1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 1973 Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTIO
2、N WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications, UL 1973 First Edition, Dated February 15, 2013 Su
3、mmary of Topics Revisions have been issued for UL 1973 to reect the latest ANSI approval date and to incorporate the following changes: Editorial correction of the ohmmeter in 40.3. Revision of terminology used in Figures 1.1 and 1.2, addition of new denitions, and deletion of incorrect reference in
4、 40.2. Restricted access locations concept revisions. Higher voltage revisions based upon NEC. Controls and functional safety consideration revisions. Fluid containing parts revisions. Cell requirements updates. Sample information revisions. Test results and equipment accuracy revisions. Overcharge
5、Test revisions. Short Circuit Test revisions. Overdischarge Protection revisions. Temperature and Operating Parameters Check Test revisions. Imbalanced Charging Test revisions. Dielectric Voltage Withstand revisions. Drop Test revisions. Salt Fog Test revisions. External Fire Test revisions. Interna
6、l Fire Test revisions. Marking revisions. Appendix A revisions. JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Flow batteries in Appendix C revisions. Grounding and bonding revisions. Text that has been changed in an
7、y manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated May 22, 2015, December 18, 2015, and March 18, 2016. All rights reserved. No part of this pub
8、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not
9、 limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability
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12、ystem. JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 tr2UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FEBRUARY 15, 2013 (Title Page Reprinted: June 1, 2016) 1 UL 1973 Standard for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applicati
13、ons First Edition February 15, 2013 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the First Edition including revisions through June 1, 2016. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 1973 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on June 1, 2016. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the
14、 Cover Page, Transmittal Pages and Title Page. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety
15、 are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2016 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/U
16、L 1973-2016UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .6
17、 2 Units of Measurement .8 3 References and Components .8 4 Glossary .9 CONSTRUCTION 5 General .12B 5.1 Non-metallic materials 12B 5.2 Metallic parts resistance to corrosion 14 5.3 Enclosures .14 5.4 Wiring and terminals 15 5.5 Spacings and separation of circuits 17 5.6 Insulation levels and protect
18、ive grounding and bonding 19 5.7 System safety analysis .20 5.8 Protective circuit and controls .21 5.9 Cooling/thermal management system 22 5.10 Electrolyte containment parts and parts subject to pressure .23 5.11 Cells (battery and electrochemical capacitor) 24 PERFORMANCE 6 General .24B 7 Determi
19、nation of Potential for Fire Hazard 27 8 Important Test Considerations .27 9 Single Fault Conditions .28 10 Test Results .28 11 Determination of Toxic Emissions .30 12 Measurement Equipment Accuracy .31 ELECTRICAL TESTS 13 Overcharge Test 31 14 Short Circuit Test .33 15 Overdischarge Protection Test
20、 .34 16 Temperature and Operating Limits Check Test .35 17 Imbalanced Charging Test .37 18 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test 38A 19 Continuity Test 38B 20 Failure of Cooling/Thermal Stability System 39 21 Working Voltage Measurements 40 22 Tests on Electrical Components 40 22.1 Locked-rotor test for
21、 low voltage dc fans/motors in secondary circuits 40 22.2 Input 40 22.3 Leakage current 41 22.4 Strain relief test 41 22.5 Push-back relief test 41 JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MECHANICAL TESTS 23 Vib
22、ration Test (LER Motive Applications) 42 24 Shock Test (LER Motive Applications) .43 25 Crush Test (LER Motive Applications) .44 26 Static Force Test .45 27 Impact Test 46 28 Drop Impact Test .48 29 Wall Mount Fixture/Handle Test 49 30 Mold Stress Test .50 31 Pressure Release Test 50 32 Start-To-Dis
23、charge Test .50 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS 33 Thermal Cycling Test (LER Motive Applications) 51 34 Resistance to Moisture Test 52 35 Salt Fog Test .53 36 External Fire Exposure Test 54 37 Internal Fire Exposure Test 56 MARKINGS 38 General 57 INSTRUCTIONS 39 General 58 MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION LINE TEST
24、S 40 General 59 Appendix A Standard for Components.A1 Appendix B Test program for sodium-beta battery cells B1 General .B1 B2 Cell Tests .B1 B2.1 Electrical B1 B2.2 Mechanical B2 B2.3 Environmental .B3 JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUT
25、ION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL APPENDIX C Test program for owing electrolyte batteries C1 General .C1 C2 Materials Containing Electrolyte Resistance to Deterioration from Fluids C1 C3 Materials Containing Electrolyte Temperature Exposure .C2 C4 Flowing Electrolyte Cell Stack Tests C2 C4.1 Vibration
26、of cell stack C2 C4.2 Shock test on cell stack C3 C4.2A High temperature test on cell stack .C3 C4.3 Short circuit test on cell stack .C3 C5 Flowing Electrolyte Battery System Tests .C4 C5.1 Hydraulic pressure test .C4 C5.2 Leakage test C4 C5.3 Electrolyte blockage tests .C5 C5.4 Short circuit test
27、.C5 C5.5 Shunt current determination .C5 C5.6 Failure of the cooling/thermal stability system test .C6 C6 Spill Containment Systems C6 APPENDIX D Metal compatibility table APPENDIX E Alternative Cell Test Program E1 General .E1 E2 Short Circuit .E1 E3 Cell Impact E2 E4 Drop Impact .E2 E5 Heating .E2
28、 E6 Overcharge E2 E7 Forced Discharge E3 E8 Projectile E3 JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover electric energy storage systems as dened by this standard for u
29、se as energy storage for stationary applications such as for PV, wind turbine storage or for UPS, etc. applications. These systems are to be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 or other applicable installation codes. 1.2 These requirements also cover electric energy
30、 storage systems (EESS) as dened by this standard for use in light electric rail (LER) applications and stationary rail applications such as rail substations. These systems are intended for installation within either the rail car or within a sheltered stationary location such as a rail substation. T
31、hese electric energy storage systems may utilize regenerative braking from the trains as a source of energy for recharging and are intended for direct or indirect connection to the rail power lines. These electric energy storage systems are intended for balancing loads during peak hours, serving as
32、an energy storage device during regenerative breaking of the trains, and as a source of emergency power to move trains to the nearest station during power outages. 1.3 Appendix B of this standard includes requirements specic to sodium-beta type technologies. Appendix C of this standard includes requ
33、irements specic to owing electrolyte technologies. 1.4 This standard evaluates the electric energy storage systems ability to safely withstand simulated abuse conditions. This standard evaluates the system based upon the manufacturers specied charge and discharge parameters. 1.5 This standard does n
34、ot evaluate the performance (i.e. capacity measurements under various discharge conditions) or reliability (i.e. capacity measurements under various environmental conditions) of these devices. 1.6 Figure 1.1 is a boundary diagram example for an electric energy storage system for this application. Fi
35、gure 1.2 is a boundary diagram example for a module for this application. This is generated text for gtxt. FEBRUARY 15, 2013 UL 1973 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL This is generated text for gtxt. Figure 1.1 Components of a
36、n electric energy storage system JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2 Units of Measurement 2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate inf
37、ormation. 3 References and Components 3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline of investigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3.2 A component of a product covered by this standard shall comply wi
38、th the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the products covered by this standard. Figure 1.2 Module boundary diagram JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT
39、 PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Glossary 4.1 BATTERY A general term for either a single cell or a group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel conguration. 4.2 BATTERY PACK Batteries that are ready for use, contained in a protective enclosure, which may or may not contain protective de
40、vices, cooling systems and monitoring circuitry. Although batteries may be the dominant energy storage device in the pack, the battery pack may include electrochemical capacitors as a type of hybrid pack. 4.3 CAPACITOR PACK Electrochemical capacitors that are ready for use in an electric energy stor
41、age system, contained in a protective enclosure, with or without protective devices, cooling systems, and monitoring circuitry. Although electrochemical capacitors may be the dominant energy storage device in the pack, the capacitor pack may include batteries as a type of hybrid pack. 4.4 CAPACITY,
42、RATED (C n ) The total number of ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery at a specic discharge rate to a specic end-of-discharge voltage (EODV) at a specied temperature as declared by the manufacturer. 4.4.1 CASCADING The runaway failure or thermal propagation of a battery sy
43、stem or battery module when: a) One battery cell is triggered into catastrophic failure and this cell causes the failure of neighboring cells; and/or b) Continued thermal propagation of catastrophic cell failures until part of or the entire system is on re or causing excessive hazardous gas generati
44、on or leakage of hazardous liquids. 4.5 CASING The container that directly encloses and connes the contents of a cell or electrochemical capacitor. 4.6 CELL The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, separators, container, and terminals. It is a sour
45、ce of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy. 4.7 CELL BLOCK One or more cells connected in parallel. 4.8 CHARGING The application of electric current to battery or capacitor terminals, which results in a Faradic reaction that takes place within the battery that leads to stored el
46、ectro-chemical energy or in the case of the capacitor, due to electrical charge being stored without a chemical reaction taking place. 4.9 CHARGING, CONSTANT CURRENT (CC) Charging mode where current is held constant while charging voltage is allowed to vary. 4.10 CHARGING, CONSTANT VOLTAGE (CV) Char
47、ging mode where voltage is held constant while charging current is allowed to vary. JUNE 1, 2016 UL 1973 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4.11 DUT Device under test. 4.12 ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM Consists of a pack and
48、external controls and circuitry related to the pack such as cooling systems, disconnects or protection devices external to the pack. 4.13 ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR An electric energy storage device where electrical charge is typically stored as a result of non-Faradaic reactions at the electrodes. (
49、A subset of electrochemical capacitors referred to as an asymmetric type have non-Faradaic reactions at one electrode and Faradaic reactions at the other electrode.) A highly-porous surface of the electrodes increases the surface area for holding charge resulting in much larger capacitance and energy density. Electrochemical capacitors differ from common electrolytic capacitors in that they employ a liquid rather than a solid dielectri
