1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1004-4 Electric GeneratorsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODU
2、CTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Electric Generators, UL 1004-4 Second Edition, Dated October 25, 2011 Summary of Topics This revision of ANSI/UL 1004-4 includes the following change: Alignment of the UL 1004-4 harmonic distortion test method with the UL 22
3、00 test method The effective date for UL LLC will be announced through Industry File Review Announcement Letter. The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated March 6, 2015. Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publi
4、shing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provid
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8、deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. MAY 20, 2015 UL 1004-4 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MAY 20, 2015 UL 1004-4 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED
9、 MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL OCTOBER 25, 2011 (Title Page Reprinted: May 20, 2015) 1 UL 1004-4 Standard for Electric Generators First Edition September, 2008 Second Edition October 25, 2011 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of t
10、he Second Edition including revisions through May 20, 2015. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 1004-4 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on May 18, 2015. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, and Title Page. Comments or proposals for revis
11、ions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard sh
12、ould be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2015 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 1004-4-2015UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION O
13、R DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .4 2 Components 4 PERFORMANCE 3 Overspeed Test .4 4 Sh
14、ort Circuit Test .5 5 Output Waveform Distortion 5 6 Surge Tests 6 MARKINGS 7 General 6 INSTRUCTIONS 8 General 6A Appendix A Surge testing of induction machines A1 Principle of the Surge Test A1 A2 Automatic Fault Detection Methods .A3 MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 3UL COPYRIGHTED MAT
15、ERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard is intended to be read together with the Standard for Rotating Electrical Machines General Requirements, UL 1004-1. The requirements in this Standard supplement or amend th
16、e requirements in UL 1004-1. The requirements of UL 1004-1 apply unless modied by this Standard. 1.2 This Standard covers electric generators, sometimes referred to as generator heads, which, when coupled with prime movers, such as engines or electric motors, are used to produce electricity. This St
17、andard covers generators (DC machines) and alternators (AC machines) rated 7,200 volts or less. 1.3 This Standard does not cover stationary or portable generator assemblies, which are respectively covered under the Standard for Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies, UL 2200, and the Standard for Po
18、rtable Engine-Generator Assemblies, UL 2201. 1.4 This Standard does not cover generators intended for use in hazardous locations as dened in the National Electrical Code , NFPA 70. The National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quinc
19、y, MA 02169. 1.5 In the context of this document, the term generators shall be understood to apply to both AC and DC machines. 2 Components 2.1 Voltage regulators shall comply with the requirements of the Standard for Industrial Control Equipment, UL 508. PERFORMANCE 3 Overspeed Test 3.1 The generat
20、or, arranged for operation in its intended manner, shall be subjected to an overspeed condition as described in 3.2. 3.2 The generator is to be connected to a resistive load, run at rated RPM and then the load adjusted so that the generator is delivering full rated output power. The rotational veloc
21、ity of the generator is then to be increased to 120 percent of rated RPM and maintained at that speed for 1 minute. Exception: Generators rated larger than 5 kw may have the overspeed test conducted loaded or unloaded at the manufacturers option. 3.3 There shall be no evidence of a risk of re, shock
22、, or personal injury as a result of this test. OCTOBER 25, 2011 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Short Circuit Test 4.1 A generator provided with an output overcurrent protective device shall
23、 be subjected to the test described in 4.2. 4.2 The generator is to be run at rated RPM and then the output shall be short-circuited. For multi-phase machines, each phase shall be individually and separately short-circuited both phase to phase as well as phase to ground (or neutral). 4.3 As a result
24、 of this test, the overcurrent protective device shall operate as intended and there shall be no evidence of a risk of re, shock, or personal injury. 4.4 At the conclusion of the Short Circuit Test, the generator shall be subjected to and comply with Section 6, Surge Tests. 5 Output Waveform Distort
25、ion 5.1 When tested as described in 5.2, the total rms value of the harmonic voltages, excluding the fundamental, delivered by a generator shall not exceed 5 percent of the fundamental rms output voltage rating. 5.2 With reference to the requirement in 5.1, the generator is to be connected to a line
26、ar load having an adjustable impedance so that the generator is able to deliver power at rated power factor. The measurements are to be conducted at open circuit (0 percent), and with the generator delivering 50 and 100 percent of rated power. Table 5.1 Generator output RMS distortion limits Table D
27、eleted 5.3 Exceeding the output voltage distortion levels of 5.1 is not prohibited when the unit is intended for use with a specic load device, is marked in accordance with 7.1, and complies with the following: a) The Temperature Test of UL 1004-1 shall be conducted using the specied load; b) The te
28、mperature on the load shall not exceed the intended values applicable to the load equipment involved; and c) The instruction manual shall contain the information specied in 8.1 when a specic type of device is used. MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED
29、FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 6 Surge Tests 6.1 At the conclusion of the Short Circuit Test of Section 4, the generator shall be subjected to and comply with the Surge Test of this Section (see Appendix A). The Surge Test is to be conducted at an amplitude of 3.
30、5 pu, where 1 pu is dened as: in which: V L is the rated rms line-to-line voltage and with a pulse rise time between 100 ns and 1.2 s. 6.2 Pulse-to-Pulse Error Area Ratio (EAR) Test Each phase of the generator under test shall be subjected to a series of impulses with each impulse having the rise ti
31、me described in 6.1. Each impulse is to be the result of a capacitor discharge. The pulses are to be applied with increasing amplitude from zero to V L with a difference of no more than 25 volts between successive pulses. The EAR between successive pulses (dened in the equation below) is to differ b
32、y no more than 10 percent. The formula for EAR between successive pulses is given by: This is generated text for gtxt. MARKINGS 7 General 7.1 Units in accordance with 5.3 shall have the following or equivalent marking on the unit: For use with _ loads only, where the space shall indicate the type of
33、 loads used (such as computer loads, electronic data processing load, or similar loads). MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INSTRUCTIONS 8 General 8.1 In accordance with 5.3(c), the
34、instruction manual for a generator tested with a specic product to determine the effects of harmonic voltage distortion shall identify the load equipment intended to be used with the generator by the manufacturers name and model designation. MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 6AUL COPYRIGH
35、TED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MAY 20, 2015 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 6B No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL in which: F i (1) is a point
36、in the time series of the rst waveform; F j (2) is the corresponding point in the time series of the second waveform; Npts is the number of points in the time series sampled at each “j th ” point; and EAR 1-2 is the Error Area Ratio of the test F j (2) waveform with respect to the reference F i (1)
37、waveform. OCTOBER 25, 2011 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL OCTOBER 25, 2011 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 8 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTIO
38、N OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Appendix A Surge testing of induction machines A1 Principle of the Surge Test A1.1 If a rapidly increasing current is applied to a coil, a voltage will be generated across the coil by the principle of induction. The voltage across the coil is given by V=L
39、*di/dt in which: V is the terminal voltage across the coil; L is the coils inductance; and di/dt is the time derivative of the applied current pulse. A1.2 The terminal voltage V at the leads of the coil is actually a summation of the induced voltage created between individual loops in the coil. If t
40、he insulation separating adjacent coils is weak and if the induced voltage is higher than the dielectric strength of the weak insulation, an arc will form between the coils. Surge testing equipment is designed to create the induced voltage between adjacent coils and detect the arcing indicative of w
41、eak or failing insulation. A1.3 Figure A1.1 shows a block diagram typical of todays instrumentation. The internal capacitor is charged to a known voltage by the power supply. At a specic time, a high voltage switch closes which transfers the charge from the capacitor through the windings of the coil
42、. If the resistances and loss of the entire circuit are such that the system is under damped, charge will be able to ow through the inductor and on to the other side of the capacitor resulting in an oscillation This process of ringing will repeat until the resistances and losses in the circuit compl
43、etely absorb all of the energy that was originally on the capacitor. The measurement of the terminal voltage of the coil vs. time gives the surge waveform, which shows the damped oscillation. This is generated text for gtxt. OCTOBER 25, 2011 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 A1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
44、NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL A1.4 The ringing frequency of the dampened sinusoidal waveform will be according to the following formula: in which: f = the ringing frequency of the resulting waveform L = the inductance of the machine winding under
45、test C = the capacitance of the internal charge capacitor Figure A1.1 Block diagram typical surge instrumentation OCTOBER 25, 2011 ELECTRIC GENERATORS - UL 1004-4 A2UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL R = the system resistance If
46、 the turn-turn insulation fails with an arcing short between two turns in the coil, a fraction of the inductance will be shorted out of the circuit. From the equation above, the ringing frequency f will increase as the inductance decreases due to the short. An increase in the ringing frequency will
47、show itself to be a jump to the left of the ringing pattern. To reiterate, it is this sudden increase in ringing frequency that is the indication of the arcing turn-turn fault. Depending on the coil and the location of an arcing short, the magnitude of the surge waveform may also slightly decrease.
48、Todays instrumentation will slowly increase the test voltage and “look” for the increase in ringing frequency. A2 Automatic Fault Detection Methods A2.1 The greatest advancement in surge testing has come about with use of high-speed analog and digital electronics and the application of computers to
49、control the testing process. Algorithms programmed into the computer can detect small variations in the shape of the waveform that peoples eyes miss. An additional benet to having a computer control the test is the immediate shutdown of the test after the insulation “fails” a single pulse. The detection algorithms include: a) Zero Crossing Shift b) Pulse-to-Pulse EAR c) Line-to-Line EAR A2.2 Pulse-to-Pulse EAR Where the computer has the advantage over the human is detecting slight
