1、Designation: B227 15Standard Specification forHard-Drawn Copper-Clad Steel Wire1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers bare hard-drawn round copper-clad steel wire for electrical purposes (Note 1).NOTE 1Wire ordered to this specification is not
3、 intended for redraw-ing. If wire is desired for this purpose, consult the manufacturer.1.2 Four grades of wire are specified, designated as follows(Note 2): Grade 40 HS, Grade 40 EHS, Grade 30 HS, andGrade 30 EHS.NOTE 2The grades covered by this specification correspond to thefollowing commercial d
4、esignations:Grade 40 HS, High Strength, 40 % Conductivity.Grade 40 EHS, Extra High Strength, 40 % ConductivityGrade 30 HS, High Strength, 30 % Conductivity.Grade 30 EHS, Extra High Strength, 30 % Conductivity.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given i
5、n parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein.2.2 ASTM
6、Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB258 Specification for Nominal Diameters and Cross-SectionalAreas ofAWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Usedas Electrical Conductors2.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology:NBS Handbook 100Copper Wire Tables33. Ordering
7、 Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:3.1.1 Quantity of each size and grade,3.1.2 Wire size: diameter in inches (see 5.1 and Table 1),3.1.3 Grade (see 1.2 and Table 1),3.1.4 Method of measuring elongation (see 7.3 and 7.4),3.1.5 Package s
8、ize (see 14.1),3.1.6 Special package marking, if required (Section 13), and3.1.7 Place of inspection (Section 15).4. Material4.1 The wire shall be composed of a steel core with asubstantially uniform and continuous copper cladding thor-oughly bonded to it throughout.4.2 The finished copper-clad stee
9、l wire shall conform to therequirements prescribed in this specification.5. Dimensions and Permissible Variations5.1 The size shall be expressed as the diameter of the wirein decimal fractions of an inch using four places of decimals,that is, in tenths of mils (Note 3).NOTE 3The values of wire diame
10、ters in Table 1 are given to thenearest 0.0001 in. and correspond to the standard sizes given in Specifi-cation B258. In specifying diameters of wire or in inspecting wire, expressthe diameter to the fourth decimal place. The diameters preceded byasterisks are not in the American Wire Gage series an
11、d are also given tofour places of decimals. They correspond to certain numbers of theBirmingham Wire Gage of the British Standard Wire Gage and are usedfor communication lines. The use of gage numbers in specifying wire sizesis not recognized in these specifications because of the possibility ofconf
12、usion. An excellent discussion of wire gages and related subjects iscontained in NBS Handbook 100of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology.35.2 Within the range of diameters included in Table 1, thewire shall not vary from the specified diameter by more thanthe following amounts rounded o
13、ff to the nearest 0.1 mil(0.0001 in.):Specified Diameter,in. (mm)Permissible Variations in SpecifiedDiameter0.2043 (5.189) to 0.1000 (2.540), incl 1.5 %0.0999 (2.537) and under 1.0 %5.3 Ten percent, but not less than five coils or spools (or allif the lot is less than five) from any lot of wire, sha
14、ll be gaged1This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 onComposite Conductors.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition ap
15、proved in 2004 as B227 10. DOI:10.1520/B0227-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fr
16、om National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1at three places. If accessible, one gaging shall be ta
17、ken neareach end and one near the middle. If any of the selected coilsor spools fail to conform to the requirements for diameter asprescribed in 5.2, all coils or spools shall be gaged in themanner specified.6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance6.1 The surface of the wire shall be smooth and free f
18、romimperfections not consistent with good commercial practice.7. Tensile Properties7.1 The wire shall conform to the tensile requirementsprescribed in Table 1 (Note 4).NOTE 4The approximate properties of hard-drawn copper-clad steelwire are shown in Table 2 for the information of the user of thisspe
19、cification.7.2 Wire whose nominal diameter is more than 0.001 in. (1mil) (0.03 mm) greater than a size listed in Table 1 shallconform to the tensile requirements of the next larger size.7.3 Tension tests shall be made on representative samples.Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer an
20、dthe purchaser, the elongation shall be determined by measure-ments made between the jaws of the testing machine. The zerolength shall be the distance between the jaws when a load equalto 10 % of the specified tensile strength shall have beenTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsNominalDiameterArea at 20C Ten
21、sile Strength, min, psi (MPa)Ain. (mm)cmil in.2(mm2)AGrade 40HSGrade 40EHSGrade 30HSGrade 30EHS0.2043 (5.189) 41 740 0.03278 (21.15) 108 000 (745) . . . 120 000 (828) 142 500 (983)0.1819 (4.620) 33 090 0.02599 (16.77) 113 000 (780) . . . 125 000 (863) 150 500 (1038)0.1650 (4.191)B27 230 0.02138 (13.
22、79) 118 000 (814) . . . 130 000 (897) 157 500 (1087)0.1620 (4.115) 26 240 0.02061 (13.30) 118 000 (814) . . . 130 000 (897) 157 500 (1087)0.1443 (3.665) 20 820 0.01635 (10.55) 123 000 (849) . . . 135 000 (932) 164 000 (1132)0.1285 (3.264) 16 510 0.01297 (8.368) 128 000 (883) . . . 140 000 (966) 170
23、000 (1173)0.1280 (3.251)B16 380 0.01287 (8.303) 128 000 (883) . . . 140 000 (966) 170 000 (1173)0.1144 (2.906) 13 090 0.01028 (6.632) 133 000 (918) . . . 145 000 (1001) 174 100 (1201)0.1040 (2.642)B10 820 0.008495 (5.481) 138 600 (956) 156 000 (1076) 151 000 (1042) 175 000 (1208)0.1019 (2.588) 10 38
24、0 0.008155 (5.261) 138 600 (956) . . . 151 000 (1042) 179 000 (1235)0.0808 (2.052) 6 530 0.005129 (3.309) 115 000 (794) . . . 120 000 (828) 179 000 (1235)0.0800 (2.032)B6 400 0.005027 (3.243) 115 000 (794) . . . 120 000 (828) 179 000 (1235)0.0640 (1.626)B4 096 0.003217 (2.076) 125 000 (863) . . . 13
25、0 000 (897) 179 000 (1235)0.0403 (1.024) 1 624 0.001276 (0.8232) 130 000 (897) . . . 135 000 (932) 179 000 (1235)0.0390 (0.9906)B1 521 0.001195 (0.7710) 130 000 (897) . . . 135 000 (932) 179 000 (1235)0.0320 (0.8128) 1 024 0.000804 (0.5187) 135 000 (932) 161 000 (1111) 145 000 (1001) 179 000 (1235)A
26、Metric equivalents: 1 in. = 25.4 mm (round to four significant figures); 1 in.2= 645.16 mm2(round to four significant figures); 1 psi = 6.9 kPa (round to significant figureof U.S. customary units).BThese diameters are often employed by purchasers for communication lines but are not in theAmerican Wi
27、re Gage (B 1 lb/1000 ft = 1.48816 kg/km (round to four significant figures).B227 152applied, and the final length shall be the distance between thejaws at the time of rupture. The zero length shall be as near 10in. (250 mm) as possible. The fracture shall be between thejaws of the testing machine an
28、d not closer than 1 in. (25.4 mm)to either jaw. The elongation as thus determined shall be notless than 1.0 %.7.4 When agreed upon by the manufacturer and thepurchaser, measure the elongation by means of an extensom-eter suitable for measuring elongation in 10 in. (250 mm) andhaving a vernier readin
29、g to 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) attached to thetest specimen at a tension load of approximately 10 % of ratedstrength. The elongation, as thus determined, shall be not lessthan 1.5 %. Tests in which the extensometer reading is less than1.5 %, but in which the fracture does not occur between thetwo attachmen
30、ts of the extensometer to the specimen, shall bedisregarded.7.5 RetestsIf upon testing a sample from any coil or spoolof wire, the results do not conform to the tensile requirementsprescribed in Table 1 and the elongation requirements of 7.4,two additional samples shall be tested, and the average of
31、 thethree tests shall determine the acceptance or rejection of thecoil or spool.8. Twist Test8.1 The wire shall withstand, without fracture, not less than20 twists in a length equivalent to 100 times the nominaldiameter of the specimen. In the twist test, the rate of applyingthe twists shall be appr
32、oximately 15/min.8.2 Specimens shall be twisted to destruction and shall notreveal under test any seams, pits, slivers, or surface imperfec-tions of sufficient magnitude to indicate inherent defects orimperfections in the wire. Examination of the wire at the breakshall show no separation of copper f
33、rom the steel.9. Resistance9.1 The electrical resistance of the wire (Note 5) shall bedetermined by resistance measurements and maximum resis-tance shall be based on the minimum diameter of the wire andthe following resistivity values:Resistivity at 20C cmil/ft40 HS and 40 EHS 26.4530 HS and 30 EHS
34、35.26NOTE 5Electrical resistance is calculated by the following equation:maximum resistance ohms/ft! 5resistivity, ohmcircular mil/ftminimum diameter, mils!2(1)9.2 The maximum resistance values are given in Table 3.9.3 When resistance measurements are made at tempera-tures other than 20C, correction
35、s shall be based on a tempera-ture coefficient of resistance of 0.0038/C.9.4 Tests to determine conformance to the electrical resis-tance requirements of Table 3 shall be made in accordance withTest Method B193.10. Thickness of Copper10.1 The thickness of copper on the wire shall be not lessthan the
36、 following:10.1.1 The 30 % conductivity wire shall have a minimumthickness of not less than 6 % of the wire radius.10.1.2 The 40 % conductivity wire shall have a minimumthickness of not less than 10 % of the wire radius.11. Joints11.1 Necessary joints in the wire and rods prior to finaldrawing shall
37、 be made in accordance with good commercialpractice. The finished wire shall contain no joints or splicesmade at finished size.12. Density12.1 For the purpose of calculating mass/unit length, crosssections, and so forth, the density of Grade 30 wire shall betaken as 0.2944 lb/in.3(8.15 g/cm3) at 20C
38、 and Grade 40 as0.2975 lb/in.3(8.24 g/cm3).13. Inspection13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-mance of all inspection and test requirements specified.13.2 All inspections and tests shall be made at the place ofmanufact
39、ure unless otherwise especially agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.13.3 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturers facilities nec-essary to ensure that the material is being furnished inaccordanc
40、e with this specification.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser showing that the material was manufactured,sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with this speci-fication and has been fou
41、nd to meet the requirements. WhenTABLE 3 Maximum Resistance ValuesNominalDiameterMaximum Resistance at 20C/1000 ftA(/km)in. (mm)Grades 40 HSand 40 EHSGrades 30 HSand 30 EHS0.2043 (5.189) 0.6532 (2.143) 0.8707 (2.857)0.1819 (4.620) 0.8239 (2.703) 1.098 (3.603)0.1650 (4.191) 1.001 (3.284) 1.335 (4.380
42、)0.1620 (4.115) 1.039 (3.409) 1.385 (4.544)0.1443 (3.665) 1.309 (4.295) 1.745 (5.725)0.1285 (3.264) 1.651 (5.417) 2.201 (7.221)0.1280 (3.251) 1.664 (5.460) 2.218 (7.277)0.1144 (2.906) 2.083 (6.834) 2.777 (9.111)0.1040 (2.642) 2.521 (8.271) 3.360 (11.02)0.1019 (2.588) 2.625 (8.613) 3.500 (11.48)0.080
43、8 (2.052) 4.134 (13.56) 5.511 (18.08)0.0800 (2.032) 4.217 (13.84) 5.622 (18.45)0.0640 (1.626) 6.589 (21.62) 8.784 (28.82)0.0403 (1.024) 16.62 (54.53) 22.15 (72.67)0.0390 (0.9906) 17.74 (58.21) 23.66 (77.63)0.0320 (0.8128) 26.36 (86.49) 35.14 (115.3)AMetric equivalents: 1 /1000 ft = 3.281 km (round o
44、ff to four significantfigures).B227 153specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Package sizes shall be agreed upon between the manu-facturer and the purchaser in the placing of individual purchaseorders.15.2 The
45、 wire shall be protected against damage in ordinaryhandling and shipping.15.3 Each coil shall bear a tag showing the manufacturersname or trademark, size, and class of material. If additionalinformation is to be required on the tags, it shall be arrangedwith the manufacturer at the time of purchase.
46、16. Keywords16.1 clad steel electrical conductor; copper electricalconductor-copper-clad steel; copper-clad steel electrical con-ductor; electrical conductor; hard drawn copper-clad steel wire;steel wire-copper-cladASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass
47、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b
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49、ive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (
