1、AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) i ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) Safety Requirements for Shapers Secretariat Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America (WMMA) Approved for Public Comment American National Standards Institute, Inc. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) ii American National S
2、tandard O1.1-4 Safety Requirements for Shapers Table of Contents Contents Forward (This forward is not part of American National Standard O1.1-4 (2015).) iv 1. Scope, Purpose, and Application 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 1.3 Additional Requirements . 1 1.4 Machines Excluded 1 2. Definitions . 2 2.1
3、 Shaper: 2 2.2 Straight Line Profile Shaper 2 2.3 Climb Cutting 2 2.4 Curved Shaping 3 2.5 Fixture/Jig . 3 2.6 Freehand . 3 2.7 Lead in device. 3 2.8 Manual Shaping. . 3 2.9 Slip Knives 3 2.10 Stopped Work . 4 2.11 Tool holder. . 4 3. References 4 3.1 Normative References . 4 3.2 Informative Referen
4、ces. . 5 3.2.1 ANSI B11.TR 1, Ergonomic Guidelines for the Design, Installation And Use of Machine Tools. . 6 4. Hazard Identification and Control . 6 5. Standards for Design . 6 5.1 Controls 6 5.2 Length of Arbor/Spindle Thread . 7 5.3 Operating Speed . 7 5.4 Cutting tool diameter. 7 5.5 Tool Coast
5、ing Hazards 7 5.6 Vibration 7 5.7 Table Opening 7 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) iii 5.8 Manual Straight Line Shaping . 8 5.9 Curved Shaping 9 5.10 Tool Retention 10 5.11 Direction of rotation: Where the spindle is designed to run in two directions the following shall apply 11 5.12 H
6、ydraulic and pneumatic systems. 11 5.13 Stored energy. 12 5.14 Tool Access. . 12 5.15 Power transmission components . 13 5.16 Push stick and Push block 13 5.17 Noise. 13 5.18 Dust Extraction . 13 6. Responsibilities 14 6.1 Supplier . 14 6.2 Employer . 14 6.3 Employee 15 7. Machine Layout, Installati
7、on, Testing and Startup 15 7.1 General 16 7.2 Layout and installation 16 7.2.4 Dust Collection 16 7.3 Testing and start-up . 17 8. Safeguarding . 18 8.1 Guards . 18 8.1.2 Fixed guards 19 8.1.3 Movable guards . 19 8.2 Safeguarding devices 19 8.3 Awareness barriers and devices. 20 8.4 Safeguarding aga
8、inst specific hazards 20 8.5 Safe work procedures 21 9. Setup, Operation and Maintenance . 22 9.1 Maintenance Instructions 22 9.2 Machine set-up . 22 9.3 Maintenance 26 9.4 Training . 28 9.5 Supervision . 30 9.6 Initiation of normal operation 30 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) iv Forw
9、ard (This forward is not part of American National Standard O1.1-4 (2015).) Historical Perspective The revision of the original Safety Code for Woodworking Machinery was approved in 1944. The Standards Committee was reorganized in 1952, and the scope of the standard was changed. A comprehensive revi
10、sion of the section on cooperage machinery was completed and a new section dealing with radial-type saws was included. The resulting standard was issued in 1954 and reaffirmed in 1961. In 1969 the Standards Committee was again called and revised the 1954 (R1961) standard. The 1971 revision corrected
11、 and clarified several issues related to guarding and incorporated as a section of the standard an important head note in Section 6.1 of earlier versions of this standard. The standard was again revised and issued in 1975. In 1979 an amendment was made to the 1975 edition. Subsequent updates were pu
12、blished in 1992, 2002, 2004, 2009 and 2013. Prior to the 2004 edition, the committee adopted a resolution regarding the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The resolution remains in agreement with this edition and is therefore reproduced here: Resolved: As the standards develope
13、d by this committee are relevant to the health and safety of workers in the wood working industry, and as this committee is charged with developing such standards and recognized for its expertise in wood working industry safety and machinery, it is the intent and expectation of this committee that n
14、ewly published versions of standards developed by this committee be adopted by the US Department of Labor as regulations under the United States Occupational Safety and Health Act. The 2004 edition marked the beginning of a new process for the standard. Hereafter, the O1.1 standard will remain relat
15、ively static and new standards will be developed for specific machine within the scope of the O1.1 standard. Thus the O1.1 standard is considered an “umbrella” under which subsequent standards are developed. As a continuation of that process, the draft of the first edition of ANSI O1.1-4, Safety Req
16、uirements for Shapers was first published in 2015. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Wood Machinery Manufacturers of America, 9 Newport Drive, Suite 200, Forest Hill, MD 21050; jenniferwmma.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) v This
17、standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee O1. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC O1 had the following members: Jack Hyde
18、, Chairman System Safety Society Mary Bauer Occupational Safety and Health Administration Madison Burt Woodworking Machinery Industry Association Mark Craig (Alternate) Woodworking Machinery Industry Association Bruce Rosenthal SCM Group Brad Graves Accu-Router, Inc. Al Weaver American Society of Sa
19、fety Engineers Neal Growney (Alternate) American Society of Safety Engineers Dave Hanson Safety Speed Cut Manufacturing Richard Current National Institute for Occupational Safety the user should consult the current version of the standard. 1.3.2 Unless specified elsewhere, this standard shall become
20、 effective one year following the date of its publication, and apply to machines manufactured or re-manufactured after that date. 1.4 Machines Excluded AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 2 Routers, Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) Machines, machines equipped with outboard bearings; ma
21、chines equipped with powered movements of front extension table and/or tenoning sliding table; hand held woodworking machines or any adaptation permitting their use in a different mode, i.e. bench mounting. E1.4 See ANSI O1.1 for description of routers. 2. Definitions The definition of a term in thi
22、s standard is for the purpose of the standard and is not to be construed as universal in its application. E2. For additional applicable definitions, refer to ANSI O1.1. 2.1 Shaper: A machine that uses one or more fixed or tiltable vertical spindle(s), rotating cylindrical cutter(s) and a horizontal
23、table. The spindle(s) passes up through the plane of the table and its drive motor is located beneath the table. The machine may have any of the following features: a) the ability for the spindle to be raised and lowered through the table b) the ability to tilt the spindle E 2.1 A machine of this ty
24、pe may be a single or multiple spindle type. Some shapers have spindle(s) that can be adjusted to different angles to the table top. Some have sliding tables for straight line shaping. Internationally, shapers may be referred to as toupies (single spindle vertical moulding machines). 2.2 Straight Li
25、ne Profile Shaper: Incorporates a movable table that transports the workpiece in a straight line direction, and movable mounted spindle(s) that travel perpendicularly to the moving table in order to follow the profile of a template while shaping the workpiece edge. 2.3 Climb Cutting: Climb cutting i
26、s a cut where the workpiece is fed in the same direction as the rotation of the cutting tool. E2.3 Climb cutting is hazardous. The cutting tool can catch the workpiece and pull the operators hands into the rotating tool. The operator cannot hold the workpiece tightly enough to AMERICAN NATIONAL STAN
27、DARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 3 overcome this force. This operation should only be performed in conjunction with a power feeder. 2.4 Curved Shaping: Machining of a curve on a work-piece by having one side in contact with the table (or if held in a jig with the jig in contact with the table) and the other
28、 in contact with the vertical reference of a steady or arbor collar when using a jig. 2.5 Fixture/Jig: A device to locate, hold, and or clamp one or more work pieces in the desired position so operations can be performed and keep the operators hands a safe distance from the cutting tool. E 2.5 Fixtu
29、res/Jig: The design of devices of this type is typically dependent upon the design of the workpiece or operation being processed. 2.6 Freehand: Operation where the operator hand-feeds a workpiece against the cutting tool to complete an operation without the use of a guide, locating device, or power
30、feeder and where the machining of the workpiece is entirely dependent on the skill of the operator. 2.7 Lead in device: A device that provides a fulcrum to guide and steady the workpiece during the start of the cut. E2.7 Starting pins or fixtures can be types of lead in device(s). 2.8 Manual Shaping
31、. Any shaping operation on a stationary spindle shaper where the workpiece is hand-fed and controlled by the operator. 2.9 Slip Knives: A cutting tool with a profile on one edge E 2.9 Slip knives are sometimes known as “Open Knife Tooling” AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 4 that is mou
32、nted between two platens and is held in place by the clamping pressure of the two platens. 2.10 Stopped Work: A straight cut where the cut extends over part of the length of the workpiece. The cutters have to break into or out of the solid face of the workpiece instead of starting at the end of the
33、workpiece. E. 2.10 May also be known as Plunge Cuts, Blind Cut, or interrupted cuts. 2.11 Tool holder. A device that holds the tool and transmits the rotation of the spindle to the tool. It may or may not be integral to the spindle. 3. References 3.1 Normative References: Applicable portions of the
34、following standards, through reference in the text of this standard, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the references indicated were valid for their applications to this standard. All standards are subject to revision. Users of this American Nation
35、al Standard should apply the most recent edition of each standard indicated below. 3.1.1 ANSI O1.1 Safety Requirements for Woodworking Machinery. 3.1.2 ANSI B11.0, Safety of Machinery General Requirements and Risk assessment. 3.1.3 ANSI / NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
36、S ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 5 3.1.4 ANSI / NFPA 70E, Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces. 3.1.5 ANSI / NFPA 79, Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery. 3.1.6 ANSI Z535, Safety Standards for Signs, Labels and Instructions. 3.1.6.1. ANSI Z535.1, Safety Colors. 3.1.6.2ANSI Z535.2 Spec
37、ification for Environmental and Safety Signs 3.1.6.3 ANSI Z535.3, Criteria for Safety Symbols. 3.1.6.4 ANSI Z535.4, Product Safety Signs and Labels. 3.1.6.5 ANSI Z535.5, Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards). 3.1.6.6 ANSI Z535.6, Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instr
38、uctions, and Other Collateral Materials. 3.1.7 ANSI B11.19, Performance Requirements for Safeguarding. 3.1.8 ANSI B11.TR 5, Sound Level Measurement Guidelines. 3.1.9 NFPA 664: Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities. 3.1.10 ANSI/ASSE Z244.1 C
39、ontrol of Hazardous Energy Lockout/Tagout and Alternative Methods. 3.2 Informative References. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 6 3.2.1 ANSI B11.TR 1, Ergonomic Guidelines for the Design, Installation and Use of Machine Tools. 3.2.2 ASME/ANSI B20.1 Safety Standard for Conveyors and Rel
40、ated Equipment. 3.2.3 47CFR Telecommunications Parts 2, 15, and 18. 3.2.4 ANSI B11.20 Safety Requirements for Integrated Manufacturing Systems. 4. Hazard Identification and Control Hazard identification and control shall comply with ANSI B11.0, Safety of Machinery General Requirements and Risk asses
41、sment. 5. Standards for Design 5.1 Controls 5.1.1 Main Operating Controls. The main operating controls for starting, normal stopping, emergency stopping, spindle adjustment, and direction of rotation shall be located in an area where they are accessible to the operator in their normal operating posi
42、tion. 5.1.2 Normal Stop. A stop control shall be used which stops all machine actions. 5.1.3 Emergency Stop. When operated, the emergency stop shall stop all motion in a safe manner, as specified in NFPA 79. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 7 5.2 Length of Arbor/Spindle Thread: When cu
43、tting tools are secured by means of a central arbor nut the thread of the arbor/spindle shall be of a sufficient length to allow all of the threads on the nut to be fully engaged on the spindle. 5.3 Operating Speed: The operating speed(s) or range of speeds for which the machine was designed shall b
44、e marked on the machine and easily visible from the area where the speed is changed. E 5.3 Operating Speeds: Some tools may not be suitable for all the possible spindle speeds of the machine. The operator/setup person must know the speed the machine spindle will rotate so that cutting tools can be m
45、atched to the operating speed. 5.4 Cutting tool diameter. The manufacturer shall specify the maximum permissible cutting tool diameter. 5.5 Tool Coasting Hazards: Where normal use exposes the operator to the potential for injury due to a revolving or moving tool after the power has been de-energized
46、; means shall be provided to stop the revolving tool as fast as reasonably possible without creating additional hazards, but in no case longer than 10 seconds. . E5.5 Tool Coasting Hazard: Means to satisfy this requirement include braking devices, or coasting time less than 10 seconds. The coasting
47、time will vary with the size of the tool on the spindle 5.6 Vibration: The equipment shall not vibrate excessively when operated, and shall not be operated if vibration exceeds manufacture specifications. E5.6 Excessive vibration can compromise structural integrity of the equipment and produce machi
48、ne failures. In addition, vibration can cause adverse physiological effects. The equipment user should consult applicable standards and regulations regarding allowable exposures for whole body and hand-arm vibration. 5.7 Table Opening: 5.7.1 The opening in the table shall be AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDA
49、RDS ANSI O1.1-4 (2015) 8 kept within 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) of the largest diameter cutting tool recommended for use on the machine. When smaller diameter cutting tools are used; inserts shall be employed to support the workpiece. 5.7.2 Table inserts shall be made available to maintain a maximum tool clearance of 0.25 inch and support the workpiece when smaller cutters are employed. 5.7.3 Table inserts shall be so designed to resist dislocation during normal machine operation with a tool installed. 5.8 Manual Straight Line Shaping: Sha
