1、Designation: B823 09Standard Specification forMaterials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)Structural Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper basepowder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including thoseused in a
3、pplications where high electrical conductivity isrequired. It includes a classification system, or material desig-nation code. With the classification system, this specificationincludes chemical composition and minimum tensile yieldstrength.NOTE 1Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification
4、 by thedesignation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.NOTE 2Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used inapplications where high electrical conductivity is required.1.2 With the exception of density values, for which theg/cm3unit is the industry standard, the va
5、lues stated ininch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The statedSI values are converted in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10and are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB715 Specification for Sintered Copper Structural Parts
6、forElectrical Conductivity Applications3B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of PowderMetallurgy (PM) Test SpecimensB962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or SinteredPowder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using ArchimedesPrincipleB963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Ef-ficiency,
7、 and Interconnected Porosity of Sintered PowderMetallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes PrincipleE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:SI 10 American National
8、Standard for Use of the Interna-tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.3 MPIF Standard:MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM StructuralParts43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of powder metallurgy termscan be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptiveinformation i
9、s available in the Related Materials section of Vol02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Ordering Information4.1 Materials for parts covered by this specification shall beordered by materials designation code.4.2 Orders for parts under this specification may include thefollowing information:
10、4.2.1 Certification, if required (see Section 13),4.2.2 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.2.3 Chemical composition (see 6.1, 10.1, and Table 1),4.2.4 Test methods and mechanical properties (see 8.2 , 8.3,Table 2, and Table X1.1),4.2.5 Density (see 7.1 and Table 3),4.2.6 Porosity and oil content (see 7.3)
11、,4.2.7 Electrical properties (see 7.3 and Table Table X2.1),and4.2.8 Special packaging, if required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Structural parts shall be made by compacting andsintering metal powders. Parts may also be made by repressingand resintering sintered parts, if necessary, to produce fi
12、nishedparts in conformance with the requirements of this specifica-tion.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.05 on Structural Parts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Publ
13、ished February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as B823 01. DOI:10.1520/B0823-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
14、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd.East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http:/www.mpif.org.1*A Summary of Changes se
15、ction appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements providedin Table 1.6.2 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accorda
16、ncewith the methods prescribed in Vol 03.05 of the Annual Bookof ASTM Standards, or by any other approved method agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.NOTE 3Iron contamination should be avoided. Iron in solid solutionin copper has a deleterious effect on both electrical and thermal c
17、onduc-tivity. Iron not in solid solution (admixed) has a much lesser effect onconductivity. An example of the effect of iron on conductivity is shown inFig. X2.1.7. Physical Properties7.1 Density:7.1.1 High Electrical Conductivity Application:In applications where high electrical conductivity is re-
18、quired, if the density does not vary more than 0.3 g/cm3fromone section of the structural part to any other section, theoverall density shall fall within the limits prescribed in Table 3.If the density varies more than 0.3 g/cm3from one section ofthe part to another, the manufacturer and the purchas
19、er shallagree upon a critical section of the part where the stresses arehighest. The density of this critical section, rather than theaverage density, shall fall within the limits prescribed in Table3.7.1.2 Other Applications:The buyer and the seller may agree upon a minimum averagedensity for the p
20、art and minimum densities for specific regionsof the part. Typical density values may be found in Table X1.1.7.1.3 Density shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod B962.7.2 Porosity:7.2.1 The buyer and the seller may agree upon a minimumvolume oil content for parts that are to be self-lubri
21、cating. Theoil content shall be determined in accordance with TestMethods B963.7.2.2 The buyer and the seller may agree upon a functionaltest for porosity in parts that are to be self-lubricating, or forpermeability where fluid flow must be restricted.7.3 Electrical Conductivity:7.3.1 The manufactur
22、er and the purchaser shall agree onqualification tests to determine the electrical conductivity. Thetest shall be made on sample parts or specimens compacted toa given density using an apparatus based on the eddy-currentprinciple.7.3.1.1 Conductivity is determined with an instrument thatindicates th
23、e resistance of a material to the flow of eddycurrents. Prior to making the tests, the instrument is allowed towarm up for a period of time recommended by the manufac-turer. The instrument is adjusted using three standards ofknown conductivity supplied by the manufacturer. Test speci-mens shall be a
24、t the same temperature as the referencematerials used in adjusting the instrument. Several readings atdifferent locations are taken on each test specimen to obtain anaverage value.7.3.1.2 No specimen preparation is required providing thesurface is flat in the probe area.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
25、MaterialDesignationChemical Composition, %A,BCu Zn Pb Sn NiC-0000 99.8 min100 maxCZ-1000 88.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min91.0 Bal. . . . maxCZP-1002 88.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min91.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCZ-2000 77.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min80.0 Bal. . . . maxCZP-2002 77.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . m
26、in80.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCZ-3000 68.5 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min71.5 Bal. . . . maxCZP-3002 68.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min71.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCNZ-1818 62.5 Bal. . . . . . . 16.5 min65.5 Bal. . . . . . . 19.5 maxCNZP-1816 62.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . 16.5 min65.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . 19.5 maxCT-1000 8
27、7.5 Bal. . . . 9.5 . . . min90.5 Bal. . . . 10.5 . . . maxAOther elements: For the C-0000 material, the total by difference equals 0.2 %maximum; for all others, the total by difference equals 2.0% maximum; these mayinclude other minor elements added for specific purposes.BFor the purpose of determin
28、ing conformance with this specification, measuredvalues shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29TABLE 2 Minimum Yield Strength for Copper Base AlloysMaterial DesignationCod
29、eMinimum YieldStrength, 103psiAC-00005 5C-00007 7CZ-1000-9 9-10 10-11 11CZP-1002-7 7CZ-2000-11 11-12 12CZP-2002-11 11-12 12CZ-3000-14 14-16 16CZP-3002-13 13-14 14CNZ-1818-17 17CNZP-1816-13 13CT-1000-13 (repressed) 13AFor the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measuredvalues
30、shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29.TABLE 3 Density Requirements for High Electrical ConductivityApplicationsMaterial Designation Code Dry Density, g/cm3AC-00005 7.8 t
31、o 8.3C-00007 8.3 minAFor the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measuredvalues shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29.B823 0927.3.1.3 Electrical
32、conductivity values shall be reported inpercent IACS (International Annealed Copper Standards).NOTE 4Typical electrical conductivity values that may be expectedfrom special specimens compacted to size are given in Table X2.1.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 The minimum guaranteed tensile yield strength,
33、asshown in Table 2, is a numerical suffix to the materialdesignation code and is read as 103psi. The code is adoptedfrom MPIF Standard 35. All tensile yield strengths are definedas the 0.2 % offset yield strengths.8.2 The purchaser and manufacturer shall agree upon themethod to be used to verify the
34、 minimum strength character-istics of the finished parts. Since it is usually impossible tomachine tensile test specimens from these parts, alternativestrength tests are advisable. An example would be measuringthe force needed to break teeth off a gear with the gear properlyfixtured.8.3 The tensile
35、yield strength of the part may be measuredindirectly by testing flat unmachined tension test specimens asspecified in Practices B243, compacted from the same mixedpowder lot at the density of the critical region of the parts andthen processed along with the parts.8.4 Transverse rupture strength valu
36、es can also be related totensile yield strengths by correlation. While many nonferrousPM materials are technically too ductile for this simple beamtest, the test values are reproducible and useful.8.5 Typical mechanical property values may be found inTable X1.1.9. Permissible Variations in Dimension
37、9.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within thelimits specified on the drawings which describe the structuralparts that accompany the order, or variations shall be within thelimits specified in the order.10. Sampling10.1 Chemical AnalysisWhen requested on the purchaseorder, at least one
38、 sample for chemical analysis shall be takenfrom each lot. A sample of chips may be obtained bydry-milling, drilling, or crushing at least two pieces with cleandry tools without lubrication. In order to obtain oil-free chips,the parts selected for test shall have the oil extracted inaccordance with
39、Test Methods B963, if necessary.10.2 Mechanical TestsThe manufacturer and the pur-chaser shall agree upon a representative number of specimensfor mechanical tests.10.3 3 At least two samples shall be taken from each lot forconductivity measurement, if required.11. Inspection11.1 1 Inspection of the
40、material shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchaseorder or contract.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and i
41、n writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with test results, the producer or supplier maymake claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification stating samples rep-resenting each lot have been tested and inspected a
42、s indicatedin this specification and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished. Test reports may be transmitted tothe purchaser by electronic services. The content of theelectronically transmitted document shall co
43、nform to anyexisting agreement between the purchaser and the seller.14. Keywords14.1 brass; bronze; copper alloys; copper base; nickel silver;nonferrous powder metallurgy; nonferrous structural parts;powder metallurgy (PM); structural partsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSMetallographic ExaminationWhen spe
44、cified in the purchase order or contract, either orboth of the following supplementary requirements may beapplied. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon in writing between the producer or supplier andpurchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negateany requiremen
45、t of the specification itself.SinteringRequirements for uniformity and quality of sintering may beagreed upon.PorosityRequirements excluding excessively large pores may beincluded when specified and agreed upon in writing.B823 093APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. USE OF THIS SPECIFICATIONX1.1
46、PM Material Code Designation:X1.1.1 The PM material code designation, or identifyingcode for structural PM parts, defines a specific material as tochemical compositionand minimum strength, expressed in 103psi (6.895 MPa (6.895 N/mm2). For example, CZ-1000-9 is aPM copper zinc material containing nom
47、inal 90 % copper and10 % zinc. It has a minimum yield strength of 9 3 103psi(9000 psi) in the as-sintered condition.X1.1.2 The system offers a convenient means of designatingboth the chemical compositionand minimum strength value ofany standard PM material. For each standard material, thedensity is
48、given as one of the typical values and is no longer arequirement of the specification.X1.1.3 Code designations in this specification and revisionsthereof apply only to PM materials for which specificationshave been adopted. In order to avoid confusion, the PMmaterial designation coding system is int
49、ended for use onlywith such materials, and it should not be used to createnonstandard materials. The explanatory notes, property values,and other contents of this specification have no application toany other materials.X1.1.4 In the coding system, the prefix letters denote thegeneral type of material. For example, the prefix CZ representscopper (C) and zinc (Z), which is known as brass. The prefixletter codes are as follows:X1.1.4.1 C = copper (Cu),X1.1.4.2 CT = bronze (Cu-Sn),X1.1.4.3 CNZ = nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn),X1.1.4.4 CZ = brass (Cu-Zn),X1.1.4.5 N = nickel (N
