1、Designation: A307 12Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSITensile Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers the ch
3、emical and mechanicalrequirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs insizes14 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by“Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:Grade DescriptionGrade A Bolts, studs, and threadedrod having a minimumtensile strength of 60 ksia
4、nd intended for generalapplications,Grade B Bolts, studs, and threadedrodAhaving a tensilestrength of 60 to 100 ksi andintended for flanged joints inpiping systems with cast ironflanges, andGrade C Replaced by SpecificationF1554 Gr.36AThreaded rod is not usually produced to Grade B, but can be when
5、specified bythe purchaser.1.2 This specification does not cover requirements formachine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanicalexpansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unlessotherwise specified, the grade and style of n
6、ut for each grade offastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows:Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleAA14 to 112 in. A, hexA over 112 to 4 in. A, heavy hexB,14 to 4 in. A, heavy hexANuts of other grades and styles having specified proof load stresses (Specifica-tion A563, Table 3) g
7、reater than the specified grade and style of nut are alsosuitable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature isprovided, which describes additional restrictions to be appliedwhen bolts are to be welded. It shall
8、apply only when specifiedin the inquiry, order, and contract.1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA706/A706M Specification for Low-Alloy Stee
9、l Deformedand Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Proper-ties of Externally and Int
10、ernally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF1554 Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and105-ksi Yield StrengthF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF23
11、29 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Standards:B 1.1 Unified Screw Threads4B 18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws4B 18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System5B18
12、.31.3 Threaded Rods (Inch Series)41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1947.
13、 Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A307 10. DOI:10.1520/A0307-12.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-cation SA-307 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servic
14、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanica
15、l Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Order
16、ing Information3.1 Orders for externally threaded fasteners (including nutsand accessories) under this specification shall include thefollowing:3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.2 Name of product, bolts or studs; and bolt head style,that is, hex or heavy hex, or threaded rod,3.1.3 Grade,
17、that is, A, or B. If no grade is specified, GradeA is furnished.3.1.4 Quantities (number of pieces by size including nuts),3.1.5 Fastener size and length,3.1.6 WashersQuantity and size (separate from bolts),3.1.7 Zinc CoatingSpecify the zinc-coating processrequired, for example, hot-dip, mechanicall
18、y deposited, or nopreference (see 4.5).3.1.8 Other FinishesSpecify other protective finish, ifrequired.3.1.9 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture isrequired,3.1.10 Specify if certified test report is required (see 8.2),and3.1.11 Specify additional testing (8.3) or special require-ments.3.1.
19、12 For establishment of a part identifying system, seeASME B18.24.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Steel for bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall be made bythe open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process.4.2 Bolts shall be produced by hot or cold forging of theheads or machining from bar s
20、tock.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 Cold headed fasteners with head configurations otherthan hex having a minimum head height less than or equal to.5 D (D is nominal diameter) shall be stress relief annealed ata minimum temperature of 875F.4.3.2 Stress relieving of hex head fasteners and those withminimum
21、 head heights greater than .5 D shall be at themanufacturers option.4.4 Bolt and stud threads shall be rolled or cut.4.5 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited:4.5.1 When zinc-coated fasteners are required, the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc-coating process, for example hotdip, mechani
22、cally deposited, or no preference.4.5.2 When hot-dip is specified, the fasteners shall bezinc-coated by the hot-dip process in accordance with therequirements of Specification F2329.4.5.3 When mechanically deposited is specified, the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical-deposition proce
23、ssin accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of Specifica-tion B695.4.5.4 When no preference is specified, the supplier mayfurnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F2329, or a mechanically deposited zinc coatingin accordance with Specification B695, Class 55. Thread
24、edcomponents (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by the samezinc-coating process and the suppliers option is limited to oneprocess per item with no mixed processes in a lot.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Grade A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod shall havea heat analysis conforming to the requirements s
25、pecified inTable 1 based on the steel producers heat analysis.5.2 The purchaser shall have the option of conductingproduct analyses on finished bolts in each lot, which shallconform to the product analysis specified in Table 1.5.3 In case of conflict or for referee purposes, the productanalysis shal
26、l take precedence.5.4 Bolts and studs are customarily furnished from stock, inwhich case individual heats of steel cannot be identified.5.5 Application of heats of steel to which bismuth,selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shallnot be permitted for Grade B bolts and studs.5.6 C
27、hemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.6. Mechanical Properties6.1 Grades A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod shallconform to the hardness specified in Table 2.6.2 Grade A and B bolts, studs, and threaded rod 1 in. indiameter or less, o
28、ther than those excepted in 6.4, shall betested full size and shall conform to the requirements for tensilestrength specified in Table 3. Threaded rod is permitted to becut to a length suitable for tensile testing and shall be treatedusing the same method specified for studs.6.3 GradeAand B bolts, s
29、tuds, and threaded rod larger than112 in. in diameter, other than those excepted in 6.4, shallpreferably be tested full size and when equipment of sufficientcapacity is available and shall conform to the requirements fortensile strength specified in Table 3. When equipment ofsufficient capacity for
30、full-size testing is not available, or whenthe length of the bolt or stud makes full-size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconform to the requirements specified in Table 4.6.4 GradesAand B bolts and studs less than three diametersin length or bolts with drilled or unde
31、rsize heads are not subjectto tensile tests.6.5 In the event that bolts, studs, and threaded rod are testedby both full size and by machine test specimen methods, thefull-size test shall govern if a controversy between the twomethods exists.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Grades A and B Bolts,Stud
32、s, and Threaded RodHeat Analysis Product AnalysisCarbon, max 0.29 0.33Manganese, max 1.20 1.25Phosphorus, max 0.04 0.041Sulfur, maxGrade A 0.15AGrade B 0.05 0.051AResulfurized steel is not subject to rejection based on product analysis for sulfur.A307 1226.6 For bolts, studs, and threaded rod on whi
33、ch bothhardness and tension tests are performed, acceptance based ontensile requirements shall take precedence in the event thatthere is controversy over low readings of hardness tests.7. Dimensions7.1 Unless otherwise specified, threads on bolts and studsshall be the Coarse Thread Series as specifi
34、ed in the latest issueof ASME B1.1, and shall have a Class 2A tolerance. Unlessotherwise specified, threads on threaded rod shall be per therequirements of the latest issue of ASME B18.31.3.7.2 Unless otherwise specified, Grade A bolts shall be hexbolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue o
35、f ASMEB18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, Grade B bolts shall beheavy hex bolts with dimensions as given in the latest issue ofASME B18.2.1. Unless otherwise specified, threads onthreaded rod shall be per the requirements of the latest issue ofASME B18.31.3.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, bolts, st
36、uds, and threadedrod to be used with nuts or tapped holes which have beentapped oversize, in accordance with Specification A563, shallhave threads as specified in 7.1 before hot-dip or mechanicallydeposited zinc coating. After zinc coating the maximum limitof pitch and major diameter shall not excee
37、d the Class 2Amaximum limit by more than the following amounts:Diameter, in. Oversize Limit, in. (mm)A14 0.016516,38 0.017716,12 0.018916 to34, incl 0.02078 0.0221.0to114, incl 0.024138,112 0.027134 to 4.0, incl 0.050AThese values are the same as the overtapping required for zinc-coated nuts inSpeci
38、fication A563.7.4 The gaging limit for bolts and studs, and threaded rodshall be verified during manufacture or use by assembly of anut tapped as nearly as practical to the amount oversize shownabove. In case of dispute, a calibrated thread ring gage of thatsame size (Class X tolerance, gage toleran
39、ce plus) shall beused. Assembly of the gage, or the nut described above, mustbe possible with hand effort following application of lightmachine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gage. Theseinspections, when performed to resolve disputes, shall beperformed at the frequency and quality describe
40、d in Table 5.8. Number of Tests and Retests8.1 The requirements of this specification shall be met incontinuous mass production for stock, and the manufacturershall make sample inspections to ensure that the productconforms to the specified requirements. Additional tests ofindividual shipments of ma
41、terial are not ordinarily contem-plated. Individual heats of steel are not identified in the finishedproduct.TABLE 2 Hardness Requirements for Bolts, Studs, and ThreadedRodGrade Length, in. HardnessABrinell Rockwell Bmin max min maxA Less than3diaB121 241 69 1003 dia and longer . . . 241 . . . 100B
42、Less than3diaB121 212 69 953 dia and longer . . . 212 . . . 95AAs measured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.BAlso bolts with drilled or undersize heads. These sizes and bolts with modifiedheads shall meet the minimum and maximum hardness as hardness is the onlyrequirement.TABLE 3
43、 Tensile Requirements for Full-Size Bolts, Studs, andThreaded RodBoltSize,in.Threadsper inchStressArea,Ain.2Tensile Strength, lbfBGradeA, minCGrade BminDmaxD14 20 0.0318 1 900 1 900 3 180516 18 0.0524 3 100 3 100 5 24038 16 0.0775 4 650 4 650 7 750716 14 0.1063 6 350 6 350 10 63012 13 0.1419 8 500 8
44、 500 14 190916 12 0.182 11 000 11 000 18 20058 11 0.226 13 550 13 550 22 60034 10 0.334 20 050 20 050 33 40078 9 0.462 27 700 27 700 46 2001 8 0.606 36 350 36 350 60 600118 7 0.763 45 800 45 800 76 300114 7 0.969 58 150 58 150 96 900138 6 1.155 69 300 69 300 115 500112 6 1.405 84 300 84 300 140 5001
45、34 5 1.90 114 000 114 000 190 0002 4 2.50 150 000 150 000 250 000214 4 3.25 195 000 195 000 325 000212 4 4.00 240 000 240 000 400 000234 4 4.93 295 800 295 800 493 0003 4 5.97 358 200 358 200 597 000314 4 7.10 426 000 426 000 710 000312 4 8.33 499 800 499 800 833 000334 4 9.66 579 600 579 600 966 00
46、04 4 11.08 664 800 664 800 1 108 000AArea calculated from the equation:As= 0.7854 D (0.9743/n)2where:As= stress area,D = nominal diameter of bolt, andn = threads per inch.B1 lbf = 4.448 N.CBased on 60 ksi (414 MPa).DBased on 60100 ksi (414690 MPa).TABLE 4 Tensile Requirements for Machined SpecimensG
47、rade A Grade BTensile strength, ksi 60 min 60100Yield point, min ksi . . . . . .Elongation in 2 in.,min, %18 18A307 1238.2 When specified in the order, the manufacturer shallfurnish a test report certified to be the last completed set ofmechanical tests for each stock size in each shipment.8.3 When
48、additional tests are specified on the purchaseorder, a lot, for purposes of selecting test samples, shall consistof all material offered for inspection at one time that has thefollowing common characteristics:8.3.1 One type of item,8.3.2 One nominal size, and8.3.3 One nominal length of bolts and stu
49、ds.8.4 From each lot, the number of tests for each requirementshall be as follows:Number of Pieces in Lot Number of Samples800 and under 1801 to 8 000 28 001 to 22 000 3Over 22 000 58.5 If any machined test specimen shows defective machin-ing it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted.8.6 Should any sample fail to meet the requirements of aspecified test, double the number of samples from the same lotshall be tested, in which case all of the additional samples shallmeet the specification.9. Test Methods9.1 G
