1、Designation: A266/A266M 11A266/A266M 13Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A266/A266M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, t
2、he year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2
3、covers four grades of carbon steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment.NOTE 1Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 2 Class 2Grade 3 Class 3Grade 4 Class 4Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 2 Class 2Grade 3 Class 3Grade 4 Class 4
4、1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply onlywhen specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values sta
5、ted in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be fur
6、nished to the inch-poundunits.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsA1058 Test Method
7、s for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings2.2 Other Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vesse
8、l Code, Section IX, Welding QualificationsIX43. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with the inquiryand order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging.1 Thi
9、s specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2013. Published October 2011January 2014. Originally approved i
10、n 1943. Last previous edition approved in 20082011 asA266/A266M 03a (2008).A266/A266M 11. DOI: 10.1520/A0266_A0266M-11. 10.1520/A0266_A0266M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA266/ SA266M in Section II of that code.3 For referencedASTM standards,
11、visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th St., Engineers (ASM
12、E),ASME International Headquarters, Two ParkAve., New York, NY10017.10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically
13、 possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
14、rdCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, te
15、sting and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall preva
16、il.3.4 For hubbed flanges flat heads and tube sheets ordered for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code application,Supplementary Requirement S12 of Specification A788/A788M shall be specified in addition to Supplementary Requirement S8of this specification.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The steel sh
17、all be made in accordance with the Melting Process Section of Specification A788/A788M. A sufficient discardshall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipe and undue segregation.4.2 The material shall be forged as close as practical to the specified shape and size.4.3 The finished product shall
18、be a hot-worked forging as defined by Specification A788/A788M.5. Machining5.1 Surfaces shall be machined as designated by the purchaser. Unmachined surfaces shall be sufficiently free of scale to permitinspection.5.2 Machining may be performed either prior to or after heat treatment at the option o
19、f the manufacturer unless specified inaccordance with Supplementary Requirement S1.6. Heat Treatment6.1 After forging and before reheating for heat treatment, the forgings shall be cooled in such a manner as to prevent injury andto accomplish transformation.6.2 All forgings shall be annealed, normal
20、ized, or normalized and tempered, but alternatively may be liquid quenched andtempered when mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. When tempering is performed, it shall be ata subcritical temperature, but no less than 1100F 595C.6.3 A multiple stage austenitizing procedure
21、may be used whereby the forging is first fully austenitized and liquid quenched,followed by reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially reaustenitize, and again liquid quenched. Oncompletion of the austenitizing/quenching cycles, tempering at a temperature between 1100F 595C an
22、d the lower criticaltemperature shall follow.NOTE 2Although liquid quenching from the austenitizing temperatures is more effective in enhancing impact properties, air cooling from theaustenitizing temperatures is also beneficial and may be used instead of the normalizing procedure in 6.2.7. Chemical
23、 Composition7.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply withTable 1 except that the additional features of Supplementary Requirements S11 and S12 shall also apply as individually specifiedin the ordering information.TABLE 1 Chemi
24、cal RequirementsComposition, %Grades 1 and 2 Grade 3 Grade 4Carbon, max 0.30 0.35 0.30Manganese 0.401.05 0.801.35 0.801.35Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %Grades 1 and 2 Grade 3 Grade 4Carbon, m
25、ax 0.30 0.35 0.30Manganese 0.401.05 0.801.35 0.801.35Phosphorus, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35A266/A266M 1327.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a productanalysis from a f
26、orging representing each heat or multiple heat.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 General RequirementsExcept when otherwise specified in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S2, the materialshall conform to the requirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 2 when tested in accordance with
27、 the latest issueof Test Methods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods A1058 when the M suffix standard has been specified. The largestobtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methods and Definitions A370 or Test Methods A1058, as applicable, shallbe used.8.1.1 Except when otherwise spec
28、ified in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S2, the longitudinal axis of thespecimens shall be parallel to the direction of major working of the forging. For upset-disc forgings, the longitudinal axis of thetest specimen shall be in the tangential direction.8.1.1.1 The longitudinal axis of th
29、e specimen shall be located midway between the parallel surfaces of the test extension ifadded to the periphery of disks or midway between the center and surface of solid forgings. For hollow forgings, the longitudinalaxis of the specimens shall be located midway between the center and outer surface
30、s of the wall.When separately forged test blocksare employed as defined in 8.1.3, the tension test specimens shall be taken from a location that represents the midwall of theheaviest section of the production forgings.When specimens are required from opposite ends, they shall be taken from the diago
31、nalcorners of an axial plane.8.1.2 Except as specified herein, tests for acceptance shall be made after heat treatment has been completed. When the ends ofthe cylindrical forgings are closed in by reforging, the cylindrical forgings may be annealed, normalized, or normalized andtempered and tested p
32、rior to reforging.After reforging, the entire forging shall be reheat-treated in the same manner and at the sametemperature range as employed when the forging was heat-treated prior to certification testing.8.1.3 When mutually agreed upon between manufacturer and purchaser, test specimens may be mac
33、hined from a speciallyforged block suitably worked and heat treated with the production forgings. Such a special block shall be obtained from an ingot,slab, or billet from the same heat used to make the forgings it represents. This block shall receive essentially the same type of hotworking and forg
34、ing reduction as the production forgings; however, a longitudinally forged bar with dimensions not less than Tby T by 3T may be used to represent a ring forging. The dimension T shall be representative of the heaviest effective cross sectionof the forging. For quenched and tempered forgings for whic
35、h tests are required at both ends by 8.2.2.3 and 8.2.2.4, separatelyforged test blocks are not allowed.NOTE 3In using separately forged test blocks, attention is drawn to the effect of mass differences between the production forgings and the test blocks.8.2 Specific RequirementsThe number and locati
36、on of tests are based on forging length, weight, and heat treatment, and shallbe as prescribed below. The length and weight to be used for this purpose shall be the shipped length and weight of forgingsproduced individually or the aggregate shipped length and weight of all pieces cut from a multiple
37、 forging.8.2.1 Annealed, Normalized, or Normalized and Tempered Steel Forgings:8.2.1.1 For forgings weighing 5000 lb 2250 kg or less at the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall be taken from oneforging per heat in each heattreatment charge. When heat treatment is performed in continuous-ty
38、pe furnaces with suitabletemperature controls and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records are available, a temperingcharge may be considered as any continuous run not exceeding an 8-h period.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrade 1 Grades2 and 4Grade 3Tensile strength,
39、min, ksiMPa6085415585709548565575100515690Yield strength (0.2 % offset),min, ksi MPa302053625037.5260Elongation in 2 in. 62.5mm, min, %232120181917Reduction of area, min, % 38 33 30TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGrade 1 Grades2 and 4Grade 3Tensile strength, min, ksiMPa6085415585709548565575100515690Yie
40、ld strength (0.2 % offset),min, ksi MPa302053625037.5260Elongation in 2 in. 62.5mm, min, %232120181917Reduction of area, min, % 38 33 30A266/A266M 1338.2.1.2 For forgings and forged bars weighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg at the time of heat treatment, one tension test shall betaken from each forging.8.2
41、.2 Quenched and Tempered Forgings:8.2.2.1 For quenched and tempered forgings weighing 5000 lb 2250 kg or less at the time of heat treatment, but not exceeding12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall be taken from one forging per heat in each heattreatment charge.When heat treatmentis performed
42、in continuous-type furnaces with suitable temperature controls and equipped with recording pyrometers so thatcomplete heat-treatment records are available, a tempering charge may be considered as any continuous run not exceeding an 8-hperiod.8.2.2.2 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged bars
43、 weighing over 5000 lb 2250 kg to 10 000 lb 4500 kg at thetime of heat treatment, but not exceeding 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall be taken from each forging.8.2.2.3 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged bars that exceed 12 ft 3.7 m in length, one tension test shall be takenfr
44、om each end of each forging.8.2.2.4 For quenched and tempered forgings and forged bars weighing more than 10 000 lb 4500 kg at the time of heattreatment, two tension test specimens shall be taken from each forging. These shall be offset 180 from each other except that ifthe length of the forging, ex
45、cluding test prolongations, exceeds 12 ft 3.7 m, then one specimen shall be taken from each end ofthe forging.9. Repair Welding9.1 Repair welding of forgings is permissible only at the option of the purchaser. If repair welding is performed, welders andweld procedures shall be qualified in accordanc
46、e with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.10. Certification10.1 In addition to the mandatory certification requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the heat treatment cycle data shallbe included.11. Product Marking11.1 Each forging shall be identified in accordance with the Mark
47、ing Section of Specification A788/A788M. In addition, theforging shall be marked following the grade designation by the letter “A” for annealed, “N” for normalized, “NT” for normalizedand tempered, and “S” for liquid quenched and tempered, as applicable.12. Keywords12.1 pressure vessel service; stee
48、l forgingscarbonSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by thepurchaser in the inquiry, contract, or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.S1. Rough T
49、urning and BoringS1.1 The position of the rough turning and boring in the sequence of manufacturing operations shall be as specified by thepurchaser.S2. Alternative Tension Test OrientationS2.1 In lieu of the requirements of Section 88, the longitudinal axis of the test specimens shall be transverse to the directionof major working of the forging. The results shall conform with requirements of Table 2, with the exception of the ductility limitsthat shall be as fo
