1、 ASME EA-4G2010Guidance for ASME EA-4, Energy Assessment for Compressed Air Systems(ANSI Designation: ASME TR EA-4G2010)AN ASME TECHNICAL REPORTINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME EA-4G2010Guidance for ASME EA-4, Energy Assessment for Compressed Air Systems(ANSI Designation: ASME TR EA-4G2010)A TECHNICAL R
2、EPORT PREPARED BY ASME AND REGISTERED WITH ANSIThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: February 25, 2011This Guide will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this Guide issued t
3、o this edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.ASME does not approve, rate, or endorse any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wit
4、h any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p
5、atent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility
6、for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the pri
7、or written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster vCorrespondence With the EA Committee .
8、 vi1 Scope and Introduction 12 Introduction to Compressed Air Systems . 33 An Effective Compressed Air System Assessment . 64 Guide to Organizing the Assessment 75 Guide to Conducting the Assessment . 136 Guide to Analysis of Data From the Assessment . 207 Guide to Reporting and Documentation 308 Bi
9、bliography 38Figures1 Example Compressed Air System . 42 Motor Power Factor as a Function of Percent Full-Load Amperage 123 Measured Power Factor Versus Percent Full-Load Amperage . 154 Example Installed Data System . 175 Example Pressure Profile 1 . 236 Example Pressure Profile 2 . 247 Example Meas
10、ured Pressure Profile . 248 Compressed Air Waste 279 Example of a Simple Block Diagram 3110 Complex Block Diagram Showing Transducer Locations . 3211 Dynamic Pressure Trend . 3512 Wrapper Machine and Test Pressure Locations TP17, TP18, and TP19 . 3613 Wrapper Dynamic Pressure Profile Signature (25-H
11、z Data Interval) 36Tables1 Site-Specific Assessment Goals 102 Production Rates Recorded During the System Assessment 193 Example Baseline Summary . 204 Example Baseline Profile for Production Day Type . 215 Example Equipment-Rating Notes . 326 Example Equipment Age/Comments 337 Example Key End-Use A
12、ir Demands 338 Example Accuracy Information . 339 Example Operational Summary 38Nonmandatory AppendicesA Expanded Glossary . 39B Measurement Uncertainty 41C Key References . 48ivFOREWORDThis guidance document provides technical background and application details in support of the understanding and a
13、pplication of ASME EA-4, Energy Assessment for Compressed Air Systems. This guidance document provides background and supporting information to assist in carrying out the standard. The guidance document covers such topics as rationale for the technical requirements of the assessment standard; techni
14、cal guidance, application notes, alternative approaches, tips, techniques, and rules-of-thumb; and example results from fulfilling the requirements of the assessment standard. This guidance document was developed to be used as an application guide on how to utilize ASME EA-4.ASME EA-4 provides a sta
15、ndardized framework for conducting an assessment of compressed air systems. A com-pressed air system is defined as a group of subsystems composed of integrated sets of components used to deliver compressed air energy to manufacturing equipment and processes. Assessments performed using the requireme
16、nts set by ASME EA-4 involve collecting and analyzing system design, operation, energy use, and performance data and iden-tifying energy performance improvement opportunities for system optimization. These assessments may also include additional information, such as recommendations for improving res
17、ource utilization, reducing per unit production cost, and improving environmental performance of the assessed system(s). ASME EA-4 provides a common definition for what constitutes an assessment for both users and providers of assess-ment services. The objective is to provide clarity for these types
18、 of services that have been variously described as energy assessments, energy audits, energy surveys, and energy studies. In all cases, systems (energy-using logical groups of industrial equipment organized to perform a specific function) are analyzed through various techniques such as measurement,
19、resulting in the identification, documentation, and prioritization of energy performance improvement opportunities. This Guide is part of a portfolio of documents and other efforts designed to improve the energy efficiency of indus-trial facilities. Initially, assessment standards and guidance docum
20、ents are being developed for compressed air, process heating, pumping, and steam systems. Other related existing and planned efforts to improve the efficiency of industrial facilities include(a) ASME assessment standards, which set the requirements for conducting and reporting the results of a com-p
21、ressed air, process heating, pumping, and steam assessments.(b) a certification program for each ASME assessment standard that recognizes certified practitioners as individu-als who have demonstrated, via a professional qualifying exam, that they have the necessary knowledge and skills to apply the
22、assessment standard properly.(c) an energy management standard, A Management System for Energy, ANSI/MSE 2000:2008, which is a stand-ardized approach to managing energy supply, demand, reliability, purchase, storage, use, and disposal and is used to control and reduce an organizations energy costs a
23、nd energy-related environmental impact.NOTE: ANSI/MSE 2000:2008 will eventually be superseded by ISO 50001, now under development.(d) an ANSI measurement and verification protocol that includes methodologies for verifying the results of energy efficiency projects.(e) a program, Superior Energy Perfo
24、rmance, that will offer an ANSI-accredited certification for energy efficiency through application of ANSI/MSE 2000:2008 and documentation of a specified improvement in energy performance using the ANSI measurement and verification protocol. Superior Energy Performance is now using the ISO Draft Int
25、ernational Standard 50001 for plants. ISO 50001 is not yet final. The Measurement and Verification Protocol is anticipated to be a normative reference to ANSI/MSE 50021 and ANSI/MSE 50028.The complementary documents described above, when used together, will assist organizations seeking to establish
26、and implement company-wide or site-wide energy plans.Publication of this Technical Report that has been registered with ANSI on July 27, 2010 has been approved by ASME. This document is registered as a Technical Report according to the Procedures for the Registration of Technical Reports with ANSI.
27、This document is not an American National Standard and the material contained herein is not normative in nature. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the Managing Director, Technical, Codes and Standards, ASME.vEA INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM ENERGY ASSESSMENT STANDARDS COMMITTEE(The foll
28、owing is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Guide.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. P. Fendt, ChairP. E. Sheaffer, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. A. Almaguer, The Dow Chemical Co.R. D. Bessette, Council of Industrial Boiler OwnersR. L. Crane, T
29、he American Society of Mechanical EngineersG. T. Cunningham, Tennessee Tech UniversityT. J. Dunn, Weyerhaeuser Co.F. P. Fendt, The Dow Chemical Co.A. R. Ganji, San Francisco State UniversityJ. C. Ghislain, Ford Motor Co.T. A. Gunderzik, XCEL EnergyS. J. Korellis, Contributing Member, Electric Power
30、Research InstituteA. T. McKane, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryW. A. Meffert, Georgia Institute of TechnologyJ. L. Nicol, Science Applications International Corp.J. D. Rees, North Carolina State UniversityP. E. Scheihing, U.S. Department of EnergyP. E. Sheaffer, Resource Dynamics Corp.V. C. Tu
31、tterow, Project Performance Corp. L. Whitehead, Tennessee Valley AuthorityA. L. Wright, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryR. G. Wroblewski, Productive Energy Solutions, LLCA. T. McKane, Chair, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryF. Moskowitz, Vice Chair, Draw Professional ServicesT. F. Taranto, Vice Cha
32、ir, Data Power Services, LLCP. E. Sheaffer, Secretary, Resource Dynamics Corp.D. Booth, Sullair Corp.M. Chang, Custom Building ProductsT. D. Hyde, Alcoa, Inc.K. J. Keena, National GridD. E. Peace, Shaw Industries Group, Inc.W. Perry, Kaeser Compressors, Inc.W. Scales, Scales Industrial Technologies,
33、 Inc.G. H. Shafer, Shafer Consulting Services, Inc.M. D. Smith, Pneu-Logic Corp.M. R. Soderlund, Georgia Institute of TechnologyT. Walker, Baxter HealthcareD. R. Woodward, Weyerhaeuser Co.J. Yarnall, Rogers Machinery Co.PROJECT TEAM EA-4 ENERGY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMSviCORRESPONDENCE W
34、ITH THE EA COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME documents are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this technical report may interact with the Committee by proposing revisions and attend-ing Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addre
35、ssed to:Secretary, EA CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990http:/go.asme.org/InquiryProposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the technical report to incorporate changes that appear nec-essary or desirable, as demonstrated by the
36、experience gained from the application of the technical report. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this technical report. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a det
37、ailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Attending Committee Meetings. The EA Committee holds meetings or telephone conferences, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of
38、 the EA Standards Committee.ASME EA-4G20101GUIDANCE FOR ASME EA-4, ENERGY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS1 SCOPE AND INTRODUCTION1.1 Scope and Purpose1.1.1 Scope. This guidance document was devel-oped to be used as an application guide on how to uti-lize ASME EA-4, Energy Assessment for Compre
39、ssed Air Systems. This guidance document provides back-ground and supporting information to assist in carrying out the standard. 1.1.2 Purpose. ASME EA-4 does not provide guid-ance on how to perform a compressed air systems energy assessment, but sets the requirements that need to be performed durin
40、g the assessment. ASME EA-4 was written in a form suitable for a standard, with con-cise text and without examples or explanations. This document was developed to be used in conjunction with the standard to give basic guidance on how to fulfill the requirements of the standard. This document is only
41、 a guide, it does not set any new requirements, and ASME EA-4 can be used with or without this document.1.2 LimitationsThis guidance document does not set any new require-ments for application of ASME EA-4.1.3 Introduction Using the System Assessment StandardASME EA-4 (the standard) is organized in
42、the follow-ing sections:(a) Section 1: Scope and Introduction. This section includes the scope for the standard, limitations of the standard, and an introduction on how to use the stand-ard that includes information on the systems approach and the system engineering process. Guidance is pro-vided in
43、 section 1 of this document.(b) Section 2: Definitions. This section provides defi-nitions of terms used in the standard. No guidance is provided for this section, although a glossary with defini-tions for additional terms is included as Nonmandatory Appendix A of this document. Section 2 of this do
44、cu-ment presents key elements and characteristics of indus-trial compressed air systems.(c) Section 3: References. This section lists documents that are referenced in the standard. No guidance is pro-vided for this section of the standard. Section 3 of this document provides background and rationale
45、 for the criteria that define an effective compressed air system assessment.(d) Section 4: Organizing the Assessment. This section outlines requirements on how to organize an assessment including identification of team members and respon-sibilities; requirements for preliminary data collection and a
46、nalysis; and requirements on the development of assessment goals and a plan of action. Guidance is pro-vided in section 4 of this document.(e) Section 5: Conducting the Assessment. This section describes that requirements for conducting an assess-ment (the implementation phase of the plan of action)
47、. Guidance is provided in section 5 of this document.(f) Section 6: Analysis of Data From the Assessment. This section presents requirements for analyzing the data col-lected during an assessment, including the development of a baseline profile. Guidance is provided in section 6 of this document.(g)
48、 Section 7: Reporting and Documentation. This sec-tion provides requirements for information presented in the assessment report. Guidance is provided in section 7 of this document.Guidance on section 1 of ASME EA-4 is provided below. Sections 2 and 3 of this guidance document provide an introduction
49、 to industrial compressed air systems and background/rationale for that criteria that define an effective compressed air system assess-ment. Sections 4 through 7 of this guidance document parallel the sections in the standard at each subhead-ing level.1.3.1 The System Assessment Process. ASME EA-4 presents requirements for compliance when conducting a compressed air system assessment to reduce energy use and improve performance. It also describes a frame-ASME EA-4G20102work for a more extensive system assessment to address performance issues and related energy opportun
