1、Designation: A372/A372M 10 A372/A372M 12Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A372/A372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressur
3、e vessel use. Three types ofcarbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made fromseamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness a
4、nd cooling rate will necessarilyeliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Class 70 T
5、ype V Grade 1 Class 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class
6、55Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGrade M
7、Class 100 Type IX Class B1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may res
8、ult in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This
9、 specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2010November 2012. Originally publis
10、hed in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20082010as A372/A372M 03 (2008).A372/A372M 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-10. 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-12.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code.3 For referenced ASTM stand
11、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an
12、ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publish
13、ed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Pr
14、oductsA388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165 Practice for Li
15、quid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for DuctilityE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the p
16、urchaser shall include with the inquiryand order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging and the areas of significant loading in the forging whenrequired (see 6.4.2.2).3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M,
17、 which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements
18、of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:4.1.1 The steel melting procedures of Specification A788/A788M shall apply except that for Grade M forgings, only steel thathas been vacuum treated prior to or during the
19、 pouring of the ingot, in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen,shall be used.4.2 Production Methods:4.2.1 Methods for the production of gas bottles and similar vessels shall include the cupping of slabs or plates, the piercing ofbillets or plates, and the subsequent drawing of
20、cups so produced. Such semifinished forgings or seamless steel pipe or tubing shallbe closed by spinning, swedging, or pressing. In all cases there shall be sufficient discard to ensure soundness in the completedforging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, Grades A, B, C, D an
21、d Classes 55, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J forgings shallbe normalized, normalized and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Classes 90 and 110 of Grade J forgings shall be liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.3 When normalized forgings are to be tempered, or when for
22、gings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least 12 h/in. 25 mm of maximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as follows:Grades E, F, G, H, J in Classes 55, 65, 70,901100F 595CGrade K 1100F 595CGrade L 1000F 540CGrade J Cla
23、ss 110 1000F 540CGrade M 1100F 595C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previously quenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post weld heat treatmenttemperature of a weldment shall not exceed the prior tempering temperature of the pressure vessel. Fabrication welding of pressureshell is not pe
24、rmitted. Attachment welding prior to heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subject to magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be performed after all forming operations.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisTh
25、e heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply withTable 1.5.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a productanalysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.5.3 Star
26、ting material produced to a specification that specifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed inTable 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation or inclusion controladditions. Supplementary Requirements S1 and S2 of Speci
27、fication A788/A788M shall apply.A372/A372M 1226. Mechanical Properties6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after the final heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, the material shall conform to therequirements of Ta
28、ble 2. The yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepending upon the outside diameter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or bored forgings, a bendtest or flattening test will be required.6.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters of 1
29、4 in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a flattening test is required. This shall be carried out in accordance with Specification A530/A530M and Table 3. No breaks orcracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distance between the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.6.
30、3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters over 14 in. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less at themanufacturers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1, or a transverse bend test in accordance with Arrangement C of TestMethods E290 is required. The bend test pin diamete
31、r shall be as specified in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the test piece areallowable when the test piece is bent through the required angle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells shall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, fr
32、om test rings thathave been heat treated with the forgings they represent, or from a representative forging after heat treatment in accordance with4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells shall be located at a position corresponding to the mid-wall locationof the parallel side
33、 wall of the heat-treated forging and shall be oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.6.4.1.2 A test ring shall be in the shape of a right circular cylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as the cylindersit represents. In addition, the test ring shall be from the same
34、heat of steel and be subjected to the same heat treatment as thecylinders it represents. The method of quenching the test ring must duplicate that of the cylinders; if the cylinders are quenchedTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 ma
35、x 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.170.27Grade EClasses5
36、5, 65, 70Grade FClasses55, 65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015max
37、Sulfur, max 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade LGrade MClasses 85and 100Carbon 0.18
38、max 0.380.43 0.23 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40Phosphorus, 0.025 max 0.025 0.020Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.025 max 0.025 0.020Sulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00Molybdenum 0.200.6
39、0 0.200.30 0.400.60Vanadium 0.08 maxA372/A372M 123from the outside only, then the test ring must have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will be liquid quenched must beat least 24 in. 610 mm. The ends of such test rings may be vented to prevent pressure buildup during heat treating.6.4.2
40、 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similar components may be taken from a full section prolongation of thecover, from a representative forging, or from an integral prolongation when the part is contour-machined prior to heat treatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongati
41、ons or representative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile Strength,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin 2 in.50 mm,min, %Hardness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 5156
42、90 45 310 18 156Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 187Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145 8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 90)120145 8251000 90 620 18 24
43、8Grade J(Class 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 155180 10701240 135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 725895 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 8251000 100 690 16 248A When required by 6.6.TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsAType Distanc
44、e Between PlatesGrade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) andGrade J (Class 90) 0.8 DGrade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Class 100) 0.
45、8 DA D = outside diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Diameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2T 180Grade B 2T 180Grade C 3T 180Grade D 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70)and Grade J (Class 90)
46、4T 150Grade J (Class 110) 6 T 150Grade K 4T 150Grade L 6T 150Grade M (Class 85) 4 T 150Grade M (Class 100) 4 T 150A372/A372M 1246.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined prior to heat treatment so that highly stressed surfaces are exposed, the testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) fro
47、m the nearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area, but not less than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from a second surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mm or 2t.6.5 Number of Tests:6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgings, each with a heat-treated weight of less than 1000 lb
48、510 kg when heat treated in a single batchfurnace charge, shall have one tension test taken in accordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. In addition, for hollowor bored forgings, one bend or flattening test shall be taken in accordance with 6.3.6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 10
49、00 lb 450 kg each when heat treated in a continuous furnace, shall have one tensiletest taken to represent each heat and not more than 200 forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h duration. In addition, boredor hollow forgings shall have one bend or flattening test taken per heat per 200 forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h durationin accordance with 6.3.6.5.3 Fo
