1、Designation: A266/A266M 11Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A266/A266M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers four grades
3、of carbon steelforgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equip-ment.NOTE 1Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 2 Class 2Grade 3 Class 3Grade 4 Class 41.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use whenadditional testing or inspection is des
4、ired. These shall applyonly when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently
5、 of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for
6、Magnetic Particle Examinationof Steel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of SteelProductsMetricE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Siz
7、eE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,Blooms, and Forgings2.2 Other Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Weld-ing Qualifications43. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to
8、the ordering information required bySpecification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include withthe inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or writtendescription of the forging.3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lin
9、es additional ordering information, manufacturing require-ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith the requirements of Specific
10、ation A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.3.4 For hubbed flanges and tube sheets ordered for ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code application, SupplementaryRequirement S12 of SpecificationA788/A788M shall be speci-fied in addition to Supplementary Requirement S8 of thisspe
11、cification.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel shall be made in accordance with the MeltingProcess Section of Specification A788/A788M. A sufficientdiscard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipeand undue segregation.4.2 The material shall be forged as close as practical to thespec
12、ified shape and size.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originallyapproved
13、in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A266/A266M 03a(2008). DOI: 10.1520/A0266_A0266M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA266/ SA266M in Section II of that code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
14、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47thSt., New York, NY 10017.1*A Summary of Changes section appea
15、rs at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3 The finished product shall be a hot-worked forging asdefined by Specification A788/A788M.5. Machining5.1 Surfaces shall be machined as designated by th
16、e pur-chaser. Unmachined surfaces shall be sufficiently free of scaleto permit inspection.5.2 Machining may be performed either prior to or after heattreatment at the option of the manufacturer unless specified inaccordance with Supplementary Requirement S1.6. Heat Treatment6.1 After forging and bef
17、ore reheating for heat treatment,the forgings shall be cooled in such a manner as to preventinjury and to accomplish transformation.6.2 All forgings shall be annealed, normalized, or normal-ized and tempered, but alternatively may be liquid quenchedand tempered when mutually agreed upon between the
18、manu-facturer and the purchaser. When tempering is performed, itshall be at a subcritical temperature, but no less than 1100F595C.6.3 A multiple stage austenitizing procedure may be usedwhereby the forging is first fully austenitized and liquidquenched, followed by reheating within the intercritical
19、 tem-perature range to partially reaustenitize, and again liquidquenched. On completion of the austenitizing/quenchingcycles, tempering at a temperature between 1100F 595Cand the lower critical temperature shall follow.NOTE 2Although liquid quenching from the austenitizing tempera-tures is more effe
20、ctive in enhancing impact properties, air cooling from theaustenitizing temperatures is also beneficial and may be used instead ofthe normalizing procedure in 6.2.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sam-pling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shallcomply
21、 with Table 1 except that the additional features ofSupplementary Requirements S11 and S12 shall also apply asindividually specified in the ordering information.7.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the productanalysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain aproduct analysis from a forg
22、ing representing each heat ormultiple heat.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 General RequirementsExcept when otherwise speci-fied in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S2, thematerial shall conform to the requirements for mechanicalproperties prescribed in Table 2 when tested in accordance withthe
23、latest issue of Test Methods and Definitions A370 or TestMethodsA1058 when the M suffix standard has been specified.The largest obtainable tension test specimen as specified in TestMethods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods A1058,asapplicable, shall be used.8.1.1 Except when otherwise specified in
24、 accordance withSupplementary Requirement S2, the longitudinal axis of thespecimens shall be parallel to the direction of major working ofthe forging. For upset-disc forgings, the longitudinal axis of thetest specimen shall be in the tangential direction.8.1.1.1 The longitudinal axis of the specimen
25、 shall belocated midway between the parallel surfaces of the testextension if added to the periphery of disks or midway betweenthe center and surface of solid forgings. For hollow forgings,the longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be located midwaybetween the center and outer surfaces of the wall
26、. Whenseparately forged test blocks are employed as defined in 8.1.3,the tension test specimens shall be taken from a location thatrepresents the midwall of the heaviest section of the productionforgings. When specimens are required from opposite ends,they shall be taken from the diagonal corners of
27、 an axial plane.8.1.2 Except as specified herein, tests for acceptance shallbe made after heat treatment has been completed. When theends of the cylindrical forgings are closed in by reforging, thecylindrical forgings may be annealed, normalized, or normal-ized and tempered and tested prior to refor
28、ging. After reforg-ing, the entire forging shall be reheat-treated in the samemanner and at the same temperature range as employed whenthe forging was heat-treated prior to certification testing.8.1.3 When mutually agreed upon between manufacturerand purchaser, test specimens may be machined from as
29、pecially forged block suitably worked and heat treated withthe production forgings. Such a special block shall be obtainedfrom an ingot, slab, or billet from the same heat used to makethe forgings it represents. This block shall receive essentiallythe same type of hot working and forging reduction a
30、s theproduction forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar withdimensions not less than T by T by 3T may be used to representa ring forging. The dimension T shall be representative of theheaviest effective cross section of the forging. For quenchedand tempered forgings for which tests are requir
31、ed at both endsby 8.2.2.3 and 8.2.2.4, separately forged test blocks are notallowed.NOTE 3In using separately forged test blocks, attention is drawn tothe effect of mass differences between the production forgings and the testblocks.8.2 Specific RequirementsThe number and location oftests are based
32、on forging length, weight, and heat treatment,TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grades 1 and 2 Grade 3 Grade 4Carbon, max 0.30 0.35 0.30Manganese 0.401.05 0.801.35 0.801.35Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35TABLE 2 Tensile Require
33、mentsGrade 1 Grades2 and 4Grade 3Tensile strength, min, ksiMPa6085415585709548565575100515690Yield strength (0.2 % offset),min, ksi MPa302053625037.5260Elongation in 2 in. 62.5mm, min, %232120181917Reduction of area, min, % 38 33 30A266/A266M 112and shall be as prescribed below. The length and weigh
34、t to beused for this purpose shall be the shipped length and weight offorgings produced individually or the aggregate shipped lengthand weight of all pieces cut from a multiple forging.8.2.1 Annealed, Normalized, or Normalized and TemperedSteel Forgings:8.2.1.1 For forgings weighing 5000 lb 2250 kg
35、or less atthe time of heat treatment, one tension test shall be taken fromone forging per heat in each heattreatment charge. When heattreatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces with suit-able temperature controls and equipped with recording pyrom-eters so that complete heat-treatment records
36、 are available, atempering charge may be considered as any continuous run notexceeding an 8-h period.8.2.1.2 For forgings and forged bars weighing over 5000 lb2250 kg at the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall betaken from each forging.8.2.2 Quenched and Tempered Forgings:8.2.2.1 For quen
37、ched and tempered forgings weighing 5000lb 2250 kg or less at the time of heat treatment, but notexceeding 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall betaken from one forging per heat in each heattreatment charge.When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaceswith suitable temperatur
38、e controls and equipped with recordingpyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records are avail-able, a tempering charge may be considered as any continuousrun not exceeding an 8-h period.8.2.2.2 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged barsweighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg to 10 000 lb 4500 kg
39、at thetime of heat treatment, but not exceeding 12 ft 3.7 m inlength, one tension test shall be taken from each forging.8.2.2.3 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged barsthat exceed 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall betaken from each end of each forging.8.2.2.4 For quenched and t
40、empered forgings and forged barsweighing more than 10 000 lb 4500 kg at the time of heattreatment, two tension test specimens shall be taken from eachforging. These shall be offset 180 from each other except thatif the length of the forging, excluding test prolongations,exceeds 12 ft 3.7 m, then one
41、 specimen shall be taken fromeach end of the forging.9. Repair Welding9.1 Repair welding of forgings is permissible only at theoption of the purchaser. If repair welding is performed, weldersand weld procedures shall be qualified in accordance withSection IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Co
42、de.10. Certification10.1 In addition to the mandatory certification requirementsof Specification A788/A788M, the heat treatment cycle datashall be included.11. Product Marking11.1 Each forging shall be identified in accordance with theMarking Section of Specification A788/A788M. In addition,the forg
43、ing shall be marked following the grade designation bythe letter “A” for annealed, “N” for normalized, “NT” fornormalized and tempered, and “S” for liquid quenched andtempered, as applicable.12. Keywords12.1 pressure vessel service; steel forgingscarbonSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the fo
44、llowing supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by thepurchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Rough Turning and BoringS1.1 The position of the rough turning and bor
45、ing in thesequence of manufacturing operations shall be as specified bythe purchaser.S2. Alternative Tension Test OrientationS2.1 In lieu of the requirements of Section 8, the longitu-dinal axis of the test specimens shall be transverse to thedirection of major working of the forging. The results sh
46、allconform with requirements of Table 2, with the exception ofthe ductility limits that shall be as follows:Grade 1 2 and 4 3Elongation in 2 in. 62.5 mm, min, % 20 18 19 17 18 16Reduction of area, min, % 30 25 25S3. Hydrostatic TestS3.1 Ahydrostatic pressure test shall be applied. The detailsof the
47、test, including its position in the sequence of manufac-turing operations, shall be specified.S4. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS4.1 All accessible surfaces of the finished forging shall beexamined by a magnetic particle method. The method shall bein accordance with Practice A275/A275M. Acceptance li
48、mitsshall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.S5. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS5.1 After forgings have been heat treated by liquid quench-ing and tempering, all accessible surfaces shall be inspected forA266/A266M 113quench cracks by the liquid penetrant method in accordancew
49、ith Test Method E165 as an alternative to magnetic particleexamination.S6. Macroetch TestS6.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched toshow flow lines and internal imperfections. The test shall beconducted in accordance with Method E381. Details of the testshall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.S7. Product AnalysisS7.1 A product analysis in accordance with Section 7 shallbe made from one randomly selected forging representing eachsize and shape of forging on the or
