1、Designation: A414/A414M 10A414/A414M 13Standard Specification forSteel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy forPressure Vessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A414/A414M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers hot-rolled carbon steel sheet for pressure vessels involving
3、fusion welding or brazing. Weldingand brazing technique is of fundamental importance and shall be in accordance with commercial practices.1.2 The following grades are included in this specification:Mechanical RequirementsGrade Yield Strength, min Tensile Strength, minksi MPa ksi MPaABCDEFGH253033353
4、842454517020523024026029031031045505560657075753103453804154504855155151.3 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet is generally furnished in cut lengths and to decimal thickness only. Coils may be furnished,provided tension test specimens are taken to represent the middle of the slab as required by 6.1.3. The
5、 purchaser should recognizethis may require cutting the coils to obtain test samples and results in half-size coils. The sheet is furnished to the following sizelimits:Width, in. mmThickness, in. mm Over 12 Over 3000.270 to 0.230 7.0 to 6.0 sheet (coils only)Under 0.230 to 0.057 6.0 to 1.5 sheet1.4
6、The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI unitsare shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from th
7、e two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.5 Tolerances are found in General Requirements Specifications A568/A568M and A635/A635M. The appropriate GeneralRequirements specification is applied based on the thickness and width of the product ordered.2. Referenced Documents2.1
8、 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA568/A568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Structural, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,General Requirements for1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A
9、01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.19on Steel Sheet and Strip.Current edition approved April 1, 2010May 1, 2013. Published April 2010July 2013. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 asA414/A414M 09.A41
10、4/A414M 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0414_A0414M-10.10.1520/A0414_A0414M-13.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-414 in Section 11 of that Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
11、. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit m
12、ay not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at t
13、he end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1A635/A635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Hot-Rolled, Alloy, Carbon, Structural,High-Strength Low-Alloy, and High-Strength Low-Al
14、loy with Improved Formability, General Requirements forA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standa
15、rd:3.2.1 lot, nall coils of one thickness and width combination from one heat and one rolling on the hot mill, up to 100 tons 90tonnes total mass.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information, as required, to describe the materialadeq
16、uately:4.1.1 Designation or specification number, date of issue, and grade,4.1.1.1 Grade H may be substituted for Grade G upon agreement between the purchaser and producer,4.1.2 Copper bearing steel, when required,4.1.3 Special requirements, if required,4.1.3.1 Charpy impact properties may be specif
17、ied for Grade H at the time of order,4.1.3.2 Strength levels at other than room temperature may be specified for Grade H at the time of order,4.1.4 Conditionpickled (or blast cleaned), if required (material so ordered will be oiled unless ordered dry), and4.1.5 Dimensions, including type of edges.4.
18、1.5.1 When the purchaser requires thickness tolerances for 38 in. 10 mm minimum edge distance (see SupplementaryRequirement in Specifications A568/A568M or A635/A635M, as applicable), this requirement shall be specified in the purchaseorder or contract.NOTE 1Not all producers are capable of meeting
19、all of the limitations of the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A568/A568M or SpecificationA635/A635M. The purchaser should contact the producer regarding possible limitations prior to placing an order.4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis, or test report request, or both, if required.NOTE 2A typica
20、l ordering description is as follows: “ASTM A414, Grade A, Hot-Rolled Sheet, 0.100 in. 2.54 mm by 36 in. 914.4 mm by 96in. 2438 mm, cut edges.”5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Cast or Heat AnalysisThe analysis of the steel shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.5.1.1 Each of the elements
21、 listed in Table 2 shall be included in the report of the heat analysis. When the amount of an elementpresent is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as “0.02 %.”TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements% Heat Analysis, Element Maximum Unless Otherwise ShownGrade C MnA P S AlB SiB CuC,D NiD CrD, E MoD
22、, E VF CbF TiG N BA 0.15 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .B 0.22 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .C 0.25 0.90 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .D 0.25 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.0
23、20.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .E 0.27 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .F 0.31 1.20 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.025 . . . . . .G 0.31 1.35 0.035 0.035 0.020.08 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.02
24、5 . . . . . .HA, H 0.14 1.25 0.020 0.015 0.020.08 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.05min0.005/0.050.005min0.009 . . .A For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum wll be permitted up to a maximumof 1.50 %.B The steel shall be
25、 considered aluminum-silicon killed when the silicon is between 0.15 % and 0.30 %, otherwise it shall be considered aluminum killed.C When copper is specified, a minimum of 0.20 % is required. When copper is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.D The sum of copper, nickel, chromi
26、um, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum doesnot apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.E The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analys
27、is. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does not apply, in whichcase, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.F By agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or colubium or both, may be increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 % respectively.G T
28、itanium is permitted for Grades A through G, at the producers option, to the lesser of 3.4N + 1.5S or 0.025 %.H Grade H contains the strengthening elements columbium (niobium), vanadium, titanium and molybdenum added singly or in combination. The minimum requirementsonly apply to the microalloy elem
29、ents selected for strengthening of the steel.A414/A414M 1325.2 Product, Check, or Verification AnalysisAnalyses may be made by the purchaser from finished material representing eachheat.5.3 DeoxidationFor all grades, killed steel is required. See Table 1 and footnote B.6. Mechanical Property Require
30、ments6.1 Tensile Strength:6.1.1 RequirementsMaterial as represented by the test specimen shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in Table3. One coil per lot shall have test specimens taken from locations representing the front end, middle, and back end of the coil. Ifall tensile results
31、conform to the requirements, other coils of that lot may be tested only at the middle position.6.1.2 Location and Orientation (see Fig. 1):6.1.2.1 Tensile test samples shall be taken from the full thickness of the sheet as rolled.6.1.2.2 Tensile test specimens shall be taken from a location approxim
32、ately halfway between the center of the sheet and the edgeof the material as-rolled.6.1.2.3 Tensile test specimens shall be taken with the axis of the test specimen perpendicular to the rolling direction (transversetest).6.1.3 Test MethodYield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2 % offset
33、method or by the 0.5 % extension under loadmethod, unless otherwise specified per Test Method A370.6.2 Impact Properties:6.2.1 RequirementsAt the time of order, Charpy impact properties may be specified by the purchaser for Grade H only.6.2.1.1 Impact energy minimums and testing temperatures shall b
34、e agreed upon between the producer and the purchaser.TABLE 2 Limits on Unspecified Elements (See 5.1.1)Copper, max %A Heat analysis 0.40Product analysis 0.43Nickel, max %A Heat analysis 0.40Product analysis 0.43Chromium, max %A,B Heat analysis 0.30Product analysis 0.34Molybdenum, max %A,B Heat analy
35、sis 0.12Product analysis 0.13Vanadium, max %C Heat analysis 0.03Product analysis 0.04Columbium, max %C Heat analysis 0.02Product analysis 0.03A The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 %on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum doesn
36、ot apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecifiedelements will apply.B The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heatanalysis. When one or more of these elements are specified, the sum does notapply, in which case, only the individual limits on the
37、remaining unspecifiedelements will apply.C By agreement, the heat analysis limits for vanadium or columbium, or both, maybe increased up to 0.10 % and 0.05 %, respectively.TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsDesignation Yield StrengthA Tensile Strength Elongation in 2 in.50 mm min. % for ThicknessElongation
38、in 8 in. 200mm,min. %Minimum Maximum Under 0.270 in.7.0 mmto 0.145 in.3.8 mmUnder 0.145 in.3.8 mmto 0.089 in.2.2 mmUnder 0.089 in.2.2 mmto 0.057 in.1.5 mmksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa - - - -Grade A 25 170 45 310 60 415 26 24 23 20Grade B 30 205 50 345 65 450 24 22 21 18Grade C 33 230 55 380 70 485 22 20
39、19 16Grade D 35 240 60 415 75 515 20 18 17 14Grade E 38 260 65 450 85 585 18 16 15 12Grade F 42 290 70 485 90 620 16 14 13 10Grade G 45 310 75 515 95 655 16 14 13 10Grade H 45 310 75 515 90 620 25 24 23 20A Yield strength determined by the 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load methods.A414/A414
40、M 1336.2.2 Number of TestsThree samples taken in the transverse direction shall be taken at mid-length (middle) of each coil to becertified.6.2.3 Testing shall be in accordance with Test Method A370.7. General Requirements for Delivery7.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to
41、the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A568/A568M or Specification A635/A635M unless otherwise provided herein.8. Workmanship8.1 The material shall be free from injurious defects (see Specifications A568/A568M or A635/A635M, as appropriate due tothickness).9. Finish and A
42、ppearance9.1 Surface Finish:9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be furnished without removing the hot-rolled oxide or scale.9.1.2 When required, the material may be specified to be pickled or blast cleaned.9.2 Oiling:9.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the material shall be furnished
43、not oiled.9.2.2 When specified to be pickled or blast cleaned, the material shall be furnished oiled. When required, pickled orblast-cleaned material may be specified to be furnished dry.9.3 EdgesUnless otherwise specified, mill edges shall be furnished on material that has not had the hot-rolled ox
44、ide or scaleremoved and cut edges shall be furnished on material that has had the hot-rolled oxide or scale removed.10. Certification and Reports10.1 The manufacturer or processor shall furnish copies of a test report showing the results of the heat analysis and mechanicalproperty tests made to dete
45、rmine compliance with this specification.10.2 The report shall include the purchase order number, the specification number and year date, product designation, grade,the heat number, and heat analysis and mechanical properties as indicated by the tension test.10.2.1 All the mechanical properties from
46、 the coil used to qualify the lot and the middle test from the particular coil shall bereported along with the coil identification for that coil. If the source of the material is the coil used to qualify the lot, the middletest shall be reported as the second middle test on the report. The test repo
47、rt shall contain the results of four tensile tests and allmust meet the requirements tensile requirements table.10.3 Asignature is not required on the test report. However, the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting thereport. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the orga
48、nization submitting the report is responsible for the content of thereport.10.4 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or similar document printed from or used in electronic form from anelectronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a coun
49、terpart printed in theFIG. 1 Location of Test SpecimensA414/A414M 134certifiers facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard andthe purchaser and supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI transmission isresponsible for the content of the report.11. Product Marking11.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, heat and slab number, specification designatio
