1、NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE ADS-20-HDBK 19 DECEMBER 2005 SUPERSEDING ADS-20-A JUNE 1993 AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD HANDBOOK ARMAMENT AND FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM SURVEY FOR ARMY AIRCRAFT This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. AMSC NIA FSC lOGP DISTRIBUTION STATEME
2、NT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command and is available for use by all
3、 departments and agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This handbook includes guidance for use of an Armament and Fire Control System Survey on Army aircraft. It also includes format changes to comply with MIL-STD-967, Department of Defense Standard Practice for Defense Handbooks Format and Cont
4、ent. 3. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to Commander, U. S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center, ATTN: AMSRD-AMR-SE-TD-ST, Huntsville, AL 35898 or emailed to WilliamSmithrdec.re
5、dstone.army.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSlST Online database at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/. 4. Technical questions may be addressed to the following office: U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research
6、, Development and Engineering Center Redstone Arsenal ATTN: AMSRD-AMR-AE-S-W Building 4488, Room C-3 16 Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5000 Telephone: Commercial (256) 3 13-8465 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD
7、 HANDBOOK FOR ARMAMENT AND FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM SURVEY FOR ARMY AIRCRAFT FUNCTIONAL DIVISION: David B. Cripps Chief. Mission Equipment Division Aviation Engineering Directorate Research. Development, and Engineering Command / SUBMITTED BY: Acting ihctor of Aviation Engineering Research, Development,
8、and Engineering Command APPROVED BY: 4. however, the “fire control“ test articles are less obvious. For purposes of this handbook, the fire control system will consist of any hardware and software that is necessary to perform target acquisitioddesignation, target state estimation, aircraft state sen
9、sing, environment sensing, sensor input processing, ballistic solution processing and the stores management, aiming, launching/firing/dispensing and conduct post-launch controlling of the munitions. General guidance on fire control systems can be found in MIL-HDBK-799. While the particular elements
10、of the test may be tailored for each survey, the items (hardware and associated software) that are usually tested under an AFCSS are the following: a. Missile Subsystem. b. Aerial Rocket Subsystem. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-c. G
11、un Subsystem. d. External Stores Subsystem. e. Target Acquisition/Designation Subsystem including detectors, trackers, designators and range finders. f. Helmet Mounted Sight Subsystem. g. Fire Control Subsystem, including interfacing sensors such as air data, aircraft attitude, rate sensors, radar,
12、electro-optics and inertial navigation system (INS)/global positioning system (GPS). h. Cockpit displays, symbol generator, and control panels. i. Fire control computer, weapons and mission processors, weaponsffire control algorithms and ballistic coefficients. j. Aircraft Data Bus Subsystem. k. Sto
13、res Management System. 1. Armamentlfire control datalinks (munitions post-launch control and armed unmanned air vehicle (UAV) control). m. Target cueing, slaving and handover equipment and interfaces. n. Boresighting Subsystem. o. Armament loaderfdownloader and other support equipment. 5. DETAILED R
14、EQUIREMENTS 5.1 AFCSS test plan. The contractor will prepare an AFCSS test plan that describes a systematic ground and flight test program designed to proceed in an orderly manner from installation of the system through determination of the armament and fire control capabilities, The plan should inc
15、lude the following elements: a. State the aircraft configuration required for ground and flight testing. b. Define the location and conditions required for ground and flight testing, including any required Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) such as ammunition. c. Define the fire control tests, inc
16、luding target acquisition/designation, and the armament firing tests for both day and night conditions. d. Define the instrumentation for tests. e. Define the data analyses methods and reporting criteria. f. Provide a proposed schedule, including any required AWRs for tests and meetingslreviews with
17、 the Government, such as an FRR. 5.2 Test requirements. The tests usually consist of both aircraft ground tests and flight tests. Ground tests include non-firing and firing tests and flight tests include non-firing and firing tests. To maximize safety, non-firing tests are conducted first, followed
18、by firing tests. Note: When no guidance document is specifically cited in the following sub-paragraphs, ADS-45-HDBK and MIL-HDBK-1763 are considered to be the best top-level documents to use. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.2.1 Non-
19、firing ground tests. These tests encompass all items requiring verification of safe functionality before the ground firing tests. They usually include, but are not limited to, the following: 5.2.1.1 Armamentlfire control operations. Verify cockpit procedures utilizing the installed armamentlfire con
20、trol system. Armamentlfire controllaircraft control logic interface should be checked. Functional checkout of target acquisitioddesignation subsystem modes (including symbology) should be conducted. The armament and fire control WILIs should be verified to the extent possible in ground tests, using
21、actual out-of-constraint signals or by injecting signals into the databus to simulate the actual signals. 5.2.1.2 Armamentlfire control boresight. Boresight procedures, boresight accuracy and boresight retention should be checked. Particular attention should be paid to the elements of the target acq
22、uisitioddesignation subsystem. If an onboardlin-flight “dynamic“ boresight capability exists, both static (ground test) and dynamic (flight test) capabilities should be tested. 5.2.1.3 Arming vrocedures. Procedures for the uploading and downloading of ammunition and stores, including safety procedur
23、es, should be developed and verified. 5.2.1.4 Static clearances. Clearances should be verified using MIL-STD-1289. Intended to insure clearance for worst case aircraft maneuvers, stores clearances should be verified by measurement in static ground fit tests. They should include store-to-ground, stor
24、e-to-aircraft, store-to-store, store-to-pylon, munition-to-munition within a store (rail launched) and store ejection clearance. Trajectory clearance from the aircraft for all armament munitions should be verified prior to first launchlfiring. 5.2.1.5 Display resolution. Determine sensors performanc
25、e parameters (minimum resolvable temperature, sensors field of view, etc.) while installed on the aircraft and in operating status with aircraft power, instead of employing laboratory measurement. 5.2.1.6 m. Determine adequacy of light security, image uniformity, and image clarity when operating off
26、 aircraft power. Verify the accuracy of the armament aiming and cueing symbology. 5.2.1.7 Sensor switching. Determine switching time between fields-of-view (FOVs) and interchange of all elements. 5.2.1.8 Target acquisitioddesianation subsystem. Determine turret slew rates, acceleration, position acc
27、uracy, and gimbal freedom throughout the specified angular coverage. 5.2.1.9 Laser designator. Verify laser designation characteristics and safety. 5.2.1.10 Laser ranefinder. Verify laser rangefinder characteristics, i.e., range accuracy, receiver sensitivity, etc. 5.2.1.1 1 Laserspot Check LST codi
28、ng tracking accuracy, sensitivity, and stabilization. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-5.2.1.12 Cniogenic cooling. Verify Forward Looking Infra-Red (FLIR) sensor cool- down time. 5.2.1.13 Fire control inteuation. Evaluate and validate
29、the joint functioning of installed subsystems such as fire control computer or weapons processor, air data sensors, helmet sights, target acquisition/designation subsystem, flexible guns and navigational inputs. Validate software functioning (accuracy, correctness) and end-to-end integration, includ
30、ing verification that there is no adverse impact on other aircraft systems. 5.2.1.14 Electromagnetic environmental effects. Ensure that operation of the armamenthire control subsystems does not affect other aircraft systems nor is affected by other aircraft systems and the external operating environ
31、ment. See applicable portions of ADS-45- HDBK. These requirements also apply to firing ground tests and flight tests. 5.2.1.15 Environmental conditions. Verify operability throughout the range of conditions specified in the aircraft system specification (limited to extent feasible at test site). See
32、 applicable portion of ADS-45-HDBK. 5.2.1.16 Shipboard operations. Verify the capability of the armament and fire control subsystems to operate safely and effectively on and in proximity to Navy ships. Factors to assess should include Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) and Elect
33、romagnetic - Vulnerability requirements (see ADS-45-HDBK), ordnance uploading/donloading, boresighting, shiplaircraft tie-down compatibility and safeing of the weapon systems (power down). 5.2.2 Firing ground tests. Firing tests should be conducted with the aircraft on the ground to verifyldetermine
34、 the following: a. Start-up time to first launchlfiring. b. Debris pattern and its potential for foreign object damage (FOD) to the aircraft. c. Gas accumulation in cockpit and any effects on the crew and engine(s). d. Cockpit noise level at all expected crew member locations and any effects on the
35、crew. e. Turretlgun system performance parameters such as elevation and traverse limits, slew rates. acceleration and position accuracy. Where feasible, armament parameters should be first verified in non-firing tests. f. External stores travel, slew rates, acceleration synchronization and position
36、accuracy with typical loads. g. Missile, rocket and gun projectile trajectory clearance of the rotor and other aircraft surfaces. h. Gun firing rates, recoil loads and ammunition belt loads (if linked). Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
37、-i. Effects of gun firing and missile launch on the target acquisitioddesignation subsystem (including tracking), on the crewlcockpit (flash intensity) and vibration. j. Airframe and target acquisitioddesignation subsystem response to blast effects, debris and weapon rate of fire throughout the cove
38、rage of the subsystem. k. Existence of launch transients that could cause erratic or errant missilelrocket flight trajectory. 5.2.3 Flight tests. Aircraft flight tests should consist of non-firing tests followed by firing tests. The non-firing flight tests should consist of captive-carriage tests wi
39、th captive flight trainers, training missiles and dummy ordnance in lieu of live ordnance. The armament and fire control WILIs should be rechecked in captive carriage tests. The non-firing tests should confirm safe functionality before the start of flight firing tests. Flight tests should be conduct
40、ed within the design operational flight envelope. These tests should include hover (IGEIOGE) cruise and VH conditions. Dynamic engagement maneuvers, planned for use by the military user community, should also be included. The items examined should include, but are not limited to the following: 5.2.3
41、.1 Aircraft flight performance. Determine the effects of the armament subsystem installation or aircraft performance stability and control throughout the flight envelope of the aircraft, including hover, low speed translational flight, take-off and landing, climb, level flight, maneuvering flight an
42、d autorotation. 5.2.3.2 Target acauisitioddesimation subsystem pointing. Verify target acquisition/ designation subsystem daylnight pointing throughout the gimbal field-of-regard and flight envelope. This test should include boresight retention. 5.2.3.3 Laser range. Verify laser ranging accuracy. 5.
43、2.3.4 Laser designator. Determine laser designation characteristics including beam divergence, pulse energy, pulse width, average power, pulse repetition frequencylpulse interval 4 modulation (PRFPIM) codes, center wavelength, line width, pulse-to-pulse stability and missing pulses. 5.2.3.5 Target a
44、cquisition/designation. Establish target acquisition (detection, recognition)/designation capability during daylnight conditions. Specific data points should be developed that exercise the following parameters: a. Aircraft parameters Straight and level Diving engagement Hover - masklunmask Evasive m
45、aneuvers - exercise sensors gimbal angles Altitude - exercise elevation angles Airspeed - varied to V, NOE flight Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-b. Sensorlmode of operation FLIR (day and night) TV Laser designation (codes) Laser trac
46、ker (coding, accuracy, sensitivity) Radar Direct view optics Sensor fusion Boresight Manuallautotrack Seeker video to ownship c. Target parameters Moving Stationary Evasive Search to find tactical targets and target boards (for Precision Measurement of tracking accuracy) Hovering Pop-up d. Meteorolo
47、gical conditions Targetbackground contrast varied Nightlday Low sun angleshacklighted target Reduced visibility (fog, haze, smoke, light rain) 5.2.3.6 Navigation cavability of target acquisitioddesignation subsystem. Determine navigational accuracy that can be achieved when using the target acquisit
48、ioddesignation subsystem for visualreference during checkpoint navigation. betermine extent to which the target acquisitioddesignation subsystem may be used to assist the pilot during low level obstacle avoidance. However, while making this determination and until the performance of the target acqui
49、sitioddesignation subsystem and its impact on the pilots situational awareness are verified, the subsystem should not be used as a primary flight reference. 5.2.3.7 Target acauisitioddesignation subsystem handoff. Verify target acquisitioddesignation subsystem handoff. Conduct trials using the on-board LST to verify target handoff both air-to-air and ground-to-air. In addition, conduct
