1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 4650 Edition P 1 September 2008 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION Avenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 763 3565 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: 49.060 Descriptors: ENGLISH VE
2、RSION Aerospace series Wire and cable marking process, UV Laser Srie arospatiale Procd de marquage des fils et cbles par laser UV Luft- und Raumfahrt Leitungs- und Kabelkennzeichnungsverfahren durch UV Laser This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (
3、The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the t
4、echnical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (Euro
5、pean Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Editio
6、n approved for publication 30 September 2008 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Electrical Domain Copyright 2008 by ASD-STAN prEN 4650:20082 Contents Page Foreword2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Applicability, definitions, symbols and abbreviat
7、ions.4 4 Requirement.8 5 Quality assurance provisions 10 6 Test methods. 11 7 Packaging 13 8 Notes 14 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Electrical Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-
8、STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 4650:20083 Introduction Ultraviolet (UV) laser wire marking was developed in 1987 to provide a safe, permanent means of marking thin wall insulations; it is now the aerospace industry standard method for marking
9、wire identification codes on to the surface of electrical wires and cables. It provides a simple, convenient, environmentally friendly, cost effective means of marking and identifying wires and jacketed cables. While a few larger airframe manufacturers have developed process standards and specificat
10、ions for their own use during the introduction of this technology, there has been variability in the issues covered within these specifications and there has been no comprehensive standard process document developed for general use. The intended use of this document is to serve directly as a process
11、 standard for use by laser wire marking concerns. It can also serve as a model set of comprehensive requirements for use by organizations who intend to develop in-house laser marking process specifications or serve as a means for evaluating the adequacy and completeness of such specifications by pro
12、curing activities. 1 Scope This standard is applicable to the marking of aerospace vehicle electrical wires and cables using ultraviolet (UV) lasers. This standard specifies the process requirements for the implementation of UV laser marking of aerospace electrical wire and cable and fibre optic cab
13、le to achieve an acceptable quality mark using equipment designed for UV laser wire marking of identification codes on aircraft wire and cable subject to EN 3475-100 Aerospace series Cables, electrical, aircraft use Test methods Part 100: General. Wiring specified as UV laser markable and which has
14、been marked in accordance with this standard will conform to the requirements of EN 3838. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
15、 of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment. EN 3475-100, Aerospace series Cables, electrical, aircraft use Test methods Part 100: General. EN 3475-705, Aerospace series Ca
16、bles, electrical, aircraft use Test methods Part 705: Contrast measurement. EN 3475-706, Aerospace series Cables, electrical, aircraft use Test methods Part 706: Laser markability. EN 3838, Aerospace series Requirements and tests on user-applied markings on aircraft electrical cables. 1)1) Published
17、 as ASD Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard. prEN 4650:20084 3 Applicability, definitions, symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following applicability and definitions apply. 3.1 Applicability This standard is applicable to the marking of airframe elec
18、trical wires and cables using ultraviolet (UV) lasers. The laser process practices defined in this standard are mandatory. 3.2 Definitions 3.2.1 cable electrical cable, unless noted as a fiber optic cable. Two or more insulated conductors, solid or stranded, contained in a common covering, or two or
19、 more insulated conductors twisted or molded together without common covering, or one insulated conductor with a metallic covering shield or outer conductor. 3.2.2 component for the purposes of this standard this shall be an electrical wire or multi-conductor cable or fiber optic cable 3.2.3 contras
20、t a measurement relating to the difference in luminance of the mark and its associated background according to a precise formula 3.2.4 damage for the purpose of this standard, with reference to wire and cable, damage is defined as an unacceptable reduction in the mechanical or electrical properties
21、of the insulation, i.e. specifically a measurable reduction in the performance of the wire or cable that is outside of its defined specification or is otherwise unacceptable 3.2.5 excimer a gas laser deriving its name from the term “excited dimer”. The laser is energized by means of an electrical di
22、scharge in a specialized mixture of rare gases and halogens. Excimer lasers are available operating at a number of discrete wavelengths throughout the UV, the most common of which are 193 nm, 248 nm, 308 nm and 351 nm. The wavelength is dependant only on the gas mix used; 308 nm is commonly used for
23、 UV laser wire marking. 3.2.6 fibre optic cable a cable that is designed to transmit light waves between a light transmission source and a receiver. In signal applications, the transmitter and receiver include devices that are used to convert between optical and electronic pulses. Typical cables inc
24、lude a glass or plastic core, a layer of cladding having a lower refractive index to refract or totally reflect light inward at the core/cladding boundary, a buffer, strength members and jacketing to protect the inner cable from environmental damage. 3.2.7 fluence the energy density, measured in J/c
25、m-2(Joules per square cm) of a single pulse of the laser beam, which, for the purposes of this standard, is at the surface of the wire insulation or cable jacket prEN 4650:2008 5 3.2.8 font the defining shape and style of a character set for printing or marking 3.2.9 gauge the wire size specified fo
26、r a wire in a wire harness assembly by the wire harness assembly drawing 3.2.10 harmonic generation the use of non-linear optical processes to change the wavelength of a laser. This enables the output of an infrared laser to be converted to shorter wavelengths. In the case of Nd lasers this results
27、in a frequency doubled output at 532 nm in the green and a frequency tripled output at 355 nm in the UV, which is used for wire marking. 3.2.11 harness an assembly of any number of wires, electrical/optical cables and/or groups and their terminations which is designed and fabricated so as to allow f
28、or installation and removal as a unit. A harness may be an open harness or a protected harness. 3.2.9 gauge the wire size specified for a wire in a wire harness assembly by the wire harness assembly drawing 3.2.12 infrared (IR) electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 700
29、 nm to in excess of 10 000 nm. 3.2.13 insulation for the purposes of this standard the outer polymer covering of an electrical wire or multi-conductor cable or fiber optic cable 3.2.14 IR laser a laser that produces a beam of radiation in the IR range 3.2.15 jacket an outer protective covering for a
30、 cable 3.2.16 laser laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers are a source of intense monochromatic light in the ultraviolet, visible or infrared region of the spectrum. The “active” or lasing medium may be a solid, liquid or gas. The laser beam is g
31、enerated by energizing the active medium using an external power source, which is most commonly electrical or optical. 3.2.17 legibility properties of a mark that enable it to be easily and correctly read prEN 4650:20086 3.2.18 luminance the quantitative measurement of the visible light reflected fr
32、om a surface, in this case the wire or cable insulation 3.2.19 mark a meaningful alphanumeric or machine readable mark applied to the surface of a wire or cable jacket 3.2.20 markability the ability of a wire construction to be marked to provide legible identification marks of a specified contrast w
33、hen marked in accordance with this standard 3.2.21 neodymium (Nd) neodymium is an elemental metal that forms the active laser material in the most common type of solid state laser. The neodymium is held in an optically transparent solid “host” material, and is energized by optical input, either from
34、 a flash lamp or from the optical output from a diode laser. The host material does not play a direct role, but can slightly influence the laser wavelength. Typical host materials are specialized crystal materials, such as Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG), Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF) and Yttrium Va
35、nadate (YVO4). These lasers are commonly referred to as Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Nd:YVO4 respectively. The primary wavelength of Nd solid state lasers is in the infrared (IR) at a wavelength of approximately 1064 nm. The IR output of such lasers can be conveniently reduced to lower wavelengths suitable fo
36、r wire marking by use of harmonic generation. 3.2.22 pulse length the time interval between the laser energy crossing half the maximum energy on the rising and the falling edges of the pulse; referred to as FWHM full width half maximum. Pulse lengths are measured in nanoseconds, ns. 1 ns = 10-9s. 3.
37、2.23 purchaser a purchaser is an activity that can issue a purchase order or contract 3.2.24 quality conformance tests performed on production samples at a specified frequency to ensure that the requirements of this standard are met 3.2.25 quality conformance inspection Quality Conformance Inspectio
38、n is a process that includes measurements, non-destructive tests, analysis, and associated data that will provide verification that a particular individual component continually conforms to the requirements defined in the standard 3.2.26 supplier a supplier is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM
39、) or a value added manufacturer which has design and production control of the processes used to produce the final product in accordance with the standard 3.2.27 ultraviolet (UV) electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 200 nm to 400 nm prEN 4650:2008 7 3.2.28 UV laser a
40、laser that produces a beam of radiation in the UV range 3.2.29 verification inspection verification Inspection is a process that demonstrates that a product is capable of fully conforming to all the requirements defined in a standard. Verification Inspection includes definition of the measurements,
41、tests, analysis, and associated data that provides consistent rationale for acceptance of a particular suppliers design as meeting the standard requirements typically prior to acquisition by the Purchaser. 3.2.30 wavelength () wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern, e.g
42、. the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of an adjacent wave. Laser wavelength is typically measured in nanometres. = c/f where c is the velocity of light and f is the frequency. 3.2.31 wire a single metallic conductor of solid, stranded or tinsel construction, designed to carry cu
43、rrent in an electric circuit, but not having a metallic covering, sheath or shield. For the purpose of this specification, “wire” refers to “insulated electric wire”. 3.2.32 wire code the wire circuit identification number or code assigned to a specific wire in a wire harness assembly and marked on
44、the insulation surface 3.3 Symbols and abbreviations nm : nanometre, 10-9m; ns : nanosecond 10-9s; ETFE : ethylenetetrafluoroethylene; PFA : perfluoroalkoxy fluoropolymer; PTFE : polytetrafluoroethylene; PVDF : polyvinylidene difluoride / polyvinylidene fluoride. prEN 4650:20088 4 Requirements 4.1 U
45、V laser wire marking requirements The laser requirements for marking aerospace wire and cable are grouped under: a) Process Requirements, i.e. those characteristics that affect the marking process in terms of the mark characteristics and quality, and b) System Requirements, i.e. those characteristic
46、s that affect the performance of equipment in terms of its operational use. 4.2 Design construction file The equipment supplier must create a Design Construction File that records the relevant design details of the equipment and demonstrates clearly how all the requirements of section 4 are met. A c
47、opy of this Design Construction File must be maintained and made available to Purchasers as required. 4.3 Process requirements 4.3.1 Laser wavelength (see Clause 8.4) Short wavelength UV laser light, in the range 240 nm to 380 nm only shall be used for marking. Long wavelength infrared (IR) laser ra
48、diation shall not be used for the direct marking of aerospace electrical or fiber-optic wire and cable. 4.3.2 Mask based laser marking systems (see Clause 8.1) 4.3.2.1 General Laser marks generated by mask based processes should not overlap. WARNING Multiple overlapping marks may cause wire insulati
49、on damage, particularly on extruded ETFE and PVDF materials. 4.3.2.2 Laser pulse length (see Clause 8.5) Lasers with pulse lengths between 3 ns and 35 ns shall be used for marking. 4.3.2.3 Applied laser fluence The equipment supplier shall be responsible for designing the system to ensure that the equipment delivers the required fluence to achieve the optimum mark contrast and quality without impairing the wire characteristics. The user shall be responsible for ensuring that the equipment is maintained and calibrated to continue to deliver the requi
