1、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MI L-HDBK- 1 54B 9 July 1982 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Washington, DC 20301 Inspection of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Farns and Packing Sheds in Oversea Areas MI L-HDBK-154B 1. This Military Handbook is appr
2、oved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comnents (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving thls document should be addressed to Commandant, Academy of Health Sciences, US Army, ATTN: HSHA-IVS, Fort
3、 Sam Houston, TX 78234, by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improve- ment Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. -i /I- ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4、 9- 10 APPENDIX A 6- C D E F FIGURE 1 2 3 4 5 1 . MIL-HDBK-LS9B 87 M 9797970 0048836 O MIL-HDBK-154B 9 July 1982 CONTENTS PAGE 1 1 2 3 4 5 8 10 12 14 16 19 24 29 31 32 26 26 27 . 27 28 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-154B
5、 87 7777970 0048837 2 1. SCOPE MIL-HDBK-154B 9 July 1982 1.1 Purpose. This handbook establishes guide1 ines for fresh fruit and vegetable farms and packing sheds in oversea areas furnishing locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables to the US Armed Forces. 1.2 Application. This handbook is applicable
6、 to all types of fresh fruit and vegetable farms and packing sheds in oversea areas that furnish locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables destined for Armed Forces procurement, and for which detailed guidelines relating to specific types of farms and packing sheds are not available, or applicable,
7、This handbook is intended as a guide to medical food inspection personnel (IAW AR 40-657/NAVSUPINST 4355.4C/AFR 163-2IMCOP 1 O1 1 O. 31 D) who are respons i- ble for establishing and maintaining a food inspection program in support of US Armed Forces procurement of -locally grown fresh fruits and ve
8、getables in oversea areas. that are free from microbiological , chemicai , and physical Contaminants and to pre- vent the transmission of foodborne disease to members of the Armed Forces. handbook provides information concerning the disease-transmission potential of fresh fruits and vegetables and s
9、ome of those diseases most comnonly transmitted through soil and water to.man. 1.4 Limitations. The most practical surveillance program for the control of parasltic ova on fresh fruits and vegetables is the examination of fresh salad- type vegetables as described in Appendix E, commanders feel that
10、a more comprehensive program may be justified, due to increased incidence of disease, a complete inspection program may be initiated. . 1.3 Objectives. This handbook is intended to insure clean, wholesome food products This However, in those instances where 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following docu
11、ments of the issue in effect on date of invitation for bids, or request for proposal, form a part of this handbook to the extent specified herein. LAWS AND REGULATIONS US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 21, Food and Drug, and Regulations Promu1
12、gated Thereunder (Application for copies should be addressed to Superintendent of Pub1 ic Documents , US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. ) Governmental c, AR 40-5, Health and Environment AR 40-657/NAVSUPINST 4355.4C/AFR 163-2/MCOP 10110.31D, Veterinary Food TM 5-700, Field Water Su
13、pply NAVMED P-5010-1, Food Sanitation, Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine FM 21-10, Field Hygi,ene and Sanitation (Copies of regulations, technical manuals, and field manuals may be obtained from Inspecti on normal mi 1 i tary pub1 i cati on channels e ) T Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproducti
14、on or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-154B 9 July 1982 Nongovernmental American Public Heal th Association, Control of Communicable Diseases in Man (Requests for copies should be addressed to American Public Health Association, 1015 Eighteenth Street NW, Washington, D.C 20
15、036.) 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Approved .farm. An approved farm is a clearly-defined growing area approved by the commander of the major oversea command for the production of fresh fruits and vegetables for consumption by US Armed Forces personnel. 3.2 Approved packing shed. An approved packing shed and p
16、remises is a building that has been inspected and approved by the commander of the major oversea command for the washing, culling, trimming, and packing of fresh fruits and vegetables be- fore delivery to the US Armed Forces. 3.3 Chlorine-contact time. The chlorine-contact time is the period of time
17、 elapsinq between the time the chlorine is added to the water and the time when that particular water is used. 3.4 Chlorine demand. 3.5 Chlorine dosage. The amount of the chlorine dosage which reacts.with and is consumed by organic material, bacteria, and other materials in the water. The chlorine d
18、osage is the amount of chlorine added to water to satisfy the chlorine demand as well as to provide a residual after a specified time. 3.6 Chlorine residual. demand has been satisfied. Dosage minus demand equals residual. 3.7 Free available chlorine. The total available residual chlorine present at
19、the end of a specified contact period. The amount of the chlorine dosage remaining after the 3.8 Fresh salad-type fruits and vegetables. Fresh salad-type fruits and vegetables are those fresh fruits and vegetables that normally are not peeled, pared, or cooked prior to eating. 3.9 Initial inspection
20、. An initial inspection is a sanitary inspection of a . farm or packing shed that is conducted to determine if the farm or packing shed meets the minimum sanitary requirements of this handbook. 3.10 Plot. A plot or farm plot is an identifiable subdivision of a farm. 3.11 Routine inspection. A routin
21、e inspection is a sanitary inspection performed at regular intervals following an initial inspection in which the farm or packing shed has met the sanitation requirements. 3.12 Special inspection. A special inspection (followup inspection) is an inspec- tion conducted to determine if deficiencies no
22、ted on an earlier inspection have been corrected. 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-LSqB 7 7779770 OOLi37 b W MIL-HDBK-154B 9 July 1982 4. THE INSPECTION PROGRAM 4.1 Responsibilities, 4.1 *1 personnel under his jurisdiction f
23、rom communicable disease and environmental conditions which may become deleterious to health. 4.1.2 Surgeon or medical officer, The surgeon or medical officer is responsible for recommending the initiation of the comprehensive cornand program of preventive medicine to safeguard health. is responsibl
24、e for identifying insanitary conditions associated with subsistence and for making proper recommendations for their correction. is to advise the surgeon on the inspection and approval of indigenous foods and their sources. Commander. The conmander is responsible for providing protection for all 4.1.
25、3 Veterinarian. The veterinarian, as a professional advisor to the surgeon, One of his duties 3 4.2 Preparing the directive. Normally, a command directive, such. as a circular, regulation, or operating memorandum will provide the authority for instituting a preventive medicine program. The contents
26、of the directive establ ishing and govern- ing the conduct and procedures of the program will depend upon the desires of the surgeon and the commander. It may contain procedures for. al 1 aspects of the program or separate directives may be issued for each facet of the program; for example, the insp
27、ection and approval of indigenous foods and beverages and their sources may be covered by one directive; procedures for soil sampling may be covered by a second directive; and sanitary requirements for farms by a third. directive that should be used, with madification to f.it the local situation, ma
28、y be found in Appendix A. supplements to AR 40-657. Local conditions and aspects which must be considered before an effective control program can be established are: An example of a command This appendix material should be incorporated into cornand a. The status of the US Armed Forces in the country
29、. b. Whether the US Armed Forces is i.n control or a guest in a sovereign country. c. The local farm customs and practices. d. Whether the farms .are individually owned, operated by a cooperative, or con- Whether the farms are under single managers or subdivided into plots, each trol 1 ed by. the go
30、vernment. with its own manager. e. f. The marketing policy of the country (-.e., can the US Armed Forces deal The control measures that wll be necessary to provide good assurance that directly with the farmers). g. approved farms do not become outlets for fresh fruits and vegetables from nonapproved
31、 farms Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_-_ - - -_i-=-l _I_ -_ MIL-HDBK-LS4B 87 = 7777970 0048840 2 M MIL-HDBK-1548 9 July 1982 5. FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 5.1 Fresh fruits. Fresh fruits can be an important vehicle in the transmissi
32、on of disease to man. Therefore, increased emphasis must be placed upon proper surveillance of the areas of procurement of fresh fruits which can be easily contaminated and difficult to clean (e.g., strawberries by parasitic ova). Fresh fruits, such as apples, peaches, and pears, normally eaten with
33、 the skin on, should be thoroughly washed and scrubbed with a brush before they are eaten. This procedure will remove pesticides that may be on the fruit. Fresh fruit, in which skin has been broken or the stem pulled, should be washed thoroughly and the defective area cut out with a knife prior to c
34、onsumption. Three groups of microorganisms which are commonly found on fresh fruits are spoilage organisms, fermentation organisms, and pathogenic organisms. found in soil and water, they have an excellent opportunity to contaminate fresh fruits. The disease-causing organisms most likely to be found
35、 on fresh fruits are those that cause cholera, dysenterycand typhoid fever. is normally sterile, the disease-transmission potential is derived primarily from external contamination. This contamination will usually result from contact with the soil and water on the farm or from handling at the packin
36、g shed, including the use of polluted water to “freshen“ the product. Fresh vegetables are often implicated in the transmission of disease to man. Since the edible portions are grown in or near the ground, they have greater opportunity to become contaminated by soi 1 and water microorganisms. It is
37、recommended that water chestnuts, watercress, lotus, water bamboo, and other aquatic plants not be procured from local sources where intestinal and hepatic flukes are prevalent. 5.1.1 Microbiology of fresh fruits. Since many organisms which cause intestinal diseases are Since the meat of fresh fruit
38、s 5.2 Fresh vegetables. 5.2.1 Fresh salad-type vegetables. Fresh salad-type vegetables include: cabbage, carrots, celery, chives, cucumbers, endive, green garlic, leeks, lettuce, green onions, parsely, scallions, Swiss chard, peppers, radishes, and watercress. Any other fresh vegetables that are eat
39、en raw with the skin on or the rind intact may also be classified as salad-type vegetables. 5.2.2 Fresh nonsalad-type vegetables. Fresh nonsalad-type vegetables include: potatoes, sweet potatoes, string beans, okra, eggplant, and spinach reens. These Therefore, the disease-transmission potential of
40、this type of fresh vegetable is not as great as that of the fresh salad-type, hand1 ing of fresh nonsalad-type vegetables does not recul t in contamination of the kitchen, prepared foods, fresh sal ad-type vegetables , and/or utensi 1s. if consumed as a fresh salad-type vegetable, should be disinfec
41、ted prior to consump- tion. Two groups of microorganisms which are commonly found on fresh vegetables are spoilage organisms and pathogenic organisms. AS with fresh fruits, the tissues of fresh vegetables are normally sterile. contamination usually results from contact with the soil, irrigation wate
42、r, or in- sanitary handling and packing practices. The washing of fresh vegetables removes soil contamination but does little to remove bacterial contamination. Fresh salad-type fresh vegetables include those that are usually consumed after they 1 ave been cooked. However, care must be taken to assu
43、re that Spinach greens, 5.2.3 Microbiology of fresh Vegetables. Surface 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-LSqB 87 W 7477970 0048842 4 W MIL-HDBK-154B 9 July 1982 vegetables are most likely to be involved in disease transmissi
44、on since they are eaten raw. contaminated vegetables. cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and paratyphoid fevers. The intestinal diseases and hepatitis A may be transmi.tted by fresh The intestinal diseases include intestinal parasites, 5.3 Pesticides. In many areas pesticides are used routinely on plants
45、and crops. Pesticides used on crops incl ude i nsecti ci des , fungi ci des , and herbi ci des. pesticides are used on farms which supply fresh fruits and vegetables to the US Armed Forces, the inspector should determine that they are used only as .instructed by the pesticide manufacturer. The use o
46、f indigenous pesticides n plants and crops should be permitted only when the manufacturer can provide authoritative evidence that the product and its instructions for use comply with the provisions of the US Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. When entomological advice or clarification is required, a requ
47、est will be initiated to the supporting comand/staff entomologist. The inspec- tor will inspect th label on the container of any pesticide to be used to insure that the label states (1) that the pesticide is authorized for use on the plant or crop to be purchased for consumption by US Armed Forces;
48、(2) provides information on timing of last application prior to harvest; and (3) whether or not any restriction on thenumber of applications or vol ume of finished pesticide preparation which can be applied is stated. Action will be initiated to insure that such use restriction as stated on the labe
49、l or as provided by a consulting entomologist are followed. The cleaning and disinfecting of fresh fruits and vegetables required in AR 40-5 is primarily concerned with the destruction of di sease-producing organisms. However, it is also a definite aid in removing pesticide residues that may be present. If 6. NIGHT SOIL (HUMAN EXCRETA) 6.1 General. For centuries, night soil has been used in many countries a
