1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 2218 Impact Resistance of Prepared Roof Covering MaterialsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NO
2、T AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Impact Resistance of Prepared Roof Covering Materials, UL 2218 Second Edition, Dated January 25, 2010 SUMMARY OF TOPICS Revision pages have been issued for the Standard for Safety for Impact R
3、esistance of Prepared Roof Covering Materials, UL 2218, to incorporate the following proposals: Clarication on preparation of samples fo UL 2218 Impact Tests. First time ANSI approval of UL 2218. The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated February
4、 3, 2012 and April 9, 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard as is without
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6、ata, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the
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8、haser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, gures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the affected it
9、em. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. MAY 1, 2012 UL 2218 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMIS
10、SION FROM UL MAY 1, 2012 UL 2218 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 25, 2010 (Title Page Reprinted: May 1, 2012) 1 UL 2218 Standard for Impact Resistance of Prepared Roof Covering Materials First
11、Edition May, 1996 Second Edition January 25, 2010 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Second Edition. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 2218 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on May 1, 2012. ANSI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pa
12、ges, Title Page, or effective date information. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safet
13、y are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2012 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/
14、UL 2218-2012UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTIO
15、N WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .4 2 General 4 PERFORMANCE 3 General 4 4 Preparation of Samples 5 4.1 General .5 4.2 Preparation of test decks 5 4.3 Application .5 4.4 Conditioning .5 5 Test Apparatus .6 6 Test Procedure .9 7 Acceptance Criteria .9 REPORT 8 General .10 9 C
16、lasses of Prepared Roof Coverings for Impact Resistance .10 APPENDIX A A1 Relationship Between Steel Balls and Impacts from Hailstones A1 A2 Precision and Bias .A1 JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REP
17、RODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This test method provides impact resistance data for the evaluation of prepared roof covering materials. For purposes of this Standard prepared roof covering materials are considered to be small units, sheets or panels des
18、igned for installation with multiple layers of such materials installed in overlapping rows normally on inclines exceeding 25 percent. 1.2 The test evaluates the effect of impact from the steel ball at locations on the assembly selected to be most vulnerable, such as (but not limited to) edges, corn
19、ers, unsupported sections and joints. 1.3 This test method does not evaluate the effect of weathering, temperature, aging or similar effects on the impact resistance of prepared roof covering materials. These and other factors, including time, roof slope, roof system conguration and application inue
20、nce the performance of roong materials in the eld. It is not the objective of this test to address all of these factors. 1.4 The impact energies used in this Standard were derived from impact energies of actual hailstones (see Appendix A). However, largely due to the effects discussed in 1.3, there
21、is no currently established direct correlation between the performance of roof covering materials when impacted by hailstones versus steel balls. Consequently, this test method does not provide a direct basis to compare expected performance under all hail conditions, but does provide a basis for com
22、parison of the response of roof coverings when subjected to the impact energies described herein. 2 General 2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. PERFORMANCE 3 General 3.1 Representative samples of roof covering m
23、aterial, assembled to test decks as described in Preparation of Samples, Section 4, are to be subjected to the impact tests described in Test Apparatus, Section 5, and Test Procedure, Section 6. JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
24、 NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 4 Preparation of Samples 4.1 General 4.1.1 Representative samples of a roof covering material are to be applied, as described in 4.3, to test decks constructed as described in 4.2. The assemblies are to be conditione
25、d in accordance with 4.4 prior to testing. 4.2 Preparation of test decks 4.2.1 The test decks are to be 3 ft by 3 ft (0.91 m by 0.91 m) consisting of 15/32 in (11.9 mm) thick plywood securely nailed to a trade size 2- by 4-in nominal 1-1/2 by 3-1/2 in (38.1 by 89 mm) wood batten frame, with an addit
26、ional trade size 2- by 4-in vertical support batten, midspan of the deck. The plywood is to be A-C Grade, Group 1, exterior, placed A side up. The perimeter battens are to be located under and ush with the outer edges of the deck. 4.3 Application 4.3.1 The roof covering material to be tested is to b
27、e applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions to the test deck. The material is to extend to and be ush with the edges of the deck. 4.4 Conditioning 4.4.1 The test assemblies are to be stored indoors at a temperature of 73.4 3.4F (23.0 1.8C) for the period of time necessary to cure the
28、 material; or stored under other conditions until moisture determinations indicate that the deck lumber has a maximum 12 percent moisture content. Test decks are to be stored so that each will be surrounded by freely circulating air. 4.4.2 For wood or wood composition samples expected to be hygrosco
29、pic in nature, the moisture content is to be determined by heating a small sample to constant weight in an oven at 100C (212F). If the moisture content exceeds 12 percent the material is to be conditioned in a cell at a temperature not exceeding 60C (140F) until its moisture content is 12 percent or
30、 less. 4.4.3 For roof covering materials with factory-applied adhesives, the completed test assemblies are to be placed in a conditioning cell at a temperature of 57 60C (135 140F) for a continuous period of 16 hours. To avoid damage when examining tested samples, prevent the self-seal adhesive from
31、 adhering by covering it with masking tape or other similar type material. After conditioning, the test assemblies are to be allowed to cool to room temperature. Care is to be taken to avoid disturbing shingle tabs or causing any twisting or distortion of the test panels in handling. 4.4.3 revised M
32、ay 1, 2012 MAY 1, 2012 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 5 Test Apparatus 5.1 The test apparatus is to consist of lengths of 2-in (50.8 mm) diameter (ID) and 3-in
33、 (76.2 mm) diameter (ID) schedule 40 PVC pipe secured vertically over the target specimen. Drop positions are to be prepared to provide for the release of steel balls down the centerline of the pipe at the drop heights specied for each size (diameter) of steel ball. The 2-in diameter pipe is to be u
34、sed for the 1.25 and 1.50 in steel balls. The 3-in diameter pipe is to be used for the 1.75 and 2.00 in steel balls. See Figure 5.1. Exception: A drop method other than that specied in Figure 5.1 that assures consistent drops using the specied steel balls at the specied drop heights meets these drop
35、 method requirements. 5.2 The steel balls (chrome or stainless) are to be 1.25 0.01 in (31.8 0.25 mm), 1.50 0.01 in (38.1 0.25 mm) 1.75 0.01 in (44.5 0.25 mm) and 2.00 0.01 in (50.8 0.25 mm) in diameter, weighing 0.28 0.01 lb (126.9 4.5 g), 0.48 0.02 lbs (217.6 9 g), 0.79 0.04 lb (358.2 18.1 g) and
36、1.15 0.04 lbs (521.4 18 g), respectively, with a Rockwell C hardness of 57 to 66. 5.3 The release device is to be designed so as to assure a straight drop down the centerline of the pipe. A sketch of an acceptable device is shown in Figure 5.2. Release is achieved by sliding the fork from the pipe,
37、thereby allowing the ball to fall between the adjustable screws down the centerline of the pipe. Other release devices are acceptable when the objective for release of the steel balls down the centerline of the pipe is met. 5.4 Table 5.1 is to be used to determine the drop height to be used with eac
38、h respective steel ball size (diameter). Table 5.1 also provides the corresponding kinetic energy associated with each drop. Table 5.1 Drop height and kinetic energy Class Steel ball diameter Distance Kinetic energy Inches (mm) Feet (m) ft-lbf (J) 1 1-1/4 (31.8) 12.0 (3.7) 3.53 (4.78) 2 1-1/2 (38.1)
39、 15.0 (4.6) 7.35 (9.95) 3 1-3/4 (44.5) 17.0 (5.2) 13.56 (18.37) 4 2 (50.8) 20.0 (6.1) 23.71 (32.12) This is generated text for gtxt. JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHO
40、UT PERMISSION FROM UL Figure 5.1 Test apparatus JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Figure 5.2 Release device JANUARY 25, 2010 IMPACT RESISTANCE OF
41、 PREPARED ROOF COVERING MATERIALS - UL 2218 8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 6 Test Procedure 6.1 Tests are to be conducted in a room at a temperature of 73.4 3.4F (23.0 1.8C). Each test assembly is to be subjected to a serie
42、s of two coincident drops from a specic size steel ball at each of six locations selected based upon examination for vulnerability. These locations are to include but not be limited to edges, corners, unsupported areas, overlaps and joints. The drop shall be considered coincident when the approximat
43、e center of the impact depression of the second drop is measured to be within 1/2 in (12.7 mm) of the rst. 6.2 After the rst drop at each location, the resultant depression is to be measured and recorded to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) using a depth gauge. After the assembly has been subjected to
44、all drops at the selected impact locations the prepared roof covering material is to be carefully removed from the test assembly and examined on both top and bottom surfaces at the impacted areas. Where multiple layers of the prepared roof covering material are located under the impacted area each l
45、ayer is to be examined separately. 6.3 Visual damage observations are to be facilitated by examining the samples under 5X magnication and the observations recorded for each impact location, based upon the Acceptance Criteria in Section 7 and the Report information specied in Section 8. 6.4 For roof
46、covering materials having the exibility to be bent over a 4-in (102 mm) diameter mandrel, damage assessments are to be facilitated by bending the roof covering layer over the 4-in (102 mm) diameter mandrel at each impact location, with the top surface in contact with the mandrel. The roof covering a
47、rea having received the impact is to be bent over the mandrel on two axes (machine direction and 90 to the machine direction). 7 Acceptance Criteria 7.1 The prepared roof covering material is to be examined after being subjected to the test procedure described in Section 6. The prepared roof coverin
48、g material exposed surface, back surface and underneath layers shall show no evidence of tearing, fracturing, cracking, splitting, rupture, crazing or other evidence of opening through any prepared roof covering layer. 7.2 For asphalt shingles, a visible crack of the asphalt on the back of the shing
49、les shall be determined to be a failure. 7.3 For wood, tile, concrete, ber-cement, plastic and metal roof covering materials, a surface crack shall not be determined to be a failure. A crack that extends through the cross-section of the roof covering material layer shall be determined to be a failure. 7.4 Cosmetic damage in and of itself shall not be determined to be a failure. Cosmetic damage such as denting, damage not extending through the cross-se
