1、Designation: B823 15Standard Specification forMaterials for Copper Base Powder Metallurgy (PM)Structural Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers a variety of copper basepowder metallurgy (PM) structural materials, including thoseused in a
3、pplications where high electrical conductivity isrequired. It includes a classification system, or material desig-nation code. With the classification system, this specificationincludes chemical composition and minimum tensile yieldstrength.NOTE 1Paragraphs 6.1 and 8.1 govern material classification
4、 by thedesignation code. The classification system is explained in the Appendix.NOTE 2Materials classified as C-0000 are expected to be used inapplications where high electrical conductivity is required.1.2 With the exception of density values, for which thecubic centimetre (g/cm3) unit is the indus
5、try standard, thevalues stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as thestandard. Values in SI units result from conversion. They maybe approximate and are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB925 Practices for Production and Prepa
6、ration of PowderMetallurgy (PM) Test SpecimensB962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or SinteredPowder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using ArchimedesPrincipleB963 Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-ImpregnationEfficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of SinteredPowder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using
7、ArchimedesPrincipleE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 MPIF Standard:MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM StructuralParts33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of pow
8、der metallurgy termscan be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptiveinformation is available in the Related Materials section of Vol02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Ordering Information4.1 Materials for parts covered by this specification shall beordered by materials designation
9、 code.4.2 Orders for parts under this specification may include thefollowing information:4.2.1 Certification, if required (see Section 13),4.2.2 Dimensions (see Section 9),4.2.3 Chemical composition (see 6.1, 10.1, and Table 1),4.2.4 Test methods and mechanical properties (see 8.2 , 8.3,Table 2, Tab
10、le X1.1, and Table X1.2),4.2.5 Density (see 7.1 and Table 3),4.2.6 Porosity and oil content (see 7.3),4.2.7 Electrical properties (see 7.3 and Table X2.1), and4.2.8 Special packaging, if required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Structural parts shall be made by compacting andsintering metal powders.
11、 Parts may also be made by repressingand resintering sintered parts, if necessary, to produce finishedparts in conformance with the requirements of this specifica-tion.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements providedin Table 1.6.2 Chemical analysis shall be performe
12、d in accordancewith the methods prescribed in Vol 03.05 of the Annual Book1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee B09.05 on Structural Parts.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Pu
13、blished November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B823 09. DOI:10.1520/B0823-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
14、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd.East, Princeton, NJ 08540, http:/www.mpif.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
15、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1of ASTM Standards, or by any other approved method agreedupon between the producer and the purchaser.NOTE 3Iron contamination should be avoided. Iron in solid solutionin copper has a deleterious effect on both electrical and thermal conduc
16、-tivity. Iron not in solid solution (admixed) has a much lesser effect onconductivity. An example of the effect of iron on conductivity is shown inFig. X2.1.7. Physical Properties7.1 Density:7.1.1 High Electrical Conductivity Application: In applica-tions where high electrical conductivity is requir
17、ed, if thedensity does not vary more than 0.3 g/cm3from one section ofthe structural part to any other section, the overall density shallfall within the limits prescribed in Table 3. If the density variesmore than 0.3 g/cm3from one section of the part to another, theproducer and the purchaser shall
18、agree upon a critical sectionof the part where the stresses are highest. The density of thiscritical section, rather than the average density, shall fall withinthe limits prescribed in Table 3.7.1.2 Other Applications: The producer and the purchasermay agree upon a minimum average density for the pa
19、rt andminimum densities for specific regions of the part. Typicaldensity values may be found in Table X1.1.7.1.3 Density shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod B962.7.2 Porosity:7.2.1 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon aminimum volume oil content for parts that are to be self-l
20、ubricating. The oil content shall be determined in accordancewith Test Methods B963.7.2.2 The producer and the purchaser may agree upon afunctional test for porosity in parts that are to be self-lubricating, or for permeability where fluid flow must berestricted.7.3 Electrical Conductivity:7.3.1 The
21、 producer and the purchaser shall agree on quali-fication tests to determine the electrical conductivity. The testshall be made on sample parts or specimens compacted to agiven density using an apparatus based on the eddy-currentprinciple.7.3.1.1 Conductivity is determined with an instrument thatind
22、icates the resistance of a material to the flow of eddycurrents. Prior to making the tests, the instrument is allowed towarm up for a period of time recommended by the manufac-turer. The instrument is adjusted using three standards ofknown conductivity supplied by the manufacturer. Test speci-mens s
23、hall be at the same temperature as the referencematerials used in adjusting the instrument. Several readings atdifferent locations are taken on each test specimen to obtain anaverage value.7.3.1.2 No specimen preparation is required providing thesurface is flat in the probe area.7.3.1.3 Electrical c
24、onductivity values shall be reported inpercent IACS (International Annealed Copper Standards).NOTE 4Typical electrical conductivity values that may be expectedfrom special specimens compacted to size are given in Table X2.1.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsMaterialDesignationChemical Composition, %A,BCu
25、 Zn Pb Sn NiC-0000 99.8 min100 maxCZ-1000 88.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min91.0 Bal. . . . maxCZP-1002 88.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min91.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCZ-2000 77.0 Bal. . . . . . . . . . min80.0 Bal. . . . maxCZP-2002 77.0 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min80.0 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCZ-3000 68.5 Bal
26、. . . . . . . . . . min71.5 Bal. . . . maxCZP-3002 68.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . . . . min71.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . . . . maxCNZ-1818 62.5 Bal. . . . . . . 16.5 min65.5 Bal. . . . . . . 19.5 maxCNZP-1816 62.5 Bal. 1.0 . . . 16.5 min65.5 Bal. 2.0 . . . 19.5 maxCT-1000 87.5 . . . . . . 9.5 . . . min90.5 . . 10.5 . ma
27、xAOther elements: For the C-0000 material, the total by difference equals 0.2 %maximum; for all others, the total by difference equals 2.0% maximum; these mayinclude other minor elements added for specific purposes.BFor the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measuredvalues s
28、hall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29TABLE 2 Minimum Yield Strength for Copper Base AlloysMaterial DesignationCodeMinimum YieldStrength, 103psiAC-00005 5C-00007 7CZ-1000-
29、9 9-10 10-11 11CZP-1002-7 7CZ-2000-11 11-12 12CZP-2002-11 11-12 12CZ-3000-14 14-16 16CZP-3002-13 13-14 14CNZ-1818-17 17CNZP-1816-13 13CT-1000-13 (repressed) 13AFor the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, measuredvalues shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-
30、hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29.TABLE 3 Density Requirements for High Electrical ConductivityApplicationsMaterial Designation Code Sintered Density, g/cm3AC-00005 7.8 to 8.3C-00007 8.3 minAFor the purpose of determining
31、conformance with this specification, measuredvalues shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used inexpressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method ofPractice E29.B823 1528. Mechanical Properties8.1 The minimum guaranteed tensile yield streng
32、th, asshown in Table 2, is a numerical suffix to the materialdesignation code and is read as 103psi. The code is adoptedfrom MPIF Standard 35. All tensile yield strengths are definedas the 0.2 % offset yield strengths.8.2 The producer and purchaser shall agree upon the methodto be used to verify the
33、 minimum strength characteristics of thefinished parts. Since it is usually impossible to machine tensiletest specimens from these parts, alternative strength tests areadvisable.An example would be measuring the force needed tobreak teeth off a gear with the gear properly fixtured.8.3 The tensile yi
34、eld strength of the part may be measuredindirectly by testing flat unmachined tension test specimens asspecified in Practices B925, compacted from the same mixedpowder lot at the density of the critical region of the parts andthen processed along with the parts.8.4 Transverse rupture strength values
35、 can also be related totensile yield strengths by correlation. While many nonferrousPM materials are technically too ductile for this simple beamtest, the test values are reproducible and useful.8.5 Typical mechanical property values may be found inTable X1.1 and Table X1.2.9. Permissible Variations
36、 in Dimension9.1 Permissible variations in dimensions shall be within thelimits specified on the drawings which describe the structuralparts that accompany the order, or variations shall be within thelimits specified in the order.10. Sampling10.1 Chemical AnalysisWhen requested on the purchaseorder,
37、 at least one sample for chemical analysis shall be takenfrom each lot. A sample of chips may be obtained bydry-milling, drilling, or crushing at least two pieces with cleandry tools without lubrication. In order to obtain oil-free chips,the parts selected for test shall have the oil extracted inacc
38、ordance with Test Methods B963, if necessary.10.2 Mechanical TestsThe producer and the purchasershall agree upon a representative number of specimens formechanical tests.10.3 Conductivity TestsAt least two samples shall betaken from each lot for conductivity measurement, if required.11. Inspection11
39、.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon be-tween the producer and purchaser as part of the purchase orderor contract.12. Rejection and Rehearing12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reportedto the producer or supp
40、lier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with test results, the producer or supplier maymake claim for a rehearing.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification stating samples rep-resenting each lot have been tes
41、ted and inspected as indicatedin this specification and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished. Test reports may be transmitted tothe purchaser by electronic services. The content of theelectronically transmitte
42、d document shall conform to anyexisting agreement between the producer and purchaser.14. Keywords14.1 brass; bronze; copper alloys; copper base; nickel silver;nonferrous powder metallurgy; nonferrous structural parts;powder metallurgy (PM); structural partsSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSMetallographic Ex
43、aminationWhen specified in the purchase order or contract, either orboth of the following supplementary requirements may beapplied. Details of these supplementary requirements shall beagreed upon in writing between the producer or supplier andpurchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way neg
44、ateany requirement of the specification itself.SinteringRequirements for uniformity and quality of sintering may beagreed upon.PorosityRequirements excluding excessively large pores may beincluded when specified and agreed upon in writing.B823 153APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. USE OF THIS S
45、PECIFICATIONX1.1 PM Material Code Designation:X1.1.1 The PM material code designation, or identifyingcode for structural PM parts, defines a specific material as tochemical compositionand minimum strength, expressed in 103psi (6.895 MPa (6.895 N/mm2). For example, CZ-1000-9 isa PM copper zinc materi
46、al containing nominal 90 % copperand 10 % zinc. It has a minimum yield strength of 9 103psi(9000 psi) in the as-sintered condition.X1.1.2 The system offers a convenient means of designatingboth the chemical compositionand minimum strength value ofany standard PM material. For each standard material,
47、 thedensity is given as one of the typical values and is no longer arequirement of the specification.X1.1.3 Code designations in this specification and revisionsthereof apply only to PM materials for which specificationshave been adopted. In order to avoid confusion, the PMmaterial designation codin
48、g system is intended for use onlywith such materials, and it should not be used to createnonstandard materials. The explanatory notes, property values,and other contents of this specification have no application toany other materials.X1.1.4 In the coding system, the prefix letters denote thegeneral
49、type of material. For example, the prefix CZ representscopper (C) and zinc (Z), which is known as brass. The prefixletter codes are as follows:X1.1.4.1 C = copper (Cu),X1.1.4.2 CT = bronze (Cu-Sn),X1.1.4.3 CNZ = nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn),X1.1.4.4 CZ = brass (Cu-Zn),X1.1.4.5 N = nickel (Ni),X1.1.4.6 P = lead (Pb), andX1.1.4.7 T = tin (Sn).X1.2 Prefix and Four-Digit CodeThe four digits follow-ing the prefix letter code refer to the composition of thematerial. In nonferrous materials, the first two numbers in thefour-digit series designate the percent of the major a
