by and between the TIA, the Associated Public-Safety Communications Officials
21、 (APCO), the National Association of State Telecommunications Directors (NASTD), and the various agencies of the Federal government (FED). This TIA Standard is being promulgated and will be maintained by the TR-8.5 Signaling and Data Transmission subcommittee, and working groups under the sponsorshi
22、p of the Telecommunications Industry Association. This document has been published as a TIA Standard because it contains useful technical information on emerging digital techniques for Land Mobile Radio Service. In particular, it describes the wideband air interface radio channel coding technology.
23、Generally, the wideband air interface was developed by TIA TR-8.5 to be consistent with the Statement of Requirements adopted by the National Coordination Committees Interoperability Subcommittee, WG6 Wideband Data. This document derives from the primary user needs document that will be “APCO Projec
24、t 25/34 Statement of Requirements (P34SOR)”. This radio channel coding specification provides a standard for the definition of coding and interleaving of high-speed digital information over 50, 100, and 150 kHz bandwidth physical radio media. The TIA makes no claims as to the applicability of the in
25、formation contained in this document for any purpose although it is believed that the information will prove to be invaluable to designers of wideband data compliant equipment. Some aspects of the specifications contained in this document may not have been fully operationally tested; however, a grea
26、t deal of time and good faith effort has been invested in the preparation of this document to ensure the accuracy of the information it contains. While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of this document, it should be understood that significant work remains in fully develo
27、ping the standard series and this document will be updated as necessary. This document uses the mathematical notation of to indicate multiplication. TIA-902.BAAD-A WAI SAM CHC Specification Patent Identification The readers attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this document ma
28、y require the use of one or more inventions covered by patent rights. By publication of this document, no position is taken with respect to the validity of those claims or any patent rights in connection therewith. The patent holders so far identified have, we believe, filed statements of willingnes
29、s to grant licenses under those rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. The following patent holders and patents have been identified in accordance with the TIA intellectual property rights policy: Motorola US 5,533,004; Method
30、for providing and selecting amongst multiple data rates in a time division multiplexed system TIA shall not be responsible for identifying patents for which licenses may be required by this document or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its
31、 attention. WAI SAM CHC Specification TIA-902.BAAD-A Table of Contents 1. SCOPE . 1 1.1 FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION . 1 1.2 INTERLEAVING. 2 2. RADIO CHANNEL CODING. 3 2.1 BLOCK PRODUCT CODES 3 2.2 INFORMATION SERIALIZATION . 8 2.3 CONSTITUENT BLOCK CODES 8 2.3.1 Outbound Channel Constituent Codes 11 2.
32、3.2 Direct Channel Constituent Codes . 12 2.3.3 Inbound Channel Constituent Codes 13 2.4 BIT INTERLEAVING 14 2.5 SLOT INTERLEAVING 16 3. REFERENCES 47 4. ABBREVIATIONS. 48 List of Figures FIGURE 1. WIDEBAND AIR INTERFACE WITH RADIO CHANNEL CODING. 1 FIGURE 2. REFERENCE TRANSMITTER CONFIGURATION . 1
33、FIGURE 3. REFERENCE RECEIVER CONFIGURATION 1 FIGURE 4. RADIO CHANNEL ENCODING SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 2 FIGURE 5. BLOCK CODE CONSTRUCTION 4 FIGURE 6. CONSTITUENT PRODUCT CODE GENERATOR MATRIX CONSTRUCTION 12 TIA-902.BAAD-A WAI SAM CHC Specification List of Tables TABLE 2-1 OUTBOUND BLOCK PRODUCT CODE PARA
34、METERS 5 TABLE 2-2 DIRECT MODE BLOCK PRODUCT CODE PARAMETERS 6 TABLE 2-3 INBOUND BLOCK PRODUCT CODE PARAMETERS 7 TABLE 2-4 (15,11,3) HAMMING CODE GENERATOR MATRIX . 9 TABLE 2-5 (31,26,3) HAMMING CODE GENERATOR MATRIX . 9 TABLE 2-6 (64,57,4) HAMMING CODE PARITY MATRIX . 10 TABLE 2-7 OUTBOUND CHANNEL
35、CONSTITUENT CODE FACTORS . 11 TABLE 2-8 DIRECT CHANNEL CONSTITUENT CODE FACTORS 13 TABLE 2-9 INBOUND CHANNEL CONSTITUENT CODE FACTORS. 13 TABLE 2-10 MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE OF 11 15 TABLE 2-11 OUTBOUND 50 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE 17 TABLE 2-12 OUTBOUND 50 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 18 TABLE 2-13 OUTBOUND 10
36、0 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE 19 TABLE 2-14 OUTBOUND 100 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 21 TABLE 2-15 OUTBOUND 150 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE 22 TABLE 2-16 OUTBOUND 150 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 25 TABLE 2-17 DIRECT 50 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE 27 TABLE 2-18 DIRECT 50 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 28 TABLE 2-19 DIRECT 100 KHZ SLOT
37、INTERLEAVE 29 TABLE 2-20 DIRECT 100 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 31 TABLE 2-21 DIRECT 150 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE 32 TABLE 2-22 DIRECT 150 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER . 35 TABLE 2-23 INBOUND 50 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE . 37 TABLE 2-24 INBOUND 50 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER 38 TABLE 2-25 INBOUND 100 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE . 3
38、9 TABLE 2-26 INBOUND 100 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER 41 TABLE 2-27 INBOUND 150 KHZ SLOT INTERLEAVE . 42 TABLE 2-28 INBOUND 150 KHZ BLOCK SYMBOL ORDER 45 Document Revision History Version Date Description Issue O 7-Mar-2002 Initial version of block product codes for SAM. Issue A 6-May-2002 Added foreword,
39、 patent identification, some tables. Issue B 2-Aug-2002 Resolved ballot comments. Issue C 11-Mar-2003 Changed MCBK to MCIP and revised block codes. Issue D 28-July-2003 Revisions from PN-3-0080-URV Ballot Issue E 3-Sep-2003 Final Edits for TIA Publication WAI SAM CHC Specification TIA-902.BAAD-A 11.
40、 Scope Radio channel coding is a function in the wide band air interface between the MAC/RLA sublayer and the modulation in the physical layer. Radio channel coding is present in all radios in a system with a wide band air interface. MAC/RLARadio Channel CodingModulationMAC/RLARadio Channel CodingMo
41、dulationTransmitter ReceiverFigure 1. Wideband Air Interface with Radio Channel Coding The radio channel coding functions are used to maximize data throughput and minimize delay through the error prone Wideband Air Interface (WAI). Figure 2 shows the reference configuration of a WAI transmitter, and
42、 Figure 3 shows the reference configuration of a WAI receiver. One Wideband Air Interface is defined for Scalable Advanced Modulation (SAM) in reference 1. These diagrams show the major processing blocks between the radio channel coding and physical layers. These functions are common across all WAI
43、configuration modes and except for scrambling they are described here. The scrambler and forward error correction (FEC) coding function blocks operate at a bit level while the interleaver and modulator operate at a symbol level. Scrambler Coder Interleaver ModulatorFigure 2. Reference Transmitter Co
44、nfiguration Descrambler Decoder Deinterleaver DemodulatorFigure 3. Reference Receiver Configuration The functions and procedures for radio channel coding include scrambling which is defined and described in the MAC/RLA Layer Specification given in reference 2. The other functions of forward error co
45、rrection, interleaving, and mapping to physical layer modulation symbols are defined in the following sections. 1.1 Forward Error Correction Forward error correction codes (FECs) allow the detection and correction of symbol errors introduced on the error prone radio channel. The objective of FEC is
46、to correct all channel errors, but this cannot be realized if the signal to noise ratio is too low. Cyclical Redundancy Codes (CRCs) are therefore included in TIA-902.BAAD-A WAI SAM CHC Specification 2MAC Header Blocks (MHBKs) and MAC Code Interface Parts (MCIPs). The CRCs are used to detect errors
47、in radio channel transmissions within the MAC layer that could not be corrected by the FEC. 1.2 Interleaving Interleaving works in conjunction with the FEC to spread sequentially coded symbols in time and frequency. With interleaving the FEC can better correct radio channel symbol errors that are co
48、ncentrated in bursts in either the time or frequency domains. The interleaving functions distribute bits in code words within a basic block. They also distribute the modulation symbols within basic blocks within a time slot. Scrambled Data InputsBlock Product CodesMACHeaderMAC CodeInterface PartMACH
49、eaderBasicBlock BBasicBlock ESeparate into Basic BlocksBasicBlock CBasicBlock FBasicBlock ABasicBlock DMACHeaderBasicBlock BBasicBlock EBasicBlock CBasicBlock FBasicBlock ABasicBlock DBit InterleaveSymbol Interleaveinto the Slot with Pilot and Sync SymbolsMAC CodeInterface PartFigure 4. Radio Channel Encoding Schematic Diagram WAI SAM CHC Specification TIA-902.BAAD-A 32. Radio Channel Coding The operations for radio channel encoding are shown in figure 4. The figure shows logical data units from the MAC/RLA sublayer that are encoded with block product codes. These are the
