1、MIL-STD-1491 83 m 7977911 0082332 O m MIL-STD-1491 3 December 1971 MILITARY STANIbARD GLOSSARY OF KNTmNG IMPEXKECTIONS F THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS 3 0 PAGES. 9 FSC “_dl Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-LYS3 3 4777733 O082333 2 m D
2、EPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Washington, DC 20381 Glossary of Knitting Inperfections MIE-STD- 1491 i, Air Force effective 3 December 1971. This standard has been approved for use by the Department of the Army, Navy and 2. Natick Laboratories (GL), Natick, MA. Recommended corrections, additions or deletions
3、should be addressed to US Army Supersedes Page ii of 3 December 1971 /- Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1471 3 W 7777711 0082334 4 MIL-STD-14-91 3 December 1971 FOREWORD 1. by Government procurement agencies and their contract
4、ors. to fill a need for a glossary of knitting imperfections for all knitted fabrics and items manufactured from knitted fabrics. The purpose of the standard is to furnish a common vocabulary for use It is designed 2. quality of basic materials and variation in manufacturing processes and finishing
5、operations. This standard, however, does not attempt to pin down the cause of the defects but merely to identify the defect in the fabric or the finished product. Defects are likely to occur from many causes such as variation in the 3. submitted by agencies that reviewed the draft of the standard. U
6、sers are requested to submit to the preparing activity comments, new terns and definitions that are considered applicable to this standard. Coitributions by the knitting Industry are acknowledged as are comments iii :-. %. .i i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wit
7、hout license from IHS-,-,- /J-36 -2/ - MIL-STD-i49? NUTICE 1 17 September 1373 MILITARY STANDARD GLOSSARY OF KNITTING IMPERFECTIONS TO ALL HOLDERS OF MIL-STD-1491 1. 1 is red : IHe following pages of MIL-STD-1491 have been revised and suparsede the pages Date - New Pane - Date Superseded Page ii 17
8、September 1973 ii II Il 11 3 11 3 7 7 tl II 3 December 1971 3 December i97i 3 December 1971 2. The attached Photographic Supplement and Table of Contents are added, 3. Retain this notice. 4. and will destroy the previous pages. sheet, This issuance, together with appended pages, is a separate public
9、ation. Each notice is to be retained by stocking points until Military Standard is completely revised or cancelled. Holders of MIL-STD-1491 will verify that pages changed above have been efitered The notice page will be retained as a check FSC 83GP THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS I PAGES. 1- Provided by IHSN
10、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 83 = 9999911 0082335 b m MIL-STD-14-91 1. SCOPE 1.1 General. This standard establishes definitions for the words, terms and expressions for defects peculiar to the general field of knitting. 1.2 Applicatio
11、n. It is anticipated that this standard will serve as a source of defects to be referenced in section 4 of knitting specifications. 1.2.1 This standard is not intended to take the place of a particular inspection procedure aid which may be provided for inspectors to verify con- fomance with a partic
12、ular specification. The quality requirements speci- fied in the basic specification are governing. 2. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 2.1 Introduction. Defect terms are arranged alphabetically. synonymous and similar terms are cross referenced, (See . . .”) . 2.2 Definitions. Abrasion mark - A place where the sur
13、face of the fabric has been damaged by friction. Bands, streaks or bars in the fabric characterized by texture, tension, color, luster or shrinkage differences. These are usually horizontal in weft knitting and vertical in warp knitting. Birdseye Boardy Bowing When considered a defect in a knitted f
14、abric, it is usually caused by uninten- tional tucking (see “Tucking defect”) . An unusually harsh, stiff or hard hand. A horizontal arc across the width of the fabric where colored or raised rib structures have been stretched out of a straight line configuration. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo r
15、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 Broken filaments Broken yarn Wrs Clip out Cockled fabric Crack marks Crease Cut fabric Dirt bop PlY Drop stitch Dropped stitches Dye stain Dye streak Float - (See “trhiskering” ) . - Self-descriptive. - Seed fragments with
16、 bristles projecting from them. - (See ”Selvage defectn) o - Distorted, shriveled, wavy, ridgy fabric or fabric that will not lie flat when laid on the cutting table. - Open random streaks in any direction extending partly or entirely along or across the fabric. - A set line or mark usually made by
17、fold- ing and/or pres sing. - A slit made with a sharp edged object. - Any unclean or soiling matter such as mud, dust, trash, etc. - A yarn containing fewer plies than normally used in the fabric. - An unknitted stitch. - Recurrent unknitted stitches in one or more wales within a length of a knitte
18、d fabric (see %unm). - An area of shade difference or dye dis- coloration in the fabric. - A dye stain extending as an irregular stripe in the fabric. - A place in the fabric where a yarn extends unbound over the yarns with which it should be interlaced. (Frequently referred to as miss-knit). 2 Prov
19、ided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-i MIL-STD-1471 3 7777911 0084773 T m MIL-STD-1491 Foreign matter Fuzzy Heavy yarn Hole Hori Zonta 1 streaks Kink Knot Ladder Lint Loose course Loose yarn Luster difference Mend Miss-kni t - Waste, fly or ex
20、traneous material that has bean knit into the fabric or spun into the yarn. - A fabric condition characterized by excessive hairiness ., - Yarn of a noticeably larger diameter than normally being - A place in the fabric where two or more contiguous loops - (See ttBarrtl), used in the fabric. or yarn
21、s have been ruptured. - A place in the fabric where a short length of yarn has doubled on itself. - Self-descriptive, - (See ttRuntL). - (See “Foreign Matter“). - A row of loops in the width or crosswise d-rection that is larger, looser or longer than the body material. - Yarn that has been knit-in
22、under insufficient tension. - Self-descriptive (see ttBarrlt, “Mixed yarn“) o - Damaged, defaced or torn fabric that has been fixed or repaired, - Wrong formation or description of the normal knitting pattern (see “Float II) ., Supersedes Page 3 of 3 December 1971 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo r
23、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 MIL-STD-1491 83 9977911 0087.774 I W Missing yarn Mixed yarn Mottled Needle line Neps Objectionable odor Off shade Oil spots or streaks Pile character not as specified Pin marks Press off Puckered Ridgy Rings Run Self-desc
24、riptive. Yarn which differs from that normally being used in fabric, such as wrong twist, wrong number of plies, wrong color or mixed yarn lots. A blotchy or spotty appearance of the fabric. A vertical line in fabric following one wale line (see Verticai lines“). All definite fiber tangles. Self -de
25、scriptive. Not within established tolerance; shaded side to side, side to center or end to end. Self-descriptive. Self-descriptive. Abnormally enlarged pinholes, tears, or shift marks along the edge of the fabric. Condition arising when fabric fails to knit and either falls off the machine or result
26、s in a large hole in the fabric. (See “Cockled fabric“) . (See “Cockled fabric“) . Mottled or cloudy areas that run around a stocking or circular knitted fabrics. A series of dropped stitches (see “Dropped stitches“) 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lice
27、nse from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1q91 83 m Scalboped edges Selvage defect Shading (cover) Shedding Skewing Sleazy Slub or slug Elnach Speck Split stitch *. . . -. 9999933 0089775 3 m . _ - Abrupt narrow places along the edges of the fabric. Selvage that is one or more of the follar- ing: curled, folded, rid
28、gy, rolled, slack, tight, puckered, scalloped, wavy, stringy, beaded, loopy, cut or torn. Horizontal or longitudinal areas of varying shade depths occurring in the fabric resulting from different cover- ing powers than the rest of the piece. An excessive amount of loose fibers re- leased from a fabr
29、ic. Similar to “bowing“, but the colored yarn line or raised effect is a straight line but not perpendicular to the selvage. Term used to describe under constructed characteristic of knit goods (flimsy, lacking in body). An abruptly thickend place in yarn, or a bunch of lint entangled in the yarn or
30、 fibric A damaged area where the fabric has been ruptured by the breaking of a group of yarns . A yam or yarns pulled out of place, usually by a sharp point or projection. A mall particle of foreign substance. One end of yarn of a stitch is knit and the other end dropped. 5 Provided by IHSNot for Re
31、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-X MIL-STD-1491 Spot Qr stain Stop mark Streak Tear Thick place Thin place aiin yarn mrow out Eiger stripes Tight yarn Tucking defect Twist (yarn) loose or tight Uneven knitting Uneven napping Uneven shearing . . . . . . . I . .
32、 . i. . ;, i - An area of discoloration on or in the fabric. - A horizontal fabric streak caused by a tension difference when the knitting machine is stopped. - A stain extending as in irregular stripe in the fabric. - Self -descriptive., - An area of fabricthat is thicker than normal . - An area of
33、 fabric that is thinner than normal . - A yarn smaller in diameter than normally being used in the fabric. - In plaited fabric the back yarn comes to the front. - (See “BrrP) . - A yarn kniC under abnormally high tension. - One or more unwanted tuck loops in knitted fabric. - Self-descriptive. - Sel
34、f-descriptive. - Fabric in which the nap is not raised uniformly. - Self-descriptive. 6 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-c MIL-STD-1491 Vertical lines ., Lengthwise marks occurring in knitted fabric, Sometimes called dogiines OP needle
35、 lines, Washboards - A ridgy effect on the fabric which can be caused by rineven tension between feeds or by variations of yarn denies, Weak spot - Places in the fabric which have been abnormai1.y weakened dur- ing any part of the operations through which it has passed, A latent defect that is not n
36、ormally observable in normal in- spection. Whiskering Width variation - Seif-descriptive. Yarn variation - Yarn irregularity of weight per mit length. Usually either - Breaking or fraying of the individual filaments of the yarnQ a course or wae is noticeably thicker or thinner than ad- jacent yarns,
37、 Short term - 1 to 10 times the fiber length, Medium term - 10 to 100 times the fiber length. Long term - 100 to 1000 (or more) times the fiber length, Preparing activity: AHY - eL Project No. 83GP-0338 Custodians: Army - GL Navy - SA Air Force - 11 Review activities: Navy - AS Air Force - 45, 82 Us
38、er activities: Amy - AV Navy - MC, SH, YD Supersedes-Page 7 of 3 December 1971 7 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-V I MIL-STD-3493 83 7777733 0089778 7 M . MI L-S Til - 1 43 f PHOT u!xAPHI c SUPPLEMENT TO MIL-STD- 149 1 CAUTION These p
39、hotographs are not acceptance limits. They are only visual guides to aid in recognition of the more common knitting defects, a Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1471 83 m 7777711 0082343 5 m . I - - MIL-STD-1491 Barr Birdseyes B
40、hg Crackmarks Creases CONTENTS FIGURE 1 Tucking defect 3: Dropped Stitches Heavy yarn Hole Loose Course Missing yarn Press off Slub spots Thin yarn Tucking defect Vertical line Vertical lines 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
41、itted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3473 83 fl 7777733 00823Ll5 7 MIL- STD -1491 11 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-L4L 8
42、3 MIL-STG-1491 12 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1Y71 83 7777711 0082347 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 83 m 9999933 0082348 4 m - MIL-STD-1491
43、 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- _ MIL-STD-1971 3 m 7777711 0082349 b m MIL-STD-1491 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 16 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo re
44、production or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I MIL-STD-Lq73 83 7777733 0082353 M .- MIL- STD -1491 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-L47L 83 M 77777LL 0082352 b MIL-STD-1491 Y- i& Provided by IHSNot for Resale
45、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1471 83 7777711 0082353 8 MIL- STD -1491 i/ Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I - , /- 20 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted
46、without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 21 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-22 i. . - *. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-HIL-STD-LqSL 83 m 7777733 0082357 5 -_._ . MIL
47、-STD-1491 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NIL -ST 83 7773 OOB 2357 - 7 MIL-STD-1491 - 25 - . -1 - .- y _- Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1491 I . Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
