1、AAMI/ISO TIR15499: 2017 Technical Information ReportBiological evaluation of medical devicesGuidance on the conduct of biological evaluation within a risk management processAAMI Technical Information Report AAMI/ISO TIR15499:2017 Biological evaluation of medical devicesGuidance on the conduct of bio
2、logical evaluation within a risk management process Approved 11 June 2017 by AAMI Registered 27 August 2017 with American National Standards Institute Abstract: Provide guidance applicable to the conduct of biological evaluation of medical devices according to the requirements of ISO 10993-1 and is
3、applicable to all biological evaluation of all types of medical devices including active, non-active, implantable and non-implantable medical devices. Keywords: biological evaluation, risk management, risk assessment, biological testing, material characterization, chemical characterization, biologic
4、al safety assessment Published by AAMI 4301 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 301 Arlington, VA 22203-1633 www.aami.org 2017 by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation All Rights Reserved Publication, reproduction, photocopying, storage, or transmission, electronically or otherwise, of al
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19、 301, Arlington, VA 22203-1633. Contents Page Glossary of equivalent standards . v Committee representation . vi Background of AAMI adoption of ISO/TR 15499:2016 . viii Foreword . ix Introduction x 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Biological evaluation as a risk managem
20、ent practice 2 4.1 General 2 4.2 The biological evaluation plan 3 Figure 1Schematic representation of the risk management process (from ISO 14971) . 4 5 Guidance on risk management . 5 5.1 Risk assessment 5 5.1.1 Introduction 5 5.1.2 Risk analysis 5 5.1.3 Risk estimation 6 5.1.4 Risk evaluation 6 5.
21、1.5 Risk control 6 5.2 Evaluation of residual risk acceptability 7 5.3 Post production monitoring 7 6 Guidance on specific aspects of biological evaluation 7 6.1 Material characterization 7 6.1.1 Chemical characterization 7 6.1.2 Use of chemical characterization data in a biological evaluation . 7 6
22、.1.3 Proprietary materials formulations . 8 6.1.4 Effects of manufacturing processes . 8 6.2 Biological evaluation 8 6.2.1 Determining the acceptability of the level of leachable (allowable limit) according to ISO 10993-17 . 8 6.2.2 pH and osmolality compensation for absorbable materials 8 6.3 Devic
23、e testing considerations 9 6.3.1 Tiered approaches to biological testing 9 6.3.2 When to do long-term testing (chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, biodegradation and carcinogenicity studies) 9 6.4 Biological safety assessment . 10 6.4.1 Thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC) . 10 6.4.2 What
24、constitutes sufficient justification and/or clinically relevant data for a risk assessment 10 6.4.3 Guidance on mixtures in risk assessment 10 6.4.4 What constitutes “sufficient toxicology data” including dose and route relevance 10 6.4.5 What to include in the biological safety assessment report 10
25、 6.5 General guidance . 11 6.5.1 Changes which can require re-evaluation of biological safety . 11 6.5.2 Good laboratory practice 12 Bibliography . 13 2017 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation AAMI/ISO TIR15499:2017 v Glossary of equivalent standards International Standards ado
26、pted in the United States may include normative references to other International Standards. For each International Standard that has been adopted by AAMI (and ANSI), the table below gives the corresponding U.S. designation and level of equivalency to the International Standard. NOTE: Documents are
27、sorted by international designation. The code in the US column, “(R)20xx” indicates the year the document was officially reaffirmed by AAMI. E.g., ANSI/AAMI/ISO 10993-4:2002/(R)2009 indicates that 10993-4, originally approved and published in 2002, was reaffirmed without change in 2009. Other normat
28、ively referenced International Standards may be under consideration for U.S. adoption by AAMI; therefore, this list should not be considered exhaustive. www.aami.org/standards/glossary.pdf vi 2017 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation AAMI/ISO TIR15499:2017 Committee representat
29、ion Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation Strategic Approach to Biological Assessment Working Group The adoption of ISO TR 15499 as an AAMI Technical Information Report was initiated by the AAMI Strategic Approach to Biological Assessment Working Group (BE/WG 15). AAMI BE/WG 15
30、functions as the U.S. consensus body to the relevant work in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). U.S. representatives from AAMI BE/WG 15 played a very active part in developing the ISO Technical Report. At the time this document was published, the AAMI Strategic Approach to Bio
31、logical Assessment Working Group had the following members: Cochair: Jon Cammack, PhD, DABT Members: Carolyn Braithwaite-Nelson, Spectranetics Corporation David Brodersen, LexaMed Ltd Ronald Brown, FDA/CDRH Taylor Builee, Edwards Lifesciences Jon Cammack, PhD, DABT, Nevakar LLC Julia Cesur-Levinsky,
32、 Medline Industries Inc Gloria Frost, PhD, DABT, Cardinal Health Jill Glosson, Baxter Healthcare Corporation Joel Gorski, PhD, NAMSA Niranjan Goud, PhD, Cook Inc Mike Groendyk, Arthrex Inc John Iannone, BME, John Iannone LLC Todd Kennedy, PhD, WL Gore and substantiation of risk evaluation, risk cont
33、rol, and compensation/adjustment of pH and osmolality. U.S. participation in ISO/TC 194 is organized through the U.S. Technical Advisory Group to ISO/TC 194, administered by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Experts from the United States made a considerable contributio
34、n to this standard. AAMI/ISO TIR 15499 was registered with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on 27 August 2017. AAMI procedures recommend that technical information reports be reviewed every three years and, if necessary, revised to reflect technological advances that may have occurre
35、d since publication. AAMI (and ANSI) have adopted other ISO standards and technical reports. See the Glossary of Equivalent Standards for a list of ISO standards adopted by AAMI, which gives the corresponding U.S. designation and the level of equivalency with the ISO standard. As used within the con
36、text of this document, “shall” indicates requirements strictly to be followed to conform to the recommended practice. “Should” indicates that among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others, or that a certain course of action is prefer
37、red but not necessarily required, or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action should be avoided but is not prohibited. “May” is used to indicate that a course of action is permissible within the limits of the recommended practice. “Can” is used as a statement of possibil
38、ity and capability. Finally, “must” is used only to describe “unavoidable” situations, including those mandated by government regulation. NOTE Users of this technical information report are advised that this document is an AAMI identical adoption of an ISO document and that the following internation
39、al conventions have been carried over to the AAMI publication: British English spelling (e.g. colour instead of color) Use of SI units (e.g. metres instead of feet, Celsius instead of Fahrenheit, etc.) Decimal comma instead of a decimal point (e.g. 1 000,15 instead of 1,000.15) The concepts incorpor
40、ated in this technical information report should not be considered inflexible or static. This technical information report, like any other, must be reviewed and updated periodically to assimilate progressive technological developments. To remain relevant, it must be modified as technological advance
41、s are made and as new data come to light. Suggestions for improving this technical information report are invited. Comments and suggested revisions should be sent to Standards Department, AAMI, 4301 N. Fairfax Dr, Suite 301, Arlington, VA 22203-1633. 2017 Association for the Advancement of Medical I
42、nstrumentation AAMI/ISO TIR15499:2017 ix Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member b
43、ody interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electro
44、technical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
45、ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held
46、responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information
47、given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers
48、to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 194, Biological and clinical evaluation of medical devices. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 15499:2012), which has been technically revised wi
49、th the following major changes: definitions have been clarified; risk evaluation and risk control have been substantiated; compensation/adjustment of pH and osmolality has been substantiated. x 2017 Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation AAMI/ISO TIR15499:2017 Introduction General This document provides guidance on the conduct of biological evaluation of medical devices according to the requirements of ISO 10993-1. Although ISO 10993-1 provides a general framework for biological evaluation of medical devices, more detailed guidance can
