1、 PRINCIPLESOF HEATINGVENTILATINGANDAIR CONDITIONINGSOLUTIONS MANUAL (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted
2、 without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ABOUT THE AUTHORSRonald H. Howell, PhD, PE, Fellow ASHRAE, retired as professor and chair of mechanical engineering at the Univer-sity of South Florida and is also professor emeritus of the University of Missouri-Rolla. For 45 years he taught coursesin refri
3、geration, heating and air conditioning, thermal analysis, and related areas. He has been the principal or co-prin-cipal investigator of 12 ASHRAE-funded research projects. His industrial and consulting engineering experience rangesfrom ventilation and condensation problems to the development and imp
4、lementation of a complete air curtain testprogram. William J. Coad, PE, Fellow ASHRAE, was ASHRAE president in 2001-2002. He has been with McClure EngineeringAssociates, St. Louis, Mo., for 45 years and is currently a consulting principal. He is also president of Coad EngineeringEnterprises. He has
5、served as a consultant to the Missouri state government and was a lecturer in mechanical engineeringfor 12 years and an affiliate professor in the graduate program for 17 years at Washington University, St. Louis. He isthe author of Energy Engineering and Management for Building Systems (Van Nostran
6、d Reinhold).Harry J. Sauer, Jr., PhD, PE, Fellow ASHRAE, was a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the Univer-sity of Missouri-Rolla. He taught courses in air conditioning, refrigeration, environmental quality analysis and control,and related areas. His research ranged from experime
7、ntal boiling/condensing heat transfer and energy recovery equip-ment for HVAC systems to computer simulations of building energy use and actual monitoring of residential energy use.He served as an advisor to the Missouri state government and has conducted energy auditor training programs for theUS D
8、epartment of Energy. Dr. Sauer passed away in June 2008. (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without AS
9、HRAEs prior written permission.American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.PRINCIPLESOF HEATINGVENTILATINGANDAIR CONDITIONING6th EditionSOLUTIONS MANUALRonald H. Howell William J. Coad Harry J. Sauer, Jr. (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-C
10、onditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ISBN 978-1-933742-70-02009 American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Condition
11、ing Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.Printed in the United States of AmericaASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaimsany duty to investigate, any product, service, process,
12、procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. Theappearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, orguaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does not warrant that th
13、einformation in the publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion inthis publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user.No part of this publication may be reproduced without permission in writ
14、ing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer whomay quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this publicationbe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying, record-ing, or otherwi
15、thout permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted atwww.ashrae.org/permissions.ASHRAE STAFFSPECIAL PUBLICATIONSMark OwenEditor/Group Managerof Handbook and Special PublicationsCindy Sheffield MichaelsManaging EditorJames Madison WalkerAssociate EditorAmelia Sanders
16、Assistant EditorElisabeth ParrishAssistant EditorMichshell PhillipsEditorial CoordinatorPUBLISHING SERVICESDavid SoltisGroup Manager of Publishing Servicesand Electronic CommunicationsJayne JacksonPublication Traffic AdministratorPUBLISHERW. Stephen Comstock (2009), American Society of Heating, Refr
17、igerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Notes to InstructorsThis manual contains solutions to most of the p
18、roblems in the textbook, Principles of Heating, Ventilating, and AirConditioning, which is based on the 2009 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals. Some of these problems require the useof tables, figures, or equations in the 2009 Handbook that may not be found in Principles of Heating, Ventilating, andAir Co
19、nditioning.The solutions in this manual are generally presented in abbreviated form, with some intermediate computations omitted.Answers and solutions are included for the majority of the problems. The remaining problems are either those requiringdiscussion or those whose solutions depend on arbitra
20、ry assumptions or data selected by the instructor.R.H. HowellW.J. Coad (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permit
21、ted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior
22、 written permission.CONTENTSSolutions toChapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . 5Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Chapter 5 . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Chapter 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Chapter 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Chapter 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139Chapter 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153Chapter 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Cha
28、pter 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Chapter 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177Chapter 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Chapter 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185Chapter 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195Chapter 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203Chapter 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . .219 (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permissi
32、on. (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Solutions toChapter 1B
33、ACKGROUND (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. (2009), America
34、n Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Chapter 1Background31.1 Estimate whether
35、ice will form on a clear night whenambient air temperature is 45F (7.2C), if the water isplaced in a shallow pan in a sheltered location where theconvective heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 Btu/hft2F(2.8 W/m2K).1.4 Estimate the size of cooling and heating equipmentthat is needed for a new bank build
36、ing in middle Americathat is 140 220 12 ft high (42.7 67 3.7 m high). Beconservative.1.5 Estimate the size of heating and cooling equipmentthat will be needed for a residence in middle America thatis 28 78 8 ft high (8.5 23.8 2.4 m high).1.6 Estimate the initial cost of the complete HVACsystem (heat
37、ing, cooling, and air moving) for an officebuilding, 40 150 10 ft high (12.2 45.7 3.1 m high).Heat in by convection Heat out by radiation to space=(Assume space 0R, Assume water is black body, 1=hA TairTwater()ATwater4=0.5()505 Tw()0.1714Tw100-4= by trial and errorTw410R 50F will freeze=Floor area 1
38、40()220()30,800 ft2=Volume 140()220()12() 370,000 ft3From Table 1.1: 250 ft2ton and 3.0 Btu/h ft3Cooling: 30 800 ft2,250 ft2ton- 123 tons=Heating: 370,000 ft3()3.0 Btu/h ft3()1,110,000 Btu/hr or 1110 Mbh=From Table 1.1: 700 ft2ton and 3.0 Btu h ft3Cooling: 28()78()700()- 3.12 tons or 3.12 12,000 37,
39、400 Btu/h=Heating: 28()78()8()ft33.0 Btu/h ft3()52,400 Btu h=Cooling unit: 40 150350 ft3ton- 17 tons=Heating unit: 40()150()10()3 Btu/h ft3()180,000 Btu/h=Air movement: 17 tons 400 cfm/ton 6900 cfm or 1.2 cfm/ft240 150 7200 cfm=Costs: Cooling system ($1500/ton) 17 tons $25,500=Heating system ($2.50/
40、cfm) 6900 7200 cfm $17,250 $18,000=Fans/ducting $7.50()6900 7200 cfm $51,750 $54,000=Total = $94,500 $97,500 (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in eith
41、er print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.4Principles of Heating, Ventilating, and Air ConditioningSolutions Manual1.7 Estimate the annual operating cost for the building inProblem 1.6 if it is all-electric.1.8 Open-ended design problem.From Table 1.2: 30.5 k
42、Wh / ft2yrEnergy 40 150()30.5()183,000 kWh=Cost $0.08 183,000()$14,640 (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permit
43、ted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Solutions toChapter 2THERMODYNAMICSAND PSYCHROMETRICS (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print o
44、r digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not per
45、mitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.Chapter 2Thermodynamics and Psychrometrics72.6 Two pounds of air contained in a cylinder expandwithout friction against a piston. The pressure on the backside of the piston is constant at 200 psia. The air initiallyoccupies a volume of 0.50 ft3. What i
46、s the work done bythe air in ft-lbfif the expansion continues until thetemperature of the air reaches 100F?2.7 Determine the specific volume, enthalpy, andentropy of 1 kg of R-134a at a saturation temperature of5C and a quality of 14%.2.8 Saturated R-134a vapor at 42C is superheated atconstant press
47、ure to a final temperature of 72C. What isthe pressure? What are the changes in specific volume,enthalpy, entropy, and internal energy?PV mRT= V2mRT2P2-2()53.3()560()200()144()- 2.073 ft3= =WPvdPvd12Pv2v1()200()144()2.073 0.5()45,300 ft lbf= = = =from R-134a tables: 0.14 0.083()0.8611310-+ 0.0123 m3
48、kg=h 0.14 395.8()0.86 192.9()+ 221.3 kJ/kgs 0.14 1.7306()0.86 0.976()+ 1.082 kJ/kg Kfrom R-134a tables:1. 42C 315 K: P 1.0721 MPa; vg0.0189 m3kg hg420.44 kJ/kg=;=Sg1.7108 kJ/kg K= uhP 420.44 1.0721 106()0.0189 1000()=u 400.2 kJ/kg=2. 72C 345 K: P 1.0037 MPa; 12- 42.0; h2453, s21.81=u2608.3=21142- 0.01890.0049 m3kg; = h2h1 453 420.44 32.6 kJ/kg=s2s1 1.81 1.71 0.10 kJ/kg k; = u2u1 427.5 400.2 27.3 kJ/kg= (2009), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Cond
