1、American Society of Civil EngineersDesign of Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic (FRP)StacksThis document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary units.A S C E S T A N D A R DPublished by the American Society of Civil EngineersASCE/SEI 52-10of the American Society of Civil Engineers
2、Standard_52_10.qxp 1/16/10 7:17 AM Page iDesign of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) stacks.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-1056-1 (alk. paper)1. Industrial chimneysDesign and constructionStandards. 2. Industrial chimneysMaterialsStandards. 3. Fiber-reinforced p
3、lasticsStandards. I. American Society ofCivil Engineers. TH4591.D47 2010697.8dc222009048371Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.pubs.asce.orgThis standard was developed by a consensus standards development process which has beenaccredited
4、 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Accreditation by ANSI, avoluntary accreditation body representing public and private sector standards developmentorganizations in the U.S. and abroad, signifies that the standards development process usedby ASCE has met the ANSI requirements for
5、openness, balance, consensus, and due process.While ASCEs process is designed to promote standards that reflect a fair and reasoned con-sensus among all interested participants, while preserving the public health, safety, and wel-fare that is paramount to its mission, it has not made an independent
6、assessment of and doesnot warrant the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus,product, or process discussed herein. ASCE does not intend, nor should anyone interpret,ASCEs standards to replace the sound judgment of a competent professional, havingknowledge and e
7、xperience in the appropriate field(s) of practice, nor to substitute for thestandard of care required of such professionals in interpreting and applying the contents ofthis standard.ASCE has no authority to enforce compliance with its standards and does not undertake tocertify products for complianc
8、e or to render any professional services to any person orentity.ASCE disclaims any and all liability for any personal injury, property damage, financial lossor other damages of any nature whatsoever, including without limitation any direct, indirect,special, exemplary, or consequential damages, resu
9、lting from any persons use of, or relianceon, this standard. Any individual who relies on this standard assumes full responsibility forsuch use.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and TrademarkOffice.Photocopies and reprints. You can obtain instant permission to pho
10、tocopy ASCE publica-tions by using ASCEs online permission service (http:/pubs.asce.org/permissions/requests/). Requests for 100 copies or more should be submitted to the Reprints Department,Publications Division, ASCE (address above); e-mail: permissionsasce.org. A reprintorder form can be found at
11、 http:/pubs.asce.org/support/reprints/.Copyright 2010 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1056-1Manufactured in the United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataStandard_52_10.qxp 1/16/10 7:1
12、7 AM Page iiSTANDARDSIn 2003, the Board of Direction approved the revision tothe ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern thewriting and maintenance of standards developed by theSociety. All such standards are developed by a consensusstandards process managed by the Societys Codes andStandards
13、Committee (CSC). The consensus processincludes balloting by a balanced standards committeemade up of Society members and nonmembers, ballotingby the membership of the Society as a whole, and ballot-ing by the public. All standards are updated or reaffirmedby the same process at intervals not exceedi
14、ng five years.The following standards have been issued:ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design andAnalysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth StructuresASCE/EWRI 2-06 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer inClean WaterANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Design ofComposite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Sta
15、ndardPractice for the Construction and Inspection ofComposite SlabsASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related NuclearStructuresBuilding Code Requirements for Masonry Structures(ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) andSpecifications for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-02/ASCE 6-02/TMS 602-02)ASCE/SEI 7-0
16、5 Minimum Design Loads for Buildingsand Other StructuresSEI/ASCE 8-02 Standard Specification for the Design ofCold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural MembersANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel TransmissionStructuresSEI/ASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural ConditionA
17、ssessment of Existing BuildingsASCE/EWRI 12-05 Guideline for the Design of UrbanSubsurface DrainageASCE/EWRI 13-05 Standard Guidelines for Installationof Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE/EWRI 14-05 Standard Guidelines for Operationand Maintenance of Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE 15-98 Standard Practice
18、 for Direct Design ofBuried Precast Concrete Pipe Using StandardInstallations (SIDD)ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) of Engineered Wood ConstructionASCE 17-96 Air-Supported StructuresASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process OxygenTransfer TestingASCE 19-96 Structural
19、Applications of Steel Cables forBuildingsASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design andInstallation of Pile FoundationsANSI/ASCE/Temphasizes what consideration must be taken for windand seismic-induced vibrations; gives guidelines forthe ultraviolet protection, selection of materials,linings, and
20、 coatings; states the requirements for lighting and lightning protection based upon existingbuilding and federal codes; gives the requirements forclimbing and access based upon current OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards;emphasizes the important areas regarding fabricationa
21、nd construction; and outlines areas requiring mainte-nance and inspection following initial operation.INTRODUCTIONviiThe information presented has been prepared inaccordance with established engineering principles uti-lizing state-of-the-art information and is intended forgeneral information. While
22、every effort has been madeto ensure its accuracy, the information should not berelied upon for any specific application without theconsultation of a competent, licensed professionalengineer, to determine its suitability. It is therefore rec-ommended that Engineering/Design drawings andrelated docume
23、nts of the stack bear the ProfessionalEngineer Seal, signature, and date.Nothing in the Standard shall be construed to alteror subvert the requirements of any existing code orauthority having jurisdiction over the facility.Furthermore, alternate methods and materials to thoseherein indicated may be
24、used, provided that the engi-neer can demonstrate their suitability to all agenciesand authorities. Note that several of the sections aresimilar to ASTM D 5364 and ASME Steel Stack STS-lStandard, and many members of that committee arealso on the FRP Stack Standard Committee.Standard_52_10.qxp 1/16/1
25、0 7:17 AM Page viiStandard_52_10.qxp 1/16/10 7:17 AM Page viiiCONTENTSCHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS AND MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . 11.2 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3 RESINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3.1 Polyest
27、er Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3.2 Vinyl Ester Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.3.3 Phenolic Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.3.4 Epoxy Resin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4 REINFORCEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . 51.4.1 Glass Reinforcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.4.2 Rovings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.4.3 Mats . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4.4 Combination Woven Roving/Chopped Strand Mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4.5 Woven And Weft Inserted (Unidirectional) Fabrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . 61.4.6 New Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 RESIN ADDITIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5.1 Fire Retardants . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5.2 Promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.5.3 Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.5.4 Thixotropic Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5.5 Pigments, Coatings, Gel Coats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5.
34、6 Light Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7CHAPTER 2 MECHANICAL DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1 DESIGN BASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1.2 Mechanical Section Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . 72.1.3 Mechanical Section Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2 SIZE SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2.1 Height . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.2.2 Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.2.3 Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 AVAILABLE DRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3.1 Natural Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . 82.3.2 Draft Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 HEAT LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4.1 Ambient Co
40、nditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4.2 Film Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.4.3 Heat Loss Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.5 THERMAL EXPANSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.6 OPTIONAL APPURTENANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10ixSta
42、ndard_52_10.qxp 1/16/10 7:17 AM Page ixCHAPTER 3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
43、.2 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2.1 Design Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2.2 Drawings and Computations . . . .
44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.2.3 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103.2.4 Shop Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.3 TYPES OF FRP STACKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3.1 Self-Supported Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3.2 Braced Sta
46、cks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3.3 Guyed Stacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4 APPLIED LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4.1 Dead Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4.2 Live Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113.4.3 Wind Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4.4 Thermal Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.4.5 Drag Lo
49、ad Interference Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4.6 Concentrated Loads due to Braced or Guyed System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.4.7 Other Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5 MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.5.1 Selection of Material of Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
