1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 12 15.16 (November 2012)-Preparing Activity: USACE NewUNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2012*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 32 - EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTSSECTION 32 12 15.16WARM-MIX ASPHALT AIRFIELD PAVIN
2、G11/12PART 1 GENERAL1.1 FULL PAYMENT1.1.1 Method of Measurement1.1.2 Basis of Payment1.2 PERCENT PAYMENT1.2.1 Mat and Joint Densities1.2.2 Pay Factor Based on In-place Density1.2.3 Payment Adjustment for Smoothness1.2.4 Laboratory Air Voids and Theoretical Maximum Density1.2.5 Mean Absolute Deviatio
3、n1.2.6 Pay Adjustment Based on Grade1.3 REFERENCES1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION1.4.1 Asphalt Mixing Plant1.4.2 Hauling Equipment1.4.3 Material Transfer Vehicle (MTV)1.4.4 Asphalt Pavers1.4.4.1 Receiving Hopper1.4.4.2 Automatic Grade Controls1.4.5 Rollers1.5 SUBMITTALS1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE1.6.1 Sublot Sampl
4、ing1.6.2 Additional Sampling and Testing1.6.3 In-place Density1.6.4 Surface Smoothness1.6.4.1 Smoothness Requirements1.6.4.2 Testing Method1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSPART 2 PRODUCTS2.1 AGGREGATES2.1.1 Coarse Aggregate2.1.2 Fine Aggregate2.1.3 Mineral FillerSECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 1Provided by IH
5、SNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2.1.4 Aggregate Gradation2.2 ASPHALT CEMENT BINDER2.3 WMA TECHNOLOGIES/PRODUCTS2.4 MIX DESIGN2.4.1 JMF Requirements2.4.2 Adjustments to JMF2.5 RECYCLED WMA2.5.1 RAP Aggregates and Asphalt Cement2.5.2 RAP MixPART 3 EX
6、ECUTION3.1 CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL3.1.1 General Quality Control Requirements3.1.2 Testing Laboratory3.1.3 Quality Control Testing3.1.3.1 Asphalt Content3.1.3.2 Aggregate Properties3.1.3.3 Temperatures3.1.3.4 Aggregate Moisture3.1.3.5 Moisture Content of Mixture3.1.3.6 Laboratory Air Voids, VMA, M
7、arshall Stability and Flow3.1.3.7 Moisture Susceptibility3.1.3.8 In-Place Density3.1.3.9 Grade and Smoothness3.1.3.10 Additional Testing3.1.3.11 QC Monitoring3.1.4 Sampling3.1.5 Control Charts3.2 PREPARATION OF ASPHALT BINDER MATERIAL3.3 PREPARATION OF MINERAL AGGREGATE3.4 PREPARATION OF WARM-MIX AS
8、PHALT MIXTURE3.5 PREPARATION OF THE UNDERLYING SURFACE3.6 TEST SECTION3.6.1 Sampling and Testing for Test Section3.6.2 Additional Test Sections3.7 TESTING LABORATORY3.8 TRANSPORTING AND PLACING3.8.1 Transporting3.8.2 Placing3.9 COMPACTION OF MIXTURE3.9.1 General3.9.2 Segregation3.10 JOINTS3.10.1 Tra
9、nsverse Joints3.10.2 Longitudinal Joints3.10.3 WMA-Portland Cement Concrete Joints- End of Section Table of Contents -SECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-32 12 15.16 (November
10、 2012)-Preparing Activity: USACE NewUNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated October 2012*SECTION 32 12 15.16WARM-MIX ASPHALT AIRFIELD PAVING11/12*NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for bituminous intermediate and wearing courses (central
11、-plant warm-mix) for airfields using Marshall or Gyratory compaction method.Adhere to UFC 1-300-02 Unified Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard when editing this guide specification or preparing new project specification sections. Edit this guide specification for project specific
12、requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not brackets are present. Do not edit or rewrite the unbracketed text without the e
13、xpress consent of the Corps of Engineers Transportation Systems Center (TSMCX), the Air Force major command (MAJCOM) paving engineers, or the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC).Comments, suggestions and recommended changes for this guide specification are welcome and should be submitted a
14、s a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*PART 1 GENERAL*NOTE: Modifications must be made to this guide specification during conversion to a project specification in accordance with the NOTES which are located throughout the document. These NOTES are instructions to the designer, and will not appear in the
15、 project specification.This guide specification only pertains to the warm-mix asphalt (WMA) aspects of the project and not to any surface preparation requirements dealing with aggregate base courses, milling, or tack and SECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netwo
16、rking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-prime coats. Surface preparation requirements should be covered by either including them in this guide specification or by adding pertinent sections to the project documents.This specification utilizes a Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) const
17、ruction management philosophy. Quality Assurance refers to the actions performed by the Government or designated representative Engineer to assure the final product meets the job requirements (see paragraph QUALITY ASSURANCE). Results of QA testing are the basis for pay. Quality Control refers to th
18、e actions of the Contractor to monitor the construction and production processes and to correct these processes when out of control. Results of QC testing are reported daily on the process control charts maintained by the Contractor. Quality Control is covered in paragraph CONTRACTOR QUALITY CONTROL
19、.*1.1 FULL PAYMENT1.1.1 Method of Measurement*NOTE: For unit-price contracts, include first bracketed statements and delete the second set. For lump-sum contracts, delete the first bracketed statements and include the second set. Lump-sum contracts should not be used when the job exceeds 1000 metric
20、 tons (tons).*The amount paid for will be the number of metric short tons of WMA mixture used in the accepted work. WMA mixture shall be weighed after mixing, and no separate payment will be made for weight of asphalt cement or other additives incorporated herein. Measurement of the quantity of WMA,
21、 per ton placed and accepted, shall be made for the purposes of assessing the pay factors stipulated below.1.1.2 Basis of Payment*NOTE: For unit-price contracts, include first bracketed statements and delete the second set. For lump-sum contracts, delete the first bracketed statements and include th
22、e second set. Include prescriptive unit price based on the Government/Engineer estimate for payment adjustment. Lump-sum contracts should not be used when the job exceeds 1000 metric tons (tons).*Quantities of WMA, determined as specified above, will be paid for at respective contract unit prices or
23、 at reduced prices adjusted in accordance with paragraphs PERCENT PAYMENT and QUALITY ASSURANCE. Payment will constitute full compensation for furnishing all materials, equipment, plant, and tools; and for all labor and other incidentals necessary to SECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for
24、ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-complete work required by this section of the specification. The measured quantity of WMA will be paid for and included in the lump-sum contract price. If less than 100 percent payment is due based on the pay factors stipulat
25、ed in paragraph QUALITY ASSURANCE, a unit price of _ per ton will be used for purposes of calculating the payment reduction.1.2 PERCENT PAYMENTWhen a lot of material fails to meet the specification requirements for 100 percent pay as outlined in the following paragraphs, that lot shall be removed an
26、d replaced, or accepted at a reduced price which will be computed by multiplying the unit price by the lots pay factor. The lot pay factor is determined by taking the lowest computed pay factor based on either laboratory air voids, in-place density, grade or smoothness (each discussed below). Pay fa
27、ctors based on different criteria (i.e., laboratory air voids and in-place density) of the same lot will not be multiplied together to get a lower lot pay factor. At the end of the project, an average of all lot pay factors will be calculated. If this average lot pay factor exceeds 95.0 percent and
28、no individual lot has a pay factor less than 75.1 percent, then the percent payment for the entire project will be 100 percent of the unit bid price. If the average lot pay factor is less than 95.0 percent, then each lot will be paid for at the unit price multiplied by the lots pay factor. For any l
29、ots which are less than 2000 metric shorttons, a weighted lot pay factor will be used to calculate the average lot pay factor.1.2.1 Mat and Joint DensitiesThe average in-place mat and joint densities are expressed as a percentage of the average theoretical maximum density (TMD) for the lot. The aver
30、age TMD for each lot will be determined as the average TMD of the two random samples per lot. The average in-place mat density and joint density for a lot are determined and compared with Table 1 to calculate a single pay factor per lot based on in-place density, as described below. First, a pay fac
31、tor for both mat density and joint density are determined from Table 1. The area associated with the joint is then determined and will be considered to be 3 m 10 feet wide times the length of completed longitudinal construction joint in the lot. This area will not exceed the total lot size. The leng
32、th of joint to be considered will be that length where a new lane has been placed against an adjacent lane of WMA pavement, either an adjacent freshly paved lane or one paved at any time previously. The area associated with the joint is expressed as a percentage of the total lot area. A weighted pay
33、 factor for the joint is determined based on this percentage (see example below). The pay factor for mat density and the weighted pay factor for joint density is compared and the lowest selected. This selected pay factor is the pay factor based on density for the lot. When the TMD on both sides of a
34、 longitudinal joint is different, the average of these two TMD will be used as the TMD needed to calculate the percent joint density. Rejected lots shall be removed and replaced. Rejected areas adjacent to longitudinal joints shall be removed 100 mm 4 inches into the cold (existing) lane. All densit
35、y results for a lot will be completed and reported within 24 hours after the construction of that lot.SECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table 1. Pay Factor Based on In-place DensityAverage Mat Density (4cores)P
36、ay Factor, percent Average Joint Density(4 cores)94.0 - 96.0 100.0 Above 92.593.9 100.0 92.493.8 or 96.1 99.9 92.393.7 99.8 92.293.6 or 96.2 99.6 92.193.5 99.4 92.093.4 or 96.3 99.1 91.993.3 98.7 91.893.2 or 96.4 98.3 91.793.1 97.8 91.693.0 or 96.5 97.3 91.592.9 96.3 91.492.8 or 96.6 94.1 91.392.7 9
37、2.2 91.292.6 or 96.7 90.3 91.192.5 87.9 91.092.4 or 96.8 85.7 90.992.3 83.3 90.892.2 or 96.9 80.6 90.792.1 78.0 90.692.0 or 97.0 75.0 90.5below 92.0, above 97.0 0.0 (reject) below 90.51.2.2 Pay Factor Based on In-place DensityAn example of the computation of a pay factor (in I-P units only) based on
38、 in-place density, is as follows: Assume the following test results for field density made on the lot: (1) Average mat density = 93.2 percent (of lab TMD). (2) Average joint density = 91.5 percent (of lab TMD). (3) SECTION 32 12 15.16 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
39、permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Total area of lot = 30,000 square feet. (4) Length of completed longitudinal construction joint = 2000 feet.a. Step 1: Determine pay factor based on mat density and on joint density, using Table 1:Mat density of 93.2 percent = 98.3 pay factor.Joint density of 9
40、1.5 percent = 97.3 pay factor.b. Step 2: Determine ratio of joint area (length of longitudinal joint x 10 ft) to mat area (total paved area in the lot): Multiply the length of completed longitudinal construction joint by the specified 10 ft. width and divide by the mat area (total paved area in the
41、lot).(2000 ft. x 10 ft.)/30000 sq.ft. = 0.6667 ratio of joint area to mat area (ratio).c. Step 3: Weighted pay factor (wpf) for joint is determined as indicated below:wpf = joint pay factor + (100 - joint pay factor) (1 - ratio) wpf = 97.3 + (100-97.3) (1-.6667) = 98.2%d. Step 4: Compare weighted pa
42、y factor for joint density to pay factor for mat density and select the smaller:Pay factor for mat density: 98.3%. Weighted pay factor for joint density: 98.2%Select the smaller of the two values as pay factor based on density: 98.2%1.2.3 Payment Adjustment for Smoothnessa. Straightedge Testing. Loc
43、ation and deviation from straightedge for all measurements shall be recorded. When between 5.0 and 10.0 percent of all measurements made within a lot exceed the tolerance specified in paragraph Smoothness Requirements below, after any reduction of high spots or removal and replacement, the computed
44、pay factor for that lot based on surface smoothness, will be 95 percent. When more than 10.0 percent of all measurements exceed the tolerance, the computed pay factor will be 90 percent. When between 15.0 and 20.0 percent of all measurements exceed the tolerance, the computed pay factor will be 75 p
45、ercent. When 20.0 percent or more of the measurements exceed the tolerance, the lot shall be removed and replaced at no additional cost to the Government/Owner. Regardless of the above, any small individual area with surface deviation which exceeds the tolerance given above by more than 50 percent, shall be corrected by diamond grinding to meet the specification requirements above or shall be removed and replaced at no additional cost to the Government/Owner.b. Profilograph Testing. Location and data from all profilograph measurements shall be recorded.
