1、ASME A17 .1/CSA B44 Handbook ASME A17 .1-2013 , Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators CSA B44-13 , Safety Code for Elevators Edward A. Donoghue, cpca 2013 Edition2013 Edition ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Handbook ASME A17.1-2013, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators CSA B44-13, Safety Code for Elevator
2、s Edward A. Donoghue, CPCA Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USANo part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2014 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights re
3、served Printed in U.S.A.CONTENTS Introduction. vii Foreword viii Acknowledgments . xii Summary of Code Changes xiii Part 1 General 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose and Exceptions. 1 1.3 Definitions . 3 Part 2 Electric Elevators. 5 Scope 5 2.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures. 5 2.2 Pits. 2
4、1 2.3 Location and Guarding of Counterweights 27 2.4 Vertical Clearances and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights 29 2.5 Horizontal Car and Counterweight Clearances . 34 2.6 Protection of Space Below Hoistways 41 2.7 Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 41 2.8 Equipment
5、 in Hoistways, Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 52 2.9 Machinery and Sheave Beams, Supports, and Foundations . 59 2.10 Guarding of Equipment and Standard Railing . 67 2.11 Protection of Hoistway Openings 67 2.12 Hoistway-Door Locking Devices and Electric Contacts,
6、 and Hoistway Access Switches 93 2.13 Power Operation of Hoistway Doors and Car Doors . 103 2.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 124 2.15 Car Frames and Platforms 142 2.16 Capacity and Loading 151 2.17 Car and Counterweight Safeties . 155 2.18 Speed Governors . 168 2.19 Asc
7、ending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car Movement Protection 174 2.20 Suspension Means and Their Connections . 188 2.21 Counterweights . 197 2.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 198 2.23 Car and Counterweight Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports, and Fastenings 205 2.24 Driving Machines and Sheaves 208 2.25 Termin
8、al Stopping Devices 227 2.26 Operating Devices and Control Equipment 240 2.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 307 2.28 Layout Data 358 2.29 Identification . 358 Part 3 Hydraulic Elevators. 359 Scope 359 3.1 Construction of Hoistways and Hoistway Enclosures. 359 iii3.4 Bottom and Top Cleara
9、nces and Runbys for Cars and Counterweights 360 3.6 Protection of Spaces Below Hoistway 362 3.7 Machinery Spaces, Machine Rooms, Control Spaces, and Control Rooms . 362 3.11 Protection of Hoistway-Landing Openings . 363 3.14 Car Enclosures, Car Doors and Gates, and Car Illumination 363 3.15 Car Fram
10、es and Platforms 363 3.16 Capacity and Loading 363 3.17 Car Safeties, Counterweight Safeties, Plunger Gripper, and Governors . 364 3.18 Hydraulic Jacks . 368 3.19 Valves, Pressure Piping, and Fittings 372 3.21 Counterweights . 374 3.22 Buffers and Bumpers . 374 3.23 Guide Rails, Guide-Rail Supports,
11、 and Fastenings 374 3.24 Hydraulic Machines and Tanks 374 3.25 Terminal Stopping Devices 375 3.26 Operating Devices and Control Equipment 376 3.27 Emergency Operation and Signaling Devices 378 3.28 Layout Data 378 Part 4 Elevators With Other Types of Driving Machines . 379 4.1 Rack-and-Pinion Elevat
12、ors 379 4.2 Screw-Column Elevators 386 4.3 Hand Elevators . 389 Part 5 Special Application Elevators . 391 5.1 Inclined Elevators . 391 5.2 Limited-Use/Limited-Application Elevators . 398 5.3 Private Residence Elevators . 400 5.4 Private Residence Inclined Elevators . 408 5.5 Power Sidewalk Elevator
13、s . 411 5.6 Rooftop Elevators . 416 5.7 Special Purpose Personnel Elevators . 417 5.8 Marine Elevators 422 5.9 Mine Elevators . 423 5.10 Elevators Used for Construction . 426 5.11 Wind Turbine Tower Elevators 429 5.12 Outside Emergency Elevators . 436 Part 6 Escalators and Moving Walks. 437 6.1 Esca
14、lators 437 6.2 Moving Walks 469 Part 7 Dumbwaiters and Material Lifts. 484 Scope 484 7.1 Power and Hand Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 484 7.2 Electric and Hand Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 489 7.3 Hydraulic Dumbwaiters Without Automatic Transfer Devices 490 7.4 Mat
15、erial Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices. 490 7.5 Electric Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices . 494 7.6 Hydraulic Material Lifts Without Automatic Transfer Devices 496 7.7 Automatic Transfer Devices . 497 iv7.8 Power Dumbwaiters With Automatic Transfer Devices . 500 7.9 Electric
16、 Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices 501 7.10 Hydraulic Material Lifts With Automatic Transfer Devices . 503 Part 8 General Requirements 504 8.1 Security 504 8.2 Design Data and Formulas 504 8.3 Engineering Tests, Type Tests, and Certification 516 8.4 Elevator Seismic Requirements 521 8.5
17、 Escalator and Moving Walk Safety Requirements for Seismic Risk Zone2orGreater 528 8.6 Maintenance, Repair, Replacement, and Testing 529 8.7 Alterations . 551 8.8 Welding 582 8.9 Code Data Plate 582 8.10 Acceptance Inspections and Tests . 583 8.11 Periodic Inspections and Witnessing of Tests . 598 8
18、.12 Flood Resistances . 603 Part 9 Reference Codes, Standards, and Specifications 611 Locating Codes, Standards, and AECO Certifications 611 United States Codes and Standards . 611 Canadian Codes and Standards . 615 Accredited Elevator/Escalator Certification Organization (AECO) 615 International Co
19、des and Standards 616 Out-of-Print Codes and Standards . 616 Additional Resource Material . 616 Nonmandatory Appendices A Control System . 621 B Unlocking Zones . 621 C Location of Top Emergency Exit . 621 D Rated Load and Capacity Plates for Passenger Elevators . 621 E Elevator Requirements for Per
20、sons With Physical Disabilities in Jurisdictions Enforcing NBCC 621 F Ascending Car Overspeed and Unintended Car Movement Protection 621 G Top-of-Car Clearance . 621 H Private Residence Elevator Guarding 621 I Escalator and Moving Walk Diagrams . 621 J Relationship of Pit Ladder to Hoistway Door Unl
21、ocking Means 622 K Beveling and Clearance Requirements . 622 L Index of Alteration Requirements for Electric Elevators, Hydraulic Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walks 622 M Inertia Application for Type A Safety Device Location of Test Weight 8.10.2.2.2(ii)(2) . 622 N Recommended Inspection and Te
22、st Intervals in “Months” 622 P Plunger Gripper Stopping Distances . 622 Q Explanatory Figures for the Definitions of Elevator Machinery Space, Machine Room, Control Space, Control Room, Remote Machine Room, or Remote Control Room 622 R Inspection Operation and Hoistway Access Switch Operation Hierar
23、chy 622 vS Vertically Sliding DoorsIllustrations of Detection Zones (2.13.3.4) . 622 T Inspection and Replacement of Steel Wire Ropes . 622 U Design RequirementsTraction Elevator Suspension System 622 V Building Features for Occupant Evacuation Operation . 622 W Wind Turbine Tower Elevator Clearance
24、s 623 X Acceptance Tests 623 Y Maintenance Control Program Records 623 Index 625 The Author 648 viINTRODUCTION In 1976 I was appointed to the A17 Editorial Committee with Al Land (Chair), William “Bill” Crager (A17 Chair), and Manuel Gutierrez (ASME Secretary). At the time, the A17 Editorial Committ
25、ee was charged with a total editorial review of the A17.1 Code for the 1978 edition. Every Rule was scrutinized and editorially revised for clarification when appropriate. The Committee met weekly for this massive project. To avoid unintentionally changing the content of a Rule, it was essential tha
26、t the Committee members had a clear understanding of the technical requirements and their intent. Bill Crager had a long history as a member of the A17 Committee, including 15 years as Committee Chairman. At the meetings, the members wouldlooktoBillforhisrecollectionofwhyaRulewasintheCode.Billposses
27、sedanencyclopedic knowledge of the history of A17 requirements. His typical response would start by stating, “At the (date)A17Meeting,theCommittee approved the Rulefor the following reason.” At our next meeting, Bill would arrive with documents from his home file backing up his recollection includin
28、g the meeting dates. I quickly came to the conclusion that the “Bill Cragers” on the A17 Committee were mostly retired or would be retiring from Committee activities over the next few years. Their expansive knowledge of the past committee work and the rationale for the A17.1 Rules would no longer be
29、 available. This would be a loss not only to the A17 Committee but also to the users of the Code. I concluded that a Handbook for A17.1 would be an invaluable addition to the A17.1 Code, as the NEC Handbook was an invaluable supporting document for the NEC . I approached MelGreen,thendirectorofASMEC
30、odesandStandards,withaproposaltowriteanASMEA17.1 Handbook. He thought the idea had merit, and the first edition of the A17.1 Handbook was published at the time of publication of the 1981 edition of the A17.1 Code. A new edition of the Handbook was published thereafter with each new edition of the A1
31、7.1 Code and later the A17.1/B44 Code, with this being the 11th edition of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Handbook. As I gaze into my crystal ball at my future, it looks like this may be the last edition of the Handbook I will author. Time will tell, but if I decide to completely retire, I trust ASME will c
32、ontinue to publish new editions of the Handbook with each new edition of the ASME A17.1/ CSA B44 Code. Ed Donoghue viiFOREWORD TheASMEA17.1/CSAB44SafetyCodeforElevators and Escalators is written by a committee of technically qualifiedpersonswithaconcernandcompetenceinthe subject withinthe Committees
33、scope anda willingness to participate in the work of the Committee. The ASMEA17StandardsCommitteeisrestrictedtoamaxi- mum of 35 members of which no more than one-third can be from any single interest category. This require- ment serves to assure balance in the consensus process. In addition, there a
34、re over 300 members serving on the RegulatoryAdvisoryCouncil,NationalInterestReview Group, Technical Committees, Administrative Committees, and Ad Hoc Committees. Technical revi- sions to ASME A17.1/CSA B44 are also submitted to theCSAB44TechnicalCommitteefortheirconcurrence. ThisHandbookincorporate
35、stheharmonizationofthe ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators and CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators. Since 2000, editions oftheCSAB44andASMEA17.1Codeshavebeenidenti- cal,exceptforapplicationdeviationsnotedinCSAB44. Starting with the ASME A17.1-2007/CSA B44-07, a sin- gleCodebookhasbee
36、npublishedforuseintheUnited States and Canada. A joint effort of the CSA B44 Technical Committee and the ASME A17 Standards Committee to harmonize requirements between CSA B44 and ASME A17.1 was started in the mid-1990s. The harmonization process compared and studied differences between the twocodes
37、 over a num- ber of years through discussions by joint ASME/CSA workinggroups.Aharmonizedrequirementwasformu- lated and proposed for review and approval through formal balloting by both the ASME A17 Standards Committee and CSA B44 Technical Committee. If any member did not approve a proposed require
38、ment, the membersrationale fordisapproval wasreturned to the workingcommitteeforresolution.Theworkingcommit- tee either revised the proposal or provided a reason for rejectingthecomment.Therevisedproposalorrejection was once again balloted until negatives were resolved ortheChairmanoftheASMEA17Stand
39、ardsCommittee ruledconsensushadbeenachieved.Manyrequirements went through multiple ballots before a consensus was achieved. As a result, requirements in the ASMEA17.1-2000andCSAB44-00andlatereditionsof the Code are different from corresponding Rules and Clauses in the previous editions of ASME A17.1
40、 and CSA B44. The harmonization process identified techni- cal and editorial problems with requirements in both codes and in such cases formulated new requirements. The ASME A17 and CSA B44 Committees recognized viii that not all requirements could be fully harmonized, in particular requirements bas
41、ed on, or which depended on,othernationalcodesorregulations,suchasbuilding, electrical, and fire codes. In such cases, two separate requirements were formulated, one for “jurisdictions enforcing NBCC” (meaning National Building Code of Canadaor“NBCC”forshort)andanotherfor“jurisdic- tionsnotenforcing
42、NBCC”(meaningtheUnitedStates). In cases where no agreement on a requirement could be achieved or the publication schedule precluded con- tinuation of discussions, the CSA B44 Technical Committee created Canadian exceptions from the ASME A17.1 requirements, known as Canadian devia- tions. These Canad
43、ian deviations appeared in the CSAB44-00andCSA-B44-04ElevatorSafetyCode.Both committees continue the harmonization process and endeavor to reduce the number of Canadian deviations infutureeditions.InJanuary2006,thelistofdeviations hadshrunktothepointwheretheASMEA17Standards Committee felt they could
44、 all be incorporated in the next edition of the ASME A17.1 Code with an objective of publishing a single Safety Code for Elevators and EscalatorsforuseinboththeUnitedStatesandCanada. That objective was met with the publication of ASME A17.1-2007/CSA B44-07. ASMEandCSArecognizethattheCodemustbewrit-
45、ten in a form suitable for enforcement by state, munici- pal, and other jurisdictional or regulatory authorities often referred to in the United States as “Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)” and in Canada as “Regulatory Authorities (RA)”; and as such, the text is concise, without examples or exp
46、lanations. It is also recognized that this Code cannot cover every situation nor can it cover new technology before it is developed andfieldexperienceisgained.Forthesereasons,ASME agreed that a handbook would be useful to augment the Code by providing a commentary on the Code requirements. This Hand
47、book contains rationale for the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code requirements along with explanations, examples, and illustrations of the imple- mentation of requirements. In addition, it contains excerptsfromothernationallyrecognizedstandardsref- erenced by the Code. This information is intended to provide
48、users of the ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Code with a better understanding of, and appreciation for, the requirements. The net result should be increased safety for owners, manufacturers, installers, maintainers, con- sultants, the inspection community, and users ofequip- ment covered by the ASME A17.1/CSA B4
49、4 Code.Commentary in this Handbook was compiled from ASME A17 Committee minutes, correspondence, and interpretations, as well as conversations with past and present ASME A17 and CSA B44 committee members. The original intent for requirements in ASME A17.1 andCSAB44CodesmaybeobscureintheCommittees records. Therefore, this Handbook will convey, through text, examples of calculations, tables, and illustrations, theendresultofCoderequirementsasappliedtoequip- ment installed today where the original intent cannot befound.Itshouldnotbeconstruedthatexamples and illustrations in thi
