1、 NIL-HDBK-1941 9999970 0262479 655 MIL-HDBK-1941 16 September 1998 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-1941 (MR) 23 September 1983 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK METAL-ARC WELDING OF HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR This handbook is for guidance only. Do not cite this document as a requirement. MSC N/A AREA THJM Provided by IHSNo
2、t for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1941 9999970 0262480 377 9 MIL-HDBK-1941 FOREWORD 1. This handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot b
3、e cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply. 3. MIL-HDBK-1941 prescribes the classification of methods for the welding of homogeneous steel armor by metal-arc processes. Included in the document are joint-welding procedure details, welders qualification requirements, a
4、nd ballistic and inspection criteria for the evaluation of weldments employed in the fabrication of homogeneous rolled and cast armor. 4. All information and data contained in this handbook have been coordinated with industry and the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force and DW prior to publication. 5. Copies
5、of this document and revisions thereto may be obtained from the Defense Automated Printing Service, Bldg. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. 6. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should b
6、e addressed to: Director, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, ATTN: AMSRL-WM-M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. ii Provided by
7、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-3943 = 9999970 O262483 203 = MIL-HDBK-1941 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE Foreword ii 1 . SCOPE 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Classification 1 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 1 2.1 General . 1 2.2 Government documents 1 2.2.1 Spe
8、cifications. standards. and handbooks 1 2.3 Non-Government publications . 2 2.4 Order of precedence . 3 3 . DEFINITIONS 3 3.1 Contractor and manufacturer . 3 3.2 Welding symbols . 3 3.3 Welding terms and definitions . 3 3.4 Routine positions . 3 3.5 Random positions 3 4 . GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3 4.1
9、Weldments . 3 4.2 Armor . 3 4.3 Preparation of welding procedures and drawings . 3 4.4 Welders qualification . 3 4.6 Metric units 4 4.5 Number of radiographs . 3 5 . DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 4 5.1 Recorded joint-welding procedure 4 5.2 Types of electrodes used in conjunction with the various welding me
10、thods . 4 5.2.1 Method 1 4 5.2.2 Method 2 4 5.2.3 Method 3 . 4 5.2.4 Method 4 4 5.2.5 Method 5 4 5.3 Shielding gas . 5 5.3.1 Composition . 5 5.3.2 Dew point . 5 5.3.3 Volume 5 5.4 Heating of weldments 5 5.4.1 Preheating 5 5.4.2 Postheating . 5 5.5 Repair welding procedures . 5 5.7 Qualification for
11、radiographic and joint welding 5.4.3 Interpass temperature . 5 5.6 Welded attachment procedures 5 procedures 5 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1941 CONTENTS PAGE PARAGRAPH . 5.7.1 5.7.1.1 5.7.2 5.8 5.8.1 5.8.1.1 5.8.1.2 5
12、.8.1.2.1 5.8.1.2.2 5.8.1.3 5.8.1.3.1 5.8.1.3.2 5.8.2 5.8.3 5.8.3.1 5.8.4 5.8.4.1 5.8.4.2 5.8.4.3 5.8.5 5.8.5.1 5.8.5.2 5.8.5.2.1 5.8.5.2.2 5.8.5.2.3 5.8.5.3 5.8.5.3.1 5.8.5.3.2 5.8.5.3.3 5.8.6 5.8.7 5.8.8 5.8.9 5.8.9.1 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.1.1 5.9.1.2 5.9.1.3 5.9.1.3.1 5.9.1.3.1.1 5.9.1.3.1.2 5.9.1.3.2 5.9
13、.1.4 5.9.1.5 5.10 5.10.1 5.10.2 Test samples and workmanship specimens Fabrication of ballistic test samples and workmanship specimens . Sample production weldment Ballistic testing requirements Test samples Dimensions Number of test samples Joint types . Different armors For joint types 1. 2. 4. or
14、 5 . For joint types 3. 6. or 7 Preparation of the ballistic test plate . Identification marking of test plates . Marking of retest plates Ballistic test requirements . Ballistic testing . Allowable cracking Magnetic particle or penetrant test . Test method . Test decision on additional impacts . Lo
15、cation of impact Direct impact . Point of impact . Unacceptable and acceptable impacts . Evaluation of test results Parallel cracks . Cracks outside the acceptable limits for impacts Condition for a “no test“ decision Visual examination of test plates . Radiographic inspection of the test plate . Re
16、pair of test plate Rejection of ballistic test plate . Retests . Workmanship . Test specimens . Number Dimensions Preparation of specimens Full penetration weld Specimens . Joint types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. and 7 . Joint types 8 and 9 . Partial penetration weld specimens Test method . Visual examination
17、 Radiographic procedure Radiographic drawings . Pilot vehicles Fabrication of test samples . 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
18、S-,-,-PARAGRAPH 5.10.3 5.10.3.1 5.10.3.2 5.11 5.11.1 5.11.1.1 5.11.1.2 5.11.1.2.1 5.11.1.3 5.11.2 5.11.2.1 5.11.2.2 5.11.2.3 5.11.2.4 5.11.2.5 5.11.2.6 5.11.3 6 . NOTES 6.1 6.2 6.3 FORM A.1 . A.2 . A.4 . A.5 . A.6 . A.7 . A.8 . A.9 . A.11 . A.12 . A.13 . A.14 . A.15 . FIGURE A.3 . A.10 . B.16 . B.17
19、 . NIL-HDBK-1941 9999970 0262483 08b MIL-HDBK-1941 CONTENTS PAGE Initial weldments . 11 Film and position chart . 12 Radiographic procedure 12 Inspection of production weldments 12 Visual 12 Welding procedure . 12 Welds . 12 Markings of repairs to weldments 12 Inspection of weldments subjected to st
20、raightening 12 Radiographic 12 Spot checking . 12 Daily exposure requirements . 13 Selection of joints for radiography . 13 Rejectable joints . 13 Corresponding joints 13 Checking of consecutive weldments . 13 Quality control . 13 13 Intended use 13 Subject term (key word) listing . 14 Changes to pr
21、evious issue . 14 Cover sheet . 18 Table of contents for the welding procedure . 19 Summary of qualification tests for recorded joint welding procedure . 21 Summary of armor types and compositions . 22 Summary of electrodes with welding currents and voltages 23 Recorded joint welding procedure No .
22、1 Joint A-A 24 Recorded joint welding procedure No . 2 Joint B-B 25 Recorded joint welding procedure No . 3 Joint C-C 26 Recorded joint welding procedure No . 8a Joint H-H . 28 Recorded joint welding procedure No . 8b Joint H-H . 29 Armor welding data sheet No . 1 30 Armor welding data sheet No . 2
23、31 Armor welding data sheet No . 3 32 Perspective drawing of a complete hull 20 Recorded joint welding procedure for Joints D-D, E-E, F-F and G-G 27 Ballistic test plate 42 Some weld cracks (W.C.) which could occur from projectile impact. and measurement of total W.C. for acceptance purposes (see ta
24、ble B-IV) 43 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PARAGRAPH MIL-HDBK-Lq4L = 70 0262484 TI2 MIL-HDBK-1941 CONTENTS PAGE - FIGURE B-18. General form of workmanship specimens for joint B-19. General form of workmanship specimen for joint B-
25、20. General form of workmanship specimen for joint B-21. Groove weld test specimen for qualification of types 1, 2 and 3 44 types 4, 5, 6 and 7. 45 types 8 and g. 46 welders or welding operators - for plate thickness of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) or less 47 welders or welding operators - for plate thickness
26、of more than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). . 47 welders or welding operators 48 B-22. Groove weld test specimen for qualification of B-23. Fillet weld test specimen for qualification of TABLE B-I o Welder evaluation with the “K“ qualification plate . 33 B-II. Requirements for the joint-welding procedure . 36 B
27、-III. Thickness of ballistic test plates . 40 B- IV. Requirements for ballistic tests. 41 B-V . Workmanship specimen sizes. 41 APPENDIX A Forms, workmanship specimens and test plates for the joint welding procedure . 15 B Evaluation of welder capability . 33 CONCLUDING MATERIAL 49 Vi Provided by IHS
28、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This handbook covers the requirements for the fabrication of weldments by metal-arc welding processes, which weldments are constructed of homogeneous rolled and cast armor and the steel attachments
29、 to this armor. This handbook is for guidance only. This handbook cannot be cited as a requirement. If it is, the contractor does not have to comply. 1.2 Classification. The welding methods may be classified as follows: Method 1 - Method 2 - Method 3 - Method 4 - Method 5 - Shielded metal-arc weldin
30、g Shielded metal-arc welding Gas metal-arc welding with electrodes. Gas metal-arc welding with electrodes. with austenitic electrodes. with ferritic electrodes. solid or cored ferritic solid or cored austenitic Submerged-arc welding. Electrode type optional. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The
31、documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein, but are the ones that are needed in order to fully understand the information provided by this handbook. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks. The following specifications, standard
32、s, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the latest issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DoDISS) and supplement thereto. SPECIFICATIONS DEPARTMENT O
33、F DEFENSE MIL-A-11356 - MIL-A-12560 - MIL-A-46100 - MIL-A-46177 - MIL-DTL-31000 - MIL-E-0022200/1 - MIL-E-13080 - MIL-E-22200/10 - MIL-E-23765/2 - Armor, Steel, Cast, Homogeneous, Combat-Vehicle Type (1/4 to 8 Inches, Inclusive) Armor Plate, Steel, Wrought, Homogeneous (For Use In Combat-Vehicles An
34、d For Ammunition Testing) Armor, Plate, Steel, Wrought, High-Hardness Armor, Steel Plate and Sheet, Wrought, Homogeneous (1/8 to Less Than 1/4 Inch Thick) Technical Data Packages Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Iron-Powder, Low-Hydrogen Medium and High Tensile Steel, As Welded or Stress-Reliev
35、ed Weld Application Electrodes, Welding, Covered: Austenitic Steel (19-9 Modified) for Armor Applications Electrodes, Welding, Mineral Covered, Iron-Powder, Low-Hydrogen Medium, High Tensile And Higher-Strength Low Alloy Steels Electrodes and Rods - Welding, Bare, Solid, Or Alloy Cored; And Fluxes,
36、Low Alloy Steel 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-1941 9999970 02b248b 895 = MIL-HDBK-1941 STANDARDS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL- STD- 18 9 4 - Radiographic Reference Standards And Radiographic DOD-STD-00100 - Engineering Draw
37、ing Practices Procedures For Partial-Penetration Steel Welds HANDBOOKS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE MIL-HDBK-21 - Welded Joint Designs, Armored-Tank Type MIL-HDBK-1264 - Radiographic Inspection For Soundness Of Welds In Steel By Comparison To Graded ASTM E390 Reference Radiographs (Unless otherwise indicat
38、ed, copies of the above specifications, standards, and handbooks are available from the Defense Automated Printing Service (DAPS), 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.3 Non-Government publications. The following document(s) form a part of this document to the extent spec
39、ified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DoD adopted are those listed in the latest issue of the DoDISS, and supplement thereto. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) ASTM E340 - Standard Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys ASTM E390 - St
40、andard Reference Radiographs for Steel Eusion Welds ASTM E1417 - Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination ASTM E1444 - Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination ASTM E1742 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination (DoD adopted) (DoD adopted) (DoD adopted) (DoD adopted) (Do
41、D adopted) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, FA 19428-2959.) AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS) AWS A2.4 - Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive AWS A3.0 - Standard Welding Terms and
42、 Definitions (DoD adopted) AWS A5.17 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Examination (DoD adopted) Submerged Arc Welding (DoD adopted) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.) 2 Provided by IHSNot for
43、 ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1941 2.4 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes a
44、pplicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Contractor and manufacturer. The term “contractor“ is defined as the organization having a direct contract with the procuring activity. The tem “manufacturer“ is defined as the organization actually perf
45、orming the operations covered by this handbook. The contractor may or may not be the manufacturer. 3.2 Welding symbols. Symbols for welding should be as specified in AWS M.4. 3.3 Welding terms and definitions. Welding terms and definitions should be as specified in AWS A3.0. 3.4 Routine positions. R
46、outine positions are those established in areas where welding defects are most likely to occur and are to be radiographed on each welment selected for examination. 3.5 Random positions. Random positions are those other than routine as defined in section 3.4 that are selected at the discretion of the
47、 Government. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Weldments. The steel armor and steel for attachments to be used in the fabrication of weldments should conform to the requirements of the applicable drawing, contract or order. Deviations in specified compositional requirements for materials should not be per
48、mitted unless specifically approved by the procuring activity. 4.2 Armor. Unless otherwise specified in the procurement document, steel armor should be welded in the fully heat-treated condition. 4.3 Preparation of welding procedures and drawings. Prior to the production fabrication of any weldment,
49、 the contractor or manufacturer should prepare in accordance with DOD-STD-00100 and MIL-DTL-31000 an isometric, perspective, or other suitable drawing of the structure showing the location of each joint and should establish a recorded joint welding procedure(s) to cover all welding (including a general outline for the repair of base metal and repair of welded joints) to be performed under this hand
