1、Designation: A961/A961M 16A961/A961M 16aStandard Specification forCommon Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings,Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A961/A961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof ori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a group of common requirements that
3、 shall apply to steel flanges, forged fittings, valves, and partsfor piping applications under any of the following individual product specifications:Title of Specification ASTM DesignationForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A105/A105MForgings, Carbon Steel, for General-Purpose Piping A181
4、/A181MForged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged A182/A182MFittings, and Valves and Parts for High TemperatureServiceForgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel, Requiring Notch A350/A350MToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsForged or Rolled 8 and 9 % Nickel Alloy A522/A522MSteel Flanges, Fittings
5、, Valves, and Partsfor Low-Temperature ServiceForgings, Carbon and Alloy Steel, for Pipe Flanges, A694/A694MFittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceFlanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for Low A707/A707MTemperature ServiceForgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with
6、 A727/A727MInherent Notch ToughnessForgings, Titanium-Stabilized Carbon Steel, for A836/A836MGlass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel Service1.2 In case of conflict between a requirement of the individual product specification and a requirement of this generalrequirement specification, the requirement
7、s of the individual product specification shall prevail over those of this specification.1.3 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, additional requirements may be specified (see Section 4.1.2).The acceptance of any such additional requirements shall be dependent on negotiations
8、with the supplier and must be included inthe order as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and thetables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each sy
9、stem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.The inch-pound units shall apply, unless the “M” designation (SI) of the product specification is specified in the
10、order.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A105/A105M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping ApplicationsA181/A181M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings, for General-Purpose PipingA182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittin
11、gs, and Valves and Partsfor High-Temperature ServiceA275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22on Steel F
12、orgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved June 1, 2016Dec. 1, 2016. Published June 2016December 2016. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asA961/A961M 15.A961/A96
13、1M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0961_A0961M-16.10.1520/A0961_A0961M-16A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
14、This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edi
15、tions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295
16、9. United States1A350/A350M Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for PipingComponentsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA522/A522M Specification for Forged or Rolled 8 and 9% Nickel Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittin
17、gs, Valves, and Parts forLow-Temperature ServiceA694/A694M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High-PressureTransmission ServiceA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA707/A707M Specificati
18、on for Forged Carbon and Alloy Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature ServiceA727/A727M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent Notch ToughnessA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA836/A836M Specification for Titanium-Sta
19、bilized Carbon Steel Forgings for Glass-Lined Piping and Pressure Vessel ServiceA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA967A967/A967M Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel PartsA991/A991M Test Method for Conducting Temperat
20、ure Uniformity Surveys of Furnaces Used to Heat Treat Steel ProductsA1058 Test Methods for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsMetricB880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and Cobalt AlloysE165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant
21、Examination for General IndustryE381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and ForgingsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingE1916 Guide for Identification of Mixed Lots of Metals2.2 ASME Standard:3ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection IX2.3 Manufacturers Standardization S
22、ociety Standard:4SP 25 Standard Marking System of Valves, Fittings, Flanges and Unions3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bar, na solid rolled or forged section that
23、 is long in relationship to its cross sectional dimensions, with a relativelyconstant cross section throughout its length and a wrought microstructure.3.2.2 certifying organization, nthe company or association responsible for the conformance of, the marking of, and thecertification of the product to
24、 the specification requirements.3.2.3 fitting, na component for non-bolted joints in piping systems.3.2.4 flange, na component for bolted joints used in piping systems.3.2.5 forging, nthe product of a substantially compressive hot or cold plastic working operation that consolidates the materialand p
25、roduces the required shape.3.2.5.1 DiscussionThe plastic working must be performed by a forging machine, such as a hammer, press, or ring rolling machine, and must deformthe material to produce a wrought structure throughout the material cross section.3.2.6 seamless tubing, na tubular product made w
26、ithout a welded seam.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIt is manufactured usually by hot working the material, and if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot worked tubularproduct to produce the desired shape, dimensions and properties.4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to spec
27、ify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase the neededmaterial. Examples of such information include, but are not limited to, the following:3 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 1001
28、6-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4 Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http:/www.mss-.A961/A961M 16a24.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Size and pressure class or dimensions, (tolerances and surface finishes should be in
29、cluded),4.1.3 Specification number with grade or class, or both, as applicable, and year/date,4.1.4 Choice of testing track from the options listed in Test Methods A1058 when material is ordered to an M suffix (SI units)product standard. If the choice of test track is not specified in the order, the
30、n the defaultASTM track shall be used as noted in TestMethods A1058,4.1.5 Supplementary requirements, and4.1.6 Additional requirements.5. Melting Process5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual Product Specification, the steel shall be fully killed.5.2 If a specific type of melting is requir
31、ed by the purchaser, it shall be stated on the purchase order.5.3 The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting, such aselectroslag remelting or vacuum remelting. If secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the i
32、ngot remeltedfrom a single primary heat.5.4 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When steel of different grades is sequentially strand cast, identificationof the resultant transition material is required. The steel producer shall remove the transition material by an established procedu
33、rethat positively separates the grades.5.5 A sufficient discard shall be made from the source material to secure freedom from injurious porosity and shrinkage, andundue segregation.6. Manufacture6.1 The finished part shall be manufactured from a forging that is as close as practicable to the finishe
34、d size or shape.Alternativestarting materials may be used, but with the following exceptions and requirements.6.1.1 BarFlanges, elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts up to, and including, NPS 4 can be machined from b
35、ar provided that the axial length of the part isapproximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.6.1.2 Wrought Seamless Pipe and TubingFlanges shall not be machined directly from seamless pipe or tubing. Other hollowcylindrical shaped parts can be machined from seamless pipe and
36、tubing provided that the axial length of the part is approximatelyparallel to the metal flow lines of the starting stock.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Material requiring heat treatment shall be treated as specified in the individual product specification using the followingprocedures that are defined in more
37、 detail in Terminology A941.7.1.1 Full AnnealingMaterial shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range and, after holdingfor a sufficient time at this temperature, cooled slowly to a temperature below the transformation range.7.1.2 Solution AnnealingAnnealing (or Soluti
38、on Treat or Treatment)Material shall be heated to a temperature that causesthe chrome carbides to go into solution, and then, quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means to preventreprecipitation.re-precipitation.7.1.3 Isothermal AnnealingIsothermal annealing shall consist of austenitizing a
39、ferrous alloy, and then, cooling to and holdingwithin the range of temperature at which the austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.7.1.4 NormalizingMaterial shall be uniformly reheated to a temperature above the transformation range, and subsequently,cooled in air at roo
40、m temperature.7.1.5 Tempering and Post-Weld Heat TreatmentMaterial shall be reheated to the prescribed temperature below thetransformation range, held at temperature for the greater of 30 min or 1 h/in. 25.4 mm of thickness at the thickest section andcooled in still air.7.1.6 Stress RelievingMateria
41、l shall be uniformly heated to the selected stress relieving temperature. temperature, held longenough to reduce stresses and then cooled at a rate that will result in the properties required for the material grade and minimizethe development of new residual stresses. The temperature shall not vary
42、from the selected temperature by more than 625 F 614C.7.1.7 Quench and TemperMaterial shall be fully austenitized and quenched immediately in a suitable liquid medium. Thequenched fittings shall be reheated to a minimum temperature of 1100 F 590 C and cooled in still air.7.1.8 Same Heat Treat CycleH
43、eat treat loads at the same temperature, equivalent soak times as appropriate for the maximumsection size on the respective load and equivalent cooling methods.A961/A961M 16a38. Chemical Requirements8.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis and methods of analysis shall be in accordance wit
44、h Test Methods,Practices, and Terminology A751.8.2 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the steel manufacturer to determine the percentages ofthose elements specified in the individual product specification. If secondary melting processes are employed, the heat analysissha
45、ll be obtained from one remelted ingot, or the product of one remelted ingot, from each primary melt. The chemical analysisthus determined shall conform to the requirements of the individual product specification. Note that the product analysis (checkanalysis) tolerances are not to be applied to the
46、 Heat Analysis requirements.8.3 Product AnalysisIf a product analysis is performed it shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751. Samples for analysis shall be taken from midway between center and surface of solid parts, midway betweeninner and outer surfaces of hollow
47、parts, midway between center and surface of full-size prolongations or from broken mechanicaltest specimens. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the limits of the product specification, within thepermissible variations of Table 1 or Table 2 of this specification, as appropriate
48、 for the grade being supplied.9. Mechanical Requirements9.1 Method of Mechanical TestsAll tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370 if theinch-pound units are specified or Test Methods A1058 if the M suffix (SI units) is specified.9.2 For the purpose of determinin
49、g conformance to the product specification requirements, specimens shall be obtained fromthe production forgings, or from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished product. In eithercase, mechanical test specimens shall not be removed until after all heat treatment is complete. If repair welding is performed, testspecimens shall not be removed until after post-weld heat treatment is complete, unless permitted by the product specification. Thelocations from which test specimens are removed shall
