1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 340 Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids STANDARD FOR SAFETYUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED
2、MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids, UL 340 Sixth Edition, Dated July 24, 2017 Summary of Topics This new edition of UL 340 was issued to incorporate the following changes
3、 in rerquirements: Addition of Requirements for Transformer Mineral Oil, Vegetable Oil, and Natural Ester Oil to Tables 3.1 and 13.1 The new and revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated April 14, 2017 and June 9, 2017. Text that has been changed in
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8、e attorneys fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. JULY 24, 2017 UL 340 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 24, 2017 UL
9、340 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL July 24, 2017 1 UL 340 Standard for Tests for Comparative Flammability of Liquids First Edition March, 1972 Second Edition July, 1979 Third Edition June, 1993 Fourth
10、 Edition September, 1997 Fifth Edition March, 2009 Sixth Edition July 24, 2017 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Sixth Edition. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 340 as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on July 24, 2017. ANSI approval for a standard does not include t
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13、SI/UL 340-2017UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 24, 2017 TESTS FOR COMPARATIVE FLAMMABILITY OF LIQUIDS - UL 340 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT
14、PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .4 2 General 4 2.1 Units of measurement .4 2.2 Undated references .5 3 Classication System 5 4 Glossary .5 PERFORMANCE 5 General 7 5.1 Test information 7 5.2 Preparation of partially evaporated samples .7 6 Flash Point Test 7 7 Ignition Temperature (A
15、utogenous) Test .8 8 Spontaneous Heating Test .8 9 Burning Characterization Test 9 10 Tests for Flammability (Explosiveness) of Vapor-Air Mixtures 9 10.1 General 9 10.2 Test in Spherical Glass Flask .9 10.3 Test in Cylindrical Steel Vessel 10 11 Test for Behavior on Heating .10 12 Test for Lower Fla
16、mmable Limit 11 CLASSIFICATION 13 General 11 MARKING 14 General 15 JULY 24, 2017 TESTS FOR COMPARATIVE FLAMMABILITY OF LIQUIDS - UL 340 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This Standard provides a method
17、, based on the results of specied ammability tests, for the classication of uids or liquids as nonammable, or as ammable with the degree of re hazard rated both in general terms and on a numerical scale, in comparison with well-known products whose hazards have been established by eld experience. 1.
18、2 The classications derived by this method are evaluations of the inherent ammability of liquids and their vapors. Increases in re hazard due to partial evaporation of components of certain liquid mixtures during handling and use are taken into account in assigning the re hazard classication. The as
19、signed classications do not apply when the liquid is dispersed in the atmosphere in the form of nely divided spray, mist, or fog. 1.3 The liquids may be pure chemical compounds, homogeneous mixtures or solutions, emulsions, or multilayer combinations of immiscible liquids. The liquid products may co
20、ntain undissolved solid materials, either in suspension or as a separate layer. 1.4 This method of classication with respect to re hazard is applicable to liquids which are essentially stable materials. Liquids susceptible to dangerous decomposition reactions during phase change or when exposed to h
21、eat or mechanical shock, and liquids subject to hazardous exothermic polymerization, are considered unstable materials within the intent of this Standard. It should be ascertained that the product is stable with respect to these features before applying the tests specied in this Standard. Evaluation
22、 of the more severe hazards presented by such unstable materials requires considerations which are beyond the scope of this Standard. 1.5 The classications derived by this method are with respect to re hazard only. The assigned ratings do not cover other potential hazards, including the physiologica
23、l effects of the products, in any form, nor do they indicate the efficiency or effectiveness of the products in their intended uses. 2 General 2.1 Units of measurement 2.1.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. JULY
24、24, 2017 TESTS FOR COMPARATIVE FLAMMABILITY OF LIQUIDS - UL 340 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2.2 Undated references 2.2.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be
25、 interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3 Classication System 3.1 This System measures and correlates the most important ammability characteristics of a particular liquid in terms of corresponding characteristics of a number of well-known liquids such as gasoline, e
26、thyl alcohol, kerosene, and paraffin oil, the re hazards of which have been established by eld experience. The System provides both a general classication and a numerical rating of the re hazards, based on a numerical scale of hazard ranging from 0 to 100 assigned to the reference liquids as indicat
27、ed in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 General Classication Numerical Classication Diethyl ether 100 Gasoline 90 to 100 Ethyl alcohol 60 to 70 Kerosene 30 to 40 a Paraffin oil 10 to 20 Water or nonammable 0 or nonammable a A standard kerosene of 100F (37.8C) ash point (closed cup) is rated 30 to 40. 3.2 The fol
28、lowing descriptions set forth procedures for the basic tests used to develop information for the rating of a liquid with respect to its re hazard under this Classication System. In the case of liquids intended for specic uses known to involve exposure to high temperatures or pressures, dissemination
29、 as spray or mist, or other special conditions related to the use, additional studies of ammability properties of the liquid under these pertinent conditions should be conducted, so as to provide supplementary information on re hazards due to the special conditions of use. 4 Glossary 4.1 For the pur
30、pose of this Standard, the following denitions apply: 4.2 FLAMMABLE LIMITS a) The minimum and maximum concentrations of a vapor in air which, if ignited, propagate ame in the vapor-air mixture independently of continued application of the source of ignition; also known as the lower and upper explosi
31、ve limits. No attempt is made to differentiate between the terms ammable and explosive as applied to limits as there is no practical difference in this context. These limits are usually expressed in terms of percentage by volume of vapor in mixture with air. The numerical difference between the uppe
32、r and lower ammable or explosive limits is known as the ammable or explosive range. b) Flammable or explosive limits are not physical constants for a given material, but depend upon the initial temperature and pressure, the shape and dimensions of the conning vessel, the direction of ame propagation
33、, turbulence, and the nature of the source of ignition. 4.3 FLAMMABILITY TEMPERATURE LIMIT JULY 24, 2017 TESTS FOR COMPARATIVE FLAMMABILITY OF LIQUIDS - UL 340 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL a) The minimum temperature at wh
34、ich vapor is evolved by a liquid in sufficient quantity to form a ammable mixture with the surrounding air. It is a function of the vapor pressure of the liquid and the lower ammable limit of the vapor at the prevailing temperature and pressure. While evaporation of a liquid occurs at temperatures b
35、elow the ammability temperature limit, the vapor pressure of the liquid at those temperatures will not produce a vapor concentration sufficient to form a ammable mixture with air. This temperature limit will vary with atmospheric pressure and to some extent with humidity. However, from the standpoin
36、t of this Standard, the ammability temperature limit depends principally on the test procedure and apparatus used (rate of temperature rise in the liquid, exposed surface area of the liquid, conditions of exposure to air, and the ignition means and location). b) The ammability temperature limit of l
37、iquids which are pure chemical compounds does not change during evaporation of the liquid, provided the ambient atmospheric pressure remains constant. In the case of liquids which are mixtures of compounds of different volatility and ammability characteristics, however, the ammability temperature li
38、mit of the residual liquid may increase or decrease on partial evaporation of the liquid. Thus a mixture of a nonammable highly volatile component and a ammable component of lower volatility may not form ammable vapor-air mixtures initially, but the residual liquid after partial evaporation may prod
39、uce ammable mixtures due to the decrease in the proportional amount of the volatile nonammable component. 4.4 FLASH POINT - a) The minimum temperature of a liquid at which vapor is evolved in sufficient quantity to form a ammable mixture with air, as determined using a specied ash point testing appa
40、ratus and test procedure. b) For many ammable liquids, the ash point, as determined with a conventional closed cup ash point tester, provides an indication of the ammability temperature limit. Some liquids, notably certain halogenated hydrocarbons or mixtures containing these compounds, produce vapo
41、r-air mixtures which do not yield a ash point when tested in a conventional ash point tester. In such cases, it is then necessary to conduct additional tests to determine the ammability temperature limit, or to determine that the liquid is nonammable. 4.5 IGNITION TEMPERATURE a) The minimum temperat
42、ure to which a vapor-air mixture must be raised by application of heat to produce autogenous combustion, as indicated by the appearance of ame or glow. b) The ignition temperature of a liquid is not a physical constant, and may be affected by variables such as the size, shape, and degree of connemen
43、t of the space in which the ignition occurs, catalytic and other actions of the heated surface, surface combustion, initial pressure, and the concentration of the vapor-air mixture. 4.6 SPONTANEOUS HEATING a) A rise in temperature above ambient due to chemical reaction of a combustible material itse
44、lf (exothermic decomposition or polymerization), or between a combustible material and a supporter of combustion, in the absence of external sources of heat such as ames, sparks, thermal radiation, or other heat sources above 100C. b) When the increase in temperature resulting from the chemical reac
45、tion is sufficient to cause ignition of the combustible, the process is known as spontaneous ignition. JULY 24, 2017 TESTS FOR COMPARATIVE FLAMMABILITY OF LIQUIDS - UL 340 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL c) In the case of ch
46、emically unsaturated liquids liable to spontaneous heating by reaction with the oxygen in air, the process may be accelerated by factors such as the ratio of surface area to volume of liquid (liquid distributed on brous material), the degree of ventilation, and the ambient temperature. PERFORMANCE 5
47、 General 5.1 Test information 5.1.1 The tests used to obtain data for the classication of liquids with respect to re hazard are to be conducted as described in Sections 6 through 12. 5.1.2 Burning Characterization (Section 9), Flash Point (Section 6), Ignition Temperature (Section 7) and Spontaneous
48、 Heating (Section 8) tests of the original liquid are typically performed for all products. Based on the results of these tests and available data on the composition of the liquid, some of the remaining tests are to be performed to obtain sufficient information to establish its re hazard rating in a
49、ccordance with the classication criteria given in Figure 13.1. The ow chart in Figure 13.1 provides guidelines for determining when these additional tests are necessary. 5.2 Preparation of partially evaporated samples 5.2.1 Partially evaporated samples for a liquid mixture having a boiling point below 200F (93.3C) containing nonammable, highly volatile component(s) and ammable component(s) are to be prepared by placing measured volumes
