1、STP-NU-038INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGER (IHX)STP-NU-038 ASME CODE CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INTERMEDIATE HEAT EXCHANGER (IHX) Date of Issuance: September 24, 2010 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME S
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11、 electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ASME Standards Technology, LLC Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 978-0-7918-3336-0 Copyright 2010 by ASME Standards Technology, LLC All Rights Reserved ASME Code Considerations for IHX
12、 STP-NU-038 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword vii Abstract . viii PART I . 1 1 INTRODUCTION . 2 2 SCOPE . 3 3 REVIEW OF DIFFERENT IHX CONCEPTS 4 3.1 Tubular Helical Coil Heat Exchanger (THCHE) 4 3.1.1 KVK Tubular Helical Coil IHX . 4 3.1.2 HTTR Tubular IHX 6 3.2 Compact IHX 7 3.2.1 PSHE 7 3.2.2 PMHE .
13、9 3.2.3 PFHE 10 3.2.4 Two Stage IHX Concept 11 4 Maturity of the Concepts . 12 4.1 Tubular Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Maturity 12 4.1.1 Design. 12 4.1.2 Fabricability . 14 4.1.3 Component Testing 15 4.1.4 Feasibility of AREVA Concept 17 4.2 PSHE Maturity 17 4.2.1 Design. 17 4.2.2 Fabricability . 18
14、 4.2.3 Component testing 19 4.2.4 Discussion on Feasibility 19 4.3 PMHE Maturity . 20 4.3.1 Design. 20 4.3.2 Fabricability . 20 4.3.3 Component Testing 20 4.3.4 Discussion on Feasibility 20 4.4 PFHE Maturity 21 4.4.1 Design. 21 4.4.2 Fabricability . 21 4.4.3 Component Testing 21 4.4.4 Discussion on
15、Feasibility 21 5 SURVEY . 22 6 MATERIAL CANDIDATES FOR IHX APPLICATIONS 23 6.1 Identification of Candidate Materials 23 6.1.1 Recommendations of Reactor Vendors 23 6.1.2 Other Alternatives 23 6.2 Primary Issues in Materials Selection . 26 6.2.1 Core Outlet Temperature 26 6.2.2 Creep Rupture 26 STP-N
16、U-038 ASME Code Considerations for IHX iv 6.2.3 Creep-Fatigue 27 6.2.4 Weldability 27 6.2.5 Microstructural Stability . 27 6.2.6 Corrosion 27 6.3 Issues to be Addressed for Codification 28 6.3.1 Acceptable Materials of Construction 28 6.3.2 Maximum Temperature 29 6.3.3 Maximum Design Life 29 6.3.4 N
17、onclassical Creep . 29 6.3.5 Environmental Effects 30 6.3.6 Possible New Failure Mode 30 7 Conclusions 31 References - PART I . 32 PART II . 34 1 INTRODUCTION 35 2 CONSIDERED DESIGNS FOR HTR IHX . 36 2.1 Helical Tube Design 36 2.2 Compact Stacked Plate IHX designs . 36 3 KEY FEATURES OF A CONSTRUCTI
18、ON CODE . 37 3.1 Introduction 37 3.2 High Temperature Code Development in the U.S. 37 3.3 High Temperature Code Development in Germany 39 3.4 High Temperature Code Development in Japan 41 3.5 Other Heat Exchanger Code Development 42 3.6 Considerations on Safety Classification of the IHX 43 3.7 Issue
19、s Raised By the NRC in the Context of High Temperature Design . 43 3.8 Discussion on the Key Features to be Introduced 44 3.8.1 Design . 44 3.8.2 Material . 45 3.8.3 Fabrication 50 3.8.4 Examination of Joints (NDE) 52 4 TESTS REQUIRED FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF DESIGN METHODS 53 4.1 Standard Tests and
20、 Extension of Corresponding Database 53 4.2 Tests After Thermal Aging 53 4.3 Tests in HTR Helium Environment . 53 4.4 Tests on Weldments . 53 4.5 Mock-Ups to be Tested 53 5 REQUIRED IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND ASSOCIATED NDE 54 5.1 Introduction 54 5.2 Current PWR ISI Requirements . 55 5.3 KVK (German)
21、 HTR Heat Exchanger ISI Experience 55 5.4 Feasibility of NDE for the Shell and Tube IHX 56 ASME Code Considerations for IHX STP-NU-038 v 5.5 Compact Heat IHX 56 5.6 Conclusion of ISI Requirements . 57 6 ADEQUACY OF EXISTING ASTM SPECIFICATIONS . 58 6.1 Standards for Materials . 58 6.1.1 Chemical Com
22、position . 59 6.1.2 Mechanical Properties 59 6.1.3 Dimensions . 60 6.1.4 Heat Treatment . 61 6.1.5 Conclusions for Material Specifications 61 6.2 Standards for Testing . 63 6.2.1 Time-Independent Data 63 6.2.2 Time-Dependent Data 63 6.2.3 Toughness Data 64 6.2.4 External Pressure Data . 64 6.2.5 Cyc
23、lic Service Data 65 6.2.6 Other Data 65 6.2.7 Conclusions for ASTM Testing Specifications 67 7 RECOMMENDATIONS IN TERMS OF CODE INFRASTRUCTURE . 69 8 CONCLUSIONS . 70 References - PART II . 71 Appendix A - RETURNED SURVEYS . 73 Appendix B - PERTINENT DOCUMENT LIST. 79 Acknowledgments 81 Abbreviation
24、s and Acronyms . 82 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Parameters of KVK Tubular IHX . 5 Table 2 - HTTR Tubular IHX Parameters 7 Table 3 - Compositions of Candidate Materials for IHX . 25 Table 4 - Mechanical Tests on Hastelloy XR . 42 Table 5 - Specified Chemical Analysis of HTR IHX Alloys . 47 Table 6 - Cod
25、e Status of the Different IHX Alloys 47 Table 7 - Selected ASTM Specifications for Alloys 617 and 230 . 58 Table 8 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Time-Independent Properties of Materials . 63 Table 9 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Time-Dependent Properties of Materials 64 Table 10 - ASTM Standards f
26、or Measuring Toughness Properties of Materials . 64 Table 11 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Stress-Strain Curves of Materials . 65 Table 12 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Cyclic Service Properties of Materials . 65 Table 13 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Thermal Properties of Materials . 66 Table 14
27、 - ASTM Standards for Measuring Elastic Properties of Materials 67 STP-NU-038 ASME Code Considerations for IHX vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Typical Flow of the Tubular IHX 5 Figure 2 - JAERI Tubular IHX Design . 6 Figure 3 - PSHE 8 Figure 4 - PMHE . 9 Figure 5 - PFHE 10 Figure 6 - Dual Stage IHX 11
28、 Figure 7 - Misdistribution . 12 Figure 8 - Hot Header . 14 Figure 9 - Possible Weld Type in a Tubular IHX . 15 Figure 10 - View of 10MWth Mock-up for KVK Facility . 16 Figure 11 - Stamped Plate . 19 Figure 12 - Ceramic Compact Heat Exchanger Using Ceramatecs LOM Process 25 Figure 13 - Creep-Rupture
29、 Strength of Alloys 617 and 230 as a Function of Temperature and Time to Fail . 26 Figure 14 - Schematic of Classical Creep Strain as a Function of Time 29 Figure 15 - Schematic of Nonclassical Creep Strain as a Function of Time 30 Figure 16 - Comparison Creep Stress to Rupture . 41 Figure 17 - Typi
30、cal Compact IHX Module Arrangement . 54 Figure 18 - Typical Tubular IHX 55 Figure 19 - Schematic of KVK Eddy Current Delivery in the Helical IHX . 56 ASME Code Considerations for IHX STP-NU-038 vii FOREWORD This document is the result of work resulting from Cooperative Agreement DE-FC07-05ID14712 be
31、tween the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC) for the Generation IV (Gen IV) Reactor Materials Project. The objective of the project is to provide technical information necessary to update and expand appropriate ASME materials, construction and design cod
32、es for application in future Gen IV nuclear reactor systems that operate at elevated temperatures. The scope of work is divided into specific areas that are tied to the Generation IV Reactors Integrated Materials Technology Program Plan. This report is the result of work performed under Task 7 title
33、d “ASME Code Considerations for the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX).” ASME ST-LLC has introduced the results of the project into the ASME volunteer standards committees developing new code rules for Generation IV nuclear reactors. The project deliverables are expected to become vital references fo
34、r the committees and serve as important technical bases for new rules. These new rules will be developed under ASMEs voluntary consensus process, which requires balance of interest, openness, consensus and due process. Through the course of the project, ASME ST-LLC has involved key stakeholders from
35、 industry and government to help ensure that the technical direction of the research supports the anticipated codes and standards needs. This directed approach and early stakeholder involvement is expected to result in consensus building that will ultimately expedite the standards development proces
36、s as well as commercialization of the technology. ASME has been involved in nuclear codes and standards since 1956. The Society created Section III of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which addresses nuclear reactor technology, in 1963. ASME Standards promote safety, reliability and component in
37、terchangeability in mechanical systems. Established in 1880, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional not-for-profit organization with more than 127,000 members promoting the art, science and practice of mechanical and multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences. A
38、SME develops codes and standards that enhance public safety, and provides lifelong learning and technical exchange opportunities benefiting the engineering and technology community. Visit www.asme.org for more information. The ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC) is a not-for-profit Limited
39、Liability Company, with ASME as the sole member, formed in 2004 to carry out work related to newly commercialized technology. The ASME ST-LLC mission includes meeting the needs of industry and government by providing new standards-related products and services, which advance the application of emerg
40、ing and newly commercialized science and technology and providing the research and technology development needed to establish and maintain the technical relevance of codes and standards. Visit www.stllc.asme.org for more information. STP-NU-038 ASME Code Considerations for IHX viii ABSTRACT Part I -
41、 Review of Current Experience on Intermediate Heat Exchanger This report will first review the different concepts of intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) that could be envisioned for HTR/VHTR applications in a range of temperatures from 850 to 950C. This will cover shell-and-tube and compact designs (i
42、ncluding the plate-fin concept). The review will then discuss the maturity of the concepts in terms of design, fabricability and component testing. This report will also discuss material candidates for IHX applications and will discuss specific issues that will have to be addressed in the context of
43、 the HTR design. Part II - Recommended Code Approach for Intermediate Heat Exchanger This report is providing recommendations in terms of Code approach for the Intermediate Heat Exchangers envisioned for High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors. The report will address the following: Recommend key featu
44、res of a construction code needed to address the unique issues associated with the VHTR IHX and associated equipment Identify the tests which should be required to establish cyclic life or to calibrate design methods Identify required in-service inspection and associated NDE Review the adequacy of e
45、xisting ASTM specifications for materials, testing, examination, etc. to determine if any new standards will need to be developed to support IHX design, fabrication, operation or inspection. Provide recommendations in terms of Code infrastructure. ASME Code Considerations for IHX STP-NU-038 1 PART I
46、 Review of Current Experience on Intermediate Heat Exchanger STP-NU-038 ASME Code Considerations for IHX 2 1 INTRODUCTION This report reviews the current experience on various high temperature reactor intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) concepts. There are several different IHX concepts that could be
47、envisioned for HTR/VHTR applications in a range of temperatures from 850 to 950C. The concepts that will be primarily discussed herein are: Tubular Helical Coil Heat Exchanger (THCHE) Plate-Stamped Heat Exchanger (PSHE) Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHE) Plate-Machined Heat Exchanger (PMHE). The primar
48、y coolant of the NGNP is potentially subject to radioactive contamination by the core as well as contamination from the secondary loop fluid. Intermediate heat exchangers (IHXs) have been proposed as a means of separating the primary circuit of the NGNP or other process heat application from the rem
49、ainder of the plant in order to isolate the radioactivity and minimize radiation doses to personnel as well as protect the primary circuit from contamination. ASME Code Considerations for IHX STP-NU-038 3 2 SCOPE This report will first review the different concepts of IHX that could be envisioned for HTR/VHTR applications in a range of temperature from 850 to 950C. This will cover shell-and-tube and compact designs (including the plate-fin concept). The review will then discuss the maturity of the concepts in terms of design, fabricability and component testing (or fee
