1、Designation: B 416 98 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forConcentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum-Clad Steel Conductors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 416; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers bare concentric-lay-strandedconductors made from bare, hard-drawn, round, aluminum-
3、clad steel wires of 20.3 % conductivity for general use ofelectrical purposes. This specification does not apply tostranded conductors for reinforcement in ACSR conductors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation
4、only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on dateof material purchase form a part of this specification to theextent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:2B 354 Terminology Relating to Uninsulated Metallic Elec-trical ConductorsB 415 Specification for Hard-Drawn
5、Aluminum-Clad SteelWire2.3 Other Documents:C8.1 Definitions and General Standards for Wires andCables3NBS Handbook 100Copper Wire Tables of the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology43. Description of Conductor3.1 The designation of the finished conductor shall beexpressed as the number of wi
6、res and the diameter of theseindividual wires, usually expressed as the AWG size of thewires.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information:4.1.1 Quantity of each size,4.1.2 Conductor size expressed as number and AWG size ofindividual w
7、ires (Section 3 and Table 1),4.1.3 Direction of lay of outer layer, if other than left-hand(see 6.3),4.1.4 Package size (see 15.1),4.1.5 Special package markings if required (see 15.3),4.1.6 Special lagging if required (see 15.2), and4.1.7 Place of inspection if other than place of manufacture(Secti
8、on 13).5. Joints5.1 Joints or splices may be made in the finished individualaluminum-clad steel wires composing concentric-lay strandedconductors using more than three wires, provided that suchjoints or splices have a protection and electrical conductanceequivalent to that of the wire itself and tha
9、t they do notdecrease the strength of the finished stranded conductor belowthe minimum breaking strength shown in Table 1. Such jointsor splices shall be not closer than 50 ft (15 m) to any other jointin the same layer in the conductor.NOTE 1Joints are made by electrical butt-welding. The ends must
10、becut and the end of each wire must be straightened for a distance of 12 to15 in. (300 to 380 mm). The proper sleeve is slipped over the end of oneof the wires. The wires are then butt-welded and dressed off to a finisheddiameter equal to that of the wire. The weld area is then tempered, thesleeve c
11、entered over the weld area and compressed to provide a finishedjoint that is smooth and neat in appearance. This joint has a tensile strengthof approximately 90 % of rated breaking strength of the wire, but anallowance is made for this in the rated strength of the conductor as awhole. The completed
12、conductor when containing such joints is requiredto have the full rated strength.6. Lay6.1 For 3-wire conductors, the preferred lay is 1612 timesthe outside diameter, but the lay shall not be less than 14 timesnor more than 20 times this diameter.6.2 For 7, 19, and 37-wire conductors, the preferred
13、lay is1312 times the diameter of that layer, but the lay shall not beless than 10 nor more than 16 times this diameter.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B01 onElectrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 onComposite Conductors.Current ed
14、ition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B 416 98 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070
16、, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 The direction of lay of the outer layer shall be left-handunless the direction of lay is specified otherwise by thepurchaser.6.4 Th
17、e direction of lay shall be reversed in consecutivelayers.6.5 All wires in the conductor shall lie naturally in their truepositions in the completed conductor. They shall tend to remainin position when the conductor is cut at any point and shallpermit restranding by hand after being forcibly unravel
18、ed at theend of the conductor.7. Strength of Conductor7.1 The breaking strength of the completed conductorscomposed of 7 wires, 19 wires, and 37 wires shall be taken as90 % of the sum of the breaking strengths of the aluminum-clad wires, calculated from their nominal diameter and theappropriate spec
19、ified minimum tensile strength given in Table1, Tensile Requirements, of Specification B 415 (20 % columnonly). The breaking strength of completed conductors com-posed of 3 wires shall be taken as 95 % of the sum of thebreaking strengths of the aluminum-clad wires calculated in thesame manner.8. Con
20、struction8.1 The number and diameter of the wires in the concentric-lay stranded conductors shall conform to the requirementsprescribed in Table 1.NOTE 2For definitions of terms relating to conductors, referenceshould be made to ANSI C8.1 and Terminology B 354.9. Physical and Electrical Tests9.1 Tes
21、ts for physical and electrical properties of wirescomposing concentric-lay stranded conductors made fromaluminum-clad steel wire shall be made before stranding.9.2 At the option of the purchaser, tension and elongationtests before stranding may be waived and the completeconductors may be tested as a
22、 unit. The breaking strength of theconductors so tested shall be not less than that required in Table1.9.3 Where breaking strength tests are required on thefinished conductor, they shall be made on representativesamples not less than 4 ft (1.25 m) in length. For lots of 10 000lb (4540 kg) or less, t
23、wo samples shall be taken from separatereels or coils in the lot except that but one sample shall berequired where the total amount of conductor is 5000 ft (1525m) or less. For quantities over 10 000 lb, one sample for each10 000 lb or fraction thereof, shall be taken, but the minimumnumber of sampl
24、es shall be three.9.4 Specimens of the completed conductor shall be tested ina tension testing machine equipped with jaws suitable forgripping the conductor or equipped for holding properlysocketed specimens. Any test in which the result is below thestated value, and which is obviously caused by imp
25、ropersocketing of the specimen or due to the break occurring in orat the gripping jaws of the machine, shall be disregarded andanother sample from the same coil or reel shall be tested.10. Density10.1 For the purpose of calculating mass per unit length (seeNote 4), cross-sections, etc., the density
26、of the aluminum-cladsteel wire shall be taken as 0.2381 lb/in.3(6.590 g/cm3) at 20C(Note 3). Other constants are given in Table 2.NOTE 3The value of the density of aluminum-clad steel wire is anaverage value which has been found to be in accordance with usual valuesencountered in practice.NOTE 4The
27、term mass per unit length is used in the specification asbeing more technically correct. It replaces the terms “weights” and “lineardensity”.11. Mass and Resistance11.1 The mass and electrical resistance of a stranded con-ductor are greater than the total of the same characteristics ofthe wires comp
28、osing the conductors, depending upon the lay orpitch. The standard increment of mass and resistance shall betaken as shown in Table 3.11.2 In cases where the lay is definitely known, the incre-ment may be calculated if desired.NOTE 5The increment of mass or electrical resistance of a completedconcen
29、tric-lay stranded conductor, K, in percent isTABLE 1 Construction Requirements and Breaking Strength ofConcentric-Lay Stranded Aluminum-Clad Steel ConductorsASizeDesignationBNumber and Diameter ofIndividual WiresConductorDiameter,in.CRatedBreakingStrengthmin, lbDNumberNominalDiameter,in.37 No. 5 AWG
30、 37 0.1819 1.27 142 80037 No. 6 AWG 37 0.1620 1.13 120 20037 No. 7 AWG 37 0.1443 1.01 100 70037 No. 8 AWG 37 0.1285 0.899 84 20037 No. 9 AWG 37 0.1144 0.801 66 77037 No. 10 AWG 37 0.1019 0.713 52 95019 No. 5 AWG 19 0.1819 0.910 73 35019 No. 6 AWG 19 0.1620 0.810 61 70019 No. 7 AWG 19 0.1443 0.721 51
31、 73019 No. 8 AWG 19 0.1285 0.642 43 24019 No. 9 AWG 19 0.1144 0.572 34 29019 No. 10 AWG 19 0.1019 0.509 27 1907 No. 5 AWG 7 0.1819 0.546 27 0307 No. 6 AWG 7 0.1620 0.486 22 7307 No. 7 AWG 7 0.1443 0.433 19 0607 No. 8 AWG 7 0.1285 0.385 15 9307 No. 9 AWG 7 0.1144 0.343 12 6307 No. 10 AWG 7 0.1019 0.3
32、06 10 0207 No. 11 AWG 7 0.0907 0.272 7 9457 No. 12 AWG 7 0.0808 0.242 6 3013 No. 5 AWG 3 0.1819 0.392 12 2303 No. 6 AWG 3 0.1620 0.349 10 2803 No. 7 AWG 3 0.1443 0.311 8 6213 No. 8 AWG 3 0.1285 0.277 7 2063 No. 9 AWG 3 0.1144 0.247 5 7153 No. 10 AWG 3 0.1019 0.220 4 532AFor metric equivalents: Diame
33、ter (mm)multiply diameter in inches by 25.4(round to 4 significant figures).Breaking Strength (kg)multiply breaking strength in pounds by 0.45359 (roundto 4 significant figures).BThe designation is a combination of the number of wires each of the AWG sizeindicated by“ No.”CDiameter of circumscribing
34、 circle. See Table 3 for complete table of properties.DSee Section 7.B 416 98 (2007)2K 5 100 m 2 1!where m is the stranding factor, and is also the ratio of the mass orelectrical resistance of a unit length of stranded conductor to that of a solidconductor of the same cross-sectional area or of a st
35、randed conductor withinfinite length of lay; that is, all wires parallel to the conductor axis. Thestranding factor m for the completed, stranded conductor is the numericalaverage of the stranding factors for each of the individual wires in theconductor, including the straight core wire, if any (for
36、 which the strandingfactor is unity). The stranding factor (mind) for any given wire in aconcentric-lay stranded conductor ismind5 =1 1 9.8696/n2!where n=length of lay/diameter of helical path of the wireThe derivation of the above is given in NBS Handbook 100.12. Requirements for Wires12.1 Before s
37、tranding, the aluminum-clad steel wires shallmeet all the requirements of Specification B 415 (20.3 %conductivity only).13. Inspection13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer shall be responsible for the perfor-mance of all inspection and test requirements s
38、pecified.13.2 All inspections and tests shall be made at the place ofmanufacture unless otherwise agreed to between the manufac-turer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.13.3 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-ing the purchaser all reasonable manufacturers facilities nec
39、-essary to ensure that the material is being furnished inaccordance with this specification.14. Rejection14.1 If the conductor fails in the first test to meet anyrequirement of this specification, two additional tests for theserequirements shall be made on samples of conductor from thesame coil or r
40、eel. If failure occurs in either of these tests, thelot of conductor shall be rejected. However, the lot may beTABLE 2 Approximate Properties of Concentric-Lay Stranded Aluminum-Clad Steel Conductors (for information only)ANo. and Sizeof WiresConductorDiameter,in.RatedBreakingStrength,min, lbMass pe
41、r Unit Length Resistanceat 20Cmax, V/1000 ftNominal Cross Sectionlb/1000 ft lb/mile cmils in.237 No. 5 AWG 1.27 142 800 2 802 14 800 0.04247 1 225 000 0.961937 No. 6 AWG 1.13 120 200 2 222 11 730 0.05356 971 300 0.762937 No. 7 AWG 1.01 100 700 1 762 9 305 0.06754 770 300 0.605037 No. 8 AWG 0.899 84
42、200 1 398 7 379 0.08516 610 900 0.479837 No. 9 AWG 0.801 66 770 1 108 5 852 0.1074 484 400 0.380537 No. 10 AWG 0.713 52 950 879.0 4 641 0.1354 384 200 0.301719 No. 5 AWG 0.910 73 350 1 430 7 552 0.08224 628 900 0.494019 No. 6 AWG 0.810 61 700 1 134 5 990 0.1037 498 800 0.391719 No. 7 AWG 0.721 51 73
43、0 899.5 4 750 0.1308 395 500 0.310719 No. 8 AWG 0.642 43 240 713.5 3 767 0.1649 313 700 0.246419 No. 9 AWG 0.572 34 290 565.8 2 987 0.2079 248 800 0.195419 No. 10 AWG 0.509 27 190 448.7 2 369 0.2622 197 300 0.15497 No. 5 AWG 0.546 27 030 524.9 2 772 0.2264 231 700 0.18207 No. 6 AWG 0.486 22 730 416.
44、3 2 198 0.2803 183 800 0.14437 No. 7 AWG 0.433 19 060 330.0 1 743 0.3535 145 700 0.11457 No. 8 AWG 0.385 15 930 261.8 1 382 0.4458 115 600 0.090777 No. 9 AWG 0.343 12 630 207.6 1 096 0.5621 91 650 0.071987 No. 10 AWG 0.306 10 020 164.7 869.4 0.7088 72 680 0.057087 No. 11 AWG 0.272 7 945 130.6 689.4
45、0.8938 57 590 0.045237 No. 12 AWG 0.242 6 301 103.6 546.8 1.127 45 710 0.035903 No. 5 AWG 0.392 12 230 224.5 1 186.0 0.5177 99 310 0.078003 No. 6 AWG 0.349 10 280 178.1 940.2 0.6528 78 750 0.061853 No. 7 AWG 0.311 8 621 141.2 745.6 0.8232 62 450 0.049053 No. 8 AWG 0.277 7 206 112.0 591.3 1.038 49 53
46、0 0.038903 No. 9 AWG 0.247 5 715 88.81 468.9 1.309 39 280 0.030853 No. 10 AWG 0.220 4 532 70.43 371.8 1.651 31 150 0.02446Coefficient of linear expansionFinal modulus of elasticityTemperature coefficient of resistance(0.0000072/F) (0.0000126/C)23 000 000 psi (160 GPa)(0.0020/F) (0.0036/C)AFor metric
47、 equivalents:Diameter (mm)multiply diameter in inches by 25.4 (round to 3 significant figures);Rated Breaking Strength (kg)multiply rated breaking strength in pounds by 0.45359 (round to 4 significant figures);Mass/Unit Length in kg/kmmultiply mass/unit length in pounds per 1000 feet by 1.48816 (rou
48、nd to 4 significant figures);Resistance (ohms/km)multiply resistance in ohms per 1000 feet by 3.281 (round to 4 significant figures);Nominal Cross Section (mm2)multiply cross section in square inches by 645.16 (round to 4 significant figures).TABLE 3 Standard Increments Due to StrandingType of Condu
49、ctorIncrement (Increase) ofResistance and Mass, %3-wire 0.87-wire 1.019-wire 1.437-wire 2.0B 416 98 (2007)3resubmitted for inspection by testing every coil or reel for therequirement in which the specimen failed and sorting out thedefective coils or reels.15. Packaging and Package Marking15.1 Lengths of conductor, reel sizes, or coils shall beagreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser at thetime of placing individual orders.15.2 When ordered on reels, the material shall be properlypackaged to prevent damage to the conductor in ordinaryhandling
