1、Designation: A372/A372M 12A372/A372M 13Standard Specification forCarbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Thin-Walled PressureVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A372/A372M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers relatively thin-walled forgings (including gas bottles) for pressure
3、 vessel use. Three types ofcarbon steel and six types of alloy steel are included. Provision is made for integrally forging the ends of vessel bodies made fromseamless pipe or tubing.NOTE 1When working to the chemical and tensile requirements of this specification, the influence of wall thickness an
4、d cooling rate will necessarilyeliminate certain forging sizes in each class.NOTE 2Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade A Type IGrade B Type IIGrade C Type IIIGrade D Type IVGrade E Class 55 Type V Grade 1 Class 55Grade E Class 65 Type V Grade 1 Class 65Grade E Class 70 Ty
5、pe V Grade 1 Class 70Grade F Class 55 Type V Grade 2 Class 55Grade F Class 65 Type V Grade 2 Class 65Grade F Class 70 Type V Grade 2 Class 70Grade G Class 55 Type V Grade 3 Class 55Grade G Class 65 Type V Grade 3 Class 65Grade G Class 70 Type V Grade 3 Class 70Grade H Class 55 Type V Grade 4 Class 5
6、5Grade H Class 65 Type V Grade 4 Class 65Grade H Class 70 Type V Grade 4 Class 70Grade J Class 55 Type V Grade 5 Class 55Grade J Class 65 Type V Grade 5 Class 65Grade J Class 70 Type V Grade 5 Class 70Grade K Type VIGrade L Type VIIGrade J Class 110 Type VIIIGrade M Class 85 Type IX Class AGrade M C
7、lass 100 Type IX Class B1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may resu
8、lt in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished toinch-pound units.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This
9、specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2013. Published November 2012November 2013. Originally published
10、 in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 20102012as A372/A372M 10.A372/A372M 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0372_A0372M-12.10.1520/A0372_A0372M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specification SA-372/SA-372M in Section II of that code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit
11、theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard
12、an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is
13、to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA388/A38
14、8M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel ForgingsA530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General RequirementsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid
15、 Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE290 Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for DuctilityE433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection2.2 Other Standard:ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code43. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 In addition to the ordering inf
16、ormation required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with the inquiryand order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging and the areas of significant loading in the forging whenrequired (see 6.4.2.2).3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conf
17、orm to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlinesadditional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.3.3 If the requirements of this
18、specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, therequirements of this specification shall prevail.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:4.1.1 The steel melting procedures of Specification A788/A788M shall apply except that for Grade M forgings, only stee
19、l thathas been vacuum treated prior to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order to remove objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen,shall be used.4.2 Production Methods:4.2.1 Methods for the production of gas bottles and similar vessels shall include the cupping of slabs or plates, the piercing
20、 ofbillets or plates, and the subsequent drawing of cups so produced. Such semifinished forgings or seamless steel pipe or tubing shallbe closed by spinning, swedging, or pressing. In all cases there shall be sufficient discard to ensure soundness in the completedforging.4.3 Heat Treatment:4.3.1 At
21、the option of the manufacturer, Grades A, B, C, D and Classes 55, 65, 70 of Grades E, F, G, H, and J forgings shallbe normalized, normalized and tempered, or liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.2 Grades K, L, M, and Classes 90 and 110 of Grade J forgings shall be liquid-quenched and tempered.4.3.3 When
22、 normalized forgings are to be tempered, or when forgings have been quenched, they shall be reheated to asubcritical temperature and held for at least 12 h/in. 25 mm of maximum cross section.4.3.3.1 Minimum tempering temperatures shall be as follows:colwidth=“1.61in“/COLSPECGrades E, F, G, H, J in C
23、lasses 55, 65, 70,901100F 595CGrade K 1100F 595CGrade L 1000F 540CGrade J Class 110 1000F 540CGrade M 1100F 595C4.3.3.2 If an attachment is welded onto a previously quenched and tempered pressure vessel, the post weld heat treatmenttemperature of a weldment shall not exceed the prior tempering tempe
24、rature of the pressure vessel. Fabrication welding of pressureshell is not permitted. Attachment welding prior to heat treatment is not permitted.4.3.4 All quenched and tempered forgings shall be subject to magnetic particle examination in accordance with Section 7.4.3.5 Heat treatment is to be perf
25、ormed after all forming operations.5. Chemical Composition5.1 Heat AnalysisThe heat analysis obtained from sampling in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply withTable 1.4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., N
26、ew York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.A372/A372M 1325.2 Product AnalysisThe purchaser may use the product analysis provision of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a productanalysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.5.3 Starting material produced to a specification that spec
27、ifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed inTable 1 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted. This does not preclude use of deoxidation or inclusion controladditions. Supplementary Requirements S1 and S2 of Specification A788/A788M shall apply.6. Mechanical Prope
28、rties6.1 Mechanical tests for acceptance shall be made after the final heat treatment of the forgings.6.2 Tension TestWhen tested in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, the material shall conform to therequirements of Table 2. The yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 % offset
29、 method.6.3 Bending PropertiesDepending upon the outside diameter, D, and the wall thickness, T, of hollow or bored forgings, a bendtest or flattening test will be required.6.3.1 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters of 14 in. 355 mm or less and with a D/T ratio of more than 10.0,a fla
30、ttening test is required. This shall be carried out in accordance with Specification A530/A530M and Table 3. No breaks orcracks in the test ring are acceptable until the distance between the plates is less than that shown in Table 3.6.3.2 For bored or hollow forgings with outside diameters over 14 i
31、n. 355 mm, or where the D/T ratio is 10.0 or less at themanufacturers option, the flattening test specified in 6.3.1, or a transverse bend test in accordance with Arrangement C of TestMethods E290 is required. The bend test pin diameter shall be as specified in Table 4. No cracks or ruptures in the
32、test piece areallowable when the test piece is bent through the required angle.6.4 Orientation and Location of Test Specimens:6.4.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells shall be taken from a prolongation of a forging, from test rings thathave been heat treated with the forgings they r
33、epresent, or from a representative forging after heat treatment in accordance with4.3.6.4.1.1 Test specimens representing vessel bodies or shells for properties other than bending properties shall be located at aposition corresponding to the mid-wall location of the parallel side wall of the heat-tr
34、eated forging and shall be oriented parallelto the longitudinal axis of the vessel.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElements Composition, %Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade DCarbon 0.30 max 0.35 max 0.48 max 0.400.50Manganese 1.00 max 1.35 max 1.65 max 1.401.80Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, m
35、ax 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium Molybdenum 0.170.27Grade EClasses55, 65, 70Grade FClasses55, 65, 70Grade GClasses55, 65, 70Grade HClasses55, 65, 70Grade JClasses 55,65, 70, 110Carbon 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.250.35 0.300.40 0.350.50Manganese 0.400.90 0
36、.701.00 0.701.00 0.751.05 0.751.05Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.150.35Nickel Chromium 0.801.15 0.801.15 0.400.65 0.400.65 0.801.15Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25 0.150.25Grade K Grade
37、LGrade MClasses 85and 100Carbon 0.18 max 0.380.43 0.23 maxManganese 0.100.40 0.600.80 0.200.40Phosphorus, 0.015 0.015 0.015maxSulfur, max 0.010 0.010 0.010Silicon 0.150.35 0.150.35 0.30 maxNickel 2.03.3 1.652.00 2.83.9Chromium 1.001.80 0.700.90 1.502.00Molybdenum 0.200.60 0.200.30 0.400.60Vanadium 0
38、.08 maxA372/A372M 1336.4.1.2 Atest ring shall be in the shape of a right circular cylinder having the same diameter and wall thickness as the cylindersit represents. In addition, the test ring shall be from the same heat of steel and be subjected to the same heat treatment as thecylinders it represe
39、nts. The method of quenching the test ring must duplicate that of the cylinders; if the cylinders are quenchedfrom the outside only, then the test ring must have its ends closed. The length of test rings that will be liquid quenched must beat least 24 in. 610 mm. The ends of such test rings may be v
40、ented to prevent pressure buildup during heat treating.TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsTypeTensile Strength,ksi MPaYieldStrength(0.2 % Offset),ksi MPa, minElongationin 2 in.50 mm,min, %Hardness,HB, minAGrade A 6085 415585 35 240 20 121Grade B 75100 515690 45 310 18 156Grade C 90115 620795 55 380 15 1
41、87Grade D 105130 725895 65 450 15 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 55)85110 545760 55 380 20 179Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 65)105130 725895 65 450 19 217Grades E, F, G,H, J (Class 70)120145 8251000 70 485 18 248Grade J(Class 90)120145 8251000 90 620 18 248Grade J(Class 110)135160 9301100 110 760 15 277
42、Grade K 100125 690860 80 550 20 207Grade L 155180 10701240 135 930 12 311Grade M(Class 85)105130 725895 85 585 18 217Grade M(Class 100)120145 8251000 100 690 16 248A When required by 6.6.TABLE 3 Distance Between Plates for Flattening TestsAType Distance Between PlatesGrade A 0.50 DGrade B 0.6 DGrade
43、 C 0.65 DGrade D 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 0.7 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 0.8 DGrades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70) andGrade J (Class 90) 0.8 DGrade J (Class 110) 0.9 DGrade K 0.8 DGrade L 0.9 DGrade M (Class 85) 0.7 DGrade M (Class 100) 0.8 DA D = outside diameter.TABLE 4 Maximum Pin Di
44、ameters and Minimum Angle for BendTestType Pin Diameter Angle, degGrade A 2T 180Grade B 2T 180Grade C 3T 180Grade D 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 55) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 65) 4T 150Grades E, F, G, H, J (Class 70)and Grade J (Class 90) 4T 150Grade J (Class 110) 6T 150Grade K 4T 150Gr
45、ade L 6T 150Grade M (Class 85) 4T 150Grade M (Class 100) 4T 150A372/A372M 1346.4.2 Test specimens representing vessel covers or similar components may be taken from a full section prolongation of thecover, from a representative forging, or from an integral prolongation when the part is contour-machi
46、ned prior to heat treatment.6.4.2.1 Test specimens taken from full size prolongations or representative forgings shall be located at a position midwaybetween the center and the surface.6.4.2.2 When forgings are contour-machined prior to heat treatment so that highly stressed surfaces are exposed, th
47、e testspecimens may be taken at an equal distance (t) from the nearest quenched surface as the highly stressed area, but not less than34 in. 20 mm. The location of the specimens from a second surface shall be at least the greater of 112 in. 40 mm or 2t.6.5 Number of Tests:6.5.1 Up to 200 like forgin
48、gs, each with a heat-treated weight of less than 1000 lb 510 kg when heat treated in a single batchfurnace charge, shall have one tension test taken in accordance with 6.4.1 or 6.4.2 to represent each heat. In addition, for hollowor bored forgings, one bend or flattening test shall be taken in accor
49、dance with 6.3.6.5.2 Like forgings, weighing less than 1000 lb 450 kg each when heat treated in a continuous furnace, shall have one tensiletest taken to represent each heat and not more than 200 forgings in any continuous period up to 4 h duration. In addition, boredor hollow forgings shall have one bend or flattening test taken per heat per 200 forgings in any continuou
