1、Designation: B 891 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium AlloyCondenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification2covers seamless and welded titaniumand titan
3、ium alloy tubing on which the external or internalsurface, or both, has been modified by a cold forming processto produce an integral enhanced surface for improved heattransfer. The tubes are used in surface condensers, evaporators,heat exchangers and similar heat transfer apparatus in unfinnedend d
4、iameters up to and including 1 in. (25.4 mm).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains to thetest method portion only: Section 9 of this specification: Thisst
5、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
6、STM Standards:3B 338 Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium andTitanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchang-ersE 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-itic Stainless Steel and Similar AlloysE 1316 Terminology for
7、Nondestructive Examinations3. Ordering Information3.1 Purchase orders for tubes described in this specificationshould include the following, to describe the tubes adequately.3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue3.1.2 Welded or Seamless3.1.3 Grade number3.1.4 Dimensions; diameter, wall thickness (
8、ave. or min.specified), length and location of unenhanced surfaces and thetotal tube length. Configuration of enhanced surfaces (fins perunit length, fin height, wall thickness under fin, etc.) shall be asagreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser. (Refer toFigs. 1 and 2)3.1.5 Quantity3.1.6
9、Packaging3.1.7 Nondestructive tests3.1.8 Mill test report3.1.9 Certification4. General Requirements4.1 Tubes described by this specification shall be furnishedwith unenhanced ends.4.2 Enhanced sections of the tube are normally supplied inthe “as-finned” condition (cold worked condition produced byth
10、e enhancing operation). The unenhanced sections of the tubeshall be in the annealed condition and shall be suitable forrolling-in operations.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The integrally enhanced (finned) tubes shall be manu-factured from seamless, welded, or welded/cold worked(WCW) plain tubes tha
11、t conform to all requirements asspecified in Specification B 338.5.2 Enhanced areas shall be produced by cold forming.6. Condition6.1 The tube after enhancing shall normally be supplied inthe “as-finned” condition. When specified by the purchaser, forcoiling or other fabricating operations, the tube
12、 may beannealed after enhancing.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Las
13、t previous edition approved in 1998 as B 891 98e1.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SB-_ in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
14、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The grade titanium or titanium alloy specified shallco
15、nform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Specifica-tion B 338.8. Tensile Requirements8.1 The tube prior to the finning operation, or unenhancedportions of the finned tube, shall conform to the graderequirements for tensile properties prescribed in SpecificationB 3389. Nondestructive Tests9.1
16、 After enhancing operations, subject each tube to anondestructive electromagnetic test, and either a pneumatic orhydrostatic test as specified in the purchase order. Tubes shallnormally be tested in the as-fabricated condition but, at theoption of the manufacturer or purchaser, may be tested in thea
17、nnealed condition.9.1.1 Eddy Current TestEddy current inspect the tube inaccordance with Practice E 426 by passing it through anencircling coil designed to test the entire cross section of thetube.9.1.1.1 The reference standard used to adjust the sensitivitysetting of the apparatus shall be sound an
18、d of the same nominalalloy, enhanced configuration, condition and nominal dimen-sions as the lot of tubes to be tested on a production basis. Drillfour holes not larger than 0.031 in. (0.787 mm) in diameterradially through the enhanced wall in each of four successiveplanes at 0, 90, 180 and 270. Use
19、 a suitable drill jig to guidethe drill, taking care to avoid distortion of the adjacent fins.Locate one hole in the weld for welded material. Spaceartificial discontinuities at least 16 in. (406 mm) apart toprovide signal resolution adequate for interpretation. Discardthe reference standard and rep
20、lace when erroneous signals areproduced from mechanical, metallurgical or other damage tothe tube.9.1.1.2 Adjust the eddy current test unit to obtain anoptimum signal-to-noise ratio with the minimum sensitivityrequired to detect all four artificial defects in the referencestandard on a repeatable ba
21、sis. Equipment adjustments andtube speed maintained during calibration shall be the same forproduction tubes.9.1.1.3 Set aside tubes showing an eddy current indicationin excess of any signal obtained from artificial defects in thereference standard and subject them to retest or rejection.9.1.1.4 Tub
22、es causing irrelevant signals because of mois-ture, debris and like effects shall be considered to conform,should they not cause output signals beyond acceptable limitswhen retested. Tubes causing irrelevant signals because ofvisible and identifiable handling marks shall be considered toconform, pro
23、vided the wall thickness in the enhanced andunenhanced areas is not less than the minimum specified.9.1.1.5 Tubes causing relevant signals because of injuriousdefects that reduce the wall thickness below the minimumspecified shall be rejected. If, after retest and examination, nosource for the rejec
24、t signal can be discerned, the tube shall berejected.9.1.2 Pneumatic TestEach tube so tested shall withstand aminimum internal air pressure of 250 psi (1.72 MPa) for aminimum of 5 s without showing evidence of leakage. The testmethod used shall permit easy detection of any leakage byplacing the tube
25、 underwater or by using the pressure differen-tial method. Any evidence of leakage shall be cause forrejection of that tube.9.1.3 Hydrostatic TestEach tube so tested shall withstand,without showing bulges, leaks or other defects, an internalhydrostatic pressure that will produce in the tube wall a s
26、tressof 50 % of the minimum specified yield strength at roomtemperature. This pressure shall be determined by the equation:P 5 SEWf/dr/22 0.4Wf! (1)where:P = minimum hydrostatic test pressure, psi (or MPa),S = one half the minimum yield strength, psi (or MPa),Wf= wall under fin thickness, in. (or mm
27、),dr= fin root diameter, in. (or mm),E = 0.85 welded tube, andE = 1.0 seamless and welded/cold worked tube.9.1.3.1 The maximum hydrostatic test pressure shall notexceed 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) for sizes 1 in. (25.4 mm) andunder. Hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained for not lessthan 5 s. When request
28、ed by the purchaser and so stated in theorder, tubes shall be tested to one and one half times thespecified working pressure, provided the fiber stress corre-sponding to those test pressures does not exceed one half theminimum specified yield strength of the material as determinedby the equation giv
29、en in 9.1.3. When one and one half times theworking pressure exceeds 2500 psi (17.2 MPa), the hydrostatictest pressure shall be a matter of agreement between themanufacturer and purchaser.10. Permissible Variations in Dimensions10.1 DiameterThe outside diameter of the unenhancedsections shall not va
30、ry by more than the amount in Table 1, asmeasured by “go” and “no go” ring gages. The diameter overthe enhanced sections shall not exceed the diameter of the plainsections involved, as determined by a “go” ring gage unlessotherwise specified. The dimensions of the ring gages shall beas described in
31、10.1.1 and 10.1.2.10.1.1 The inside diameter dimension of the “go” ring gageshall be equal to the nominal tube diameter, plus the plustolerance, plus 0.002 in (0.051 mm). The length of the “go”ring gage shall be 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum.10.1.2 The inside diameter dimension of the “no go” ringgage sha
32、ll be equal to the nominal tube diameter minus theFIG. 1 Outside Enhancement OnlyB 891 98 (2004)2minus tolerance. The length of the “no go” ring gage shall be1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum.10.2 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not vary bymore than the amount shown in Table 1. No tube at any pointshal
33、l be less than the minimum thickness specified in the plainsections or in the enhanced sections.10.3 LengthThe length of the tubes shall not be less thanthat specified when measured at a temperature of 68 F (20 C),but may exceed the specified value by the amounts given inTable 2.10.3.1 The length of
34、 the unenhanced end(s), as measuredfrom the tube end to the first tool impression, shall not be lessthan that specified, but may exceed the specified value by12 in.(12.7 mm).10.4 Squareness of CutThe angle of cut of the end of anytube may depart from square by not more than 0.016 in (0.4mm).10.5 Str
35、aightnessThe tube shall be free of bends or kinks,and the maximum uniform bow shall not exceed the valuesgiven in Table 3.11. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance11.1 Finished tubes shall be clean and free of foreignmaterial, shall have smooth ends free of burrs, and shall be freeof injurious external
36、 and internal imperfections. Minor defectsFIG. 2 Outside and Inside EnhancementTABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Outside Dimensions and WallThickness Based on Individual MeasurementsOutside Diameter, in. (mm)DiameterTolerancein. (mm)APermissibleVariationsBinWall Thickness, t, %Under 1 (25.4), excl.
37、6 0.004 (6 0.102) 6 101 (25.4) 6 0.005 (6 0.127) 6 10AThese permissible variations in outside diameter apply only to tubes as finishedat the mill before subsequent swaging, expanding, bending, polishing or otherfabricating operations.BWhen average wall tubes are ordered, tolerances are plus and minu
38、s. Whenminimum wall tubes are ordered, tolerances are all plus and shall be double thevalues shown.TABLE 2 Length TolerancesSpecified Length, ft (m) Tolerance, in (mm)Up to 24 (7.3), incl +18 (3.2)Over 24 to 34 (7.3 to 10.4), incl +14 (6.4)Over 34 to 44 (10.4 to 13.4) incl +38 (9.5)Over 44 (13.4) +1
39、2 (12.7) maxTABLE 3 Straightness TolerancesLength, ft (m) Maximum Curvature (Depth ofArc)Over 3 to 6 (0.91 to 1.83), incl18 in. (3.2 mm)Over 6 to 8 (1.83 to 2.44), incl316 in. (4.8 mm)Over 8 to 10 (2.44 to 3.05), incl14 in. (6.4 mm)Over 10 (3.05)14 in./any 10 ft (2.1 mm/m)B 891 98 (2004)3may be remo
40、ved, provided the dimensional tolerances ofSection 10 are not exceeded. A slight amount of oxidation isacceptable.12. Inspection12.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make the necessarytests to verify that the tubes furnished conform to the require-ments of the customer purchase order and to the re
41、quirementsof this specification. When specified in the order, the manu-facturer shall notify the purchaser in a timely manner so thatthe purchaser may have his inspector present to witness anypart of the tests that may be desired.12.2 Should the purchaser additionally elect to perform hisown inspect
42、ion, the manufacturer shall afford the inspector allreasonable facilities to determine that the tubes being furnishedconform to the requirements of the customer purchase orderand to the requirements of this specification.12.3 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place ofmanufacture prior t
43、o shipment, unless otherwise specified, andshall be so conducted as not to interfere with the operation ofthe facility.13. Rejection13.1 Any rejection based on tests made in accordance withthis specification, and those allowed by Specification B 338,shall be reported to the manufacturer, promptly an
44、d in writing.Disposition of rejected tubing shall be a matter of agreementbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.13.2 Material that fails in the process of installation shall beset aside and the manufacturer notified for mutual evaluation ofsuitability of the material. Disposition of such materi
45、al shall bea matter for agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.14. Mill Test Report14.1 The manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser amanufacturers test report showing a complete description ofthe material and results of required tests for both the plain andenhanced sections as defin
46、ed in 14.1.1 and 14.1.2.14.1.1 Plain TubeTest reports shall include ASTM mate-rial designation; welded or seamless; grade number; diameter;wall thickness; heat numbers. Information for each heat pro-vided shall include chemical composition; product analysiswhen specified; tensile test results; flatt
47、ening, reverse flatteningand flaring test results; ultrasonic, eddy current and eitherpneumatic or hydrostatic test results (including test pressure,psi).14.1.2 Finned TubeTest reports shall include ASTM ma-terial designation; customer name; customer purchase ordernumber; product description or part
48、 number; quantity; eddycurrent test results; and either pneumatic or hydrostatic testresults (including test pressure, psi); certificate of complianceas defined in 15.1 and results of any other checks or testingrequired by the customer purchase order.15. Certification15.1 The manufacturer shall furn
49、ish to the purchaser certi-fication that the material has been tested and inspected inaccordance with this specification and in accordance with thecustomer purchase order, as agreed, and the requirements havebeen met. Such certification may be contained as a dedicatedstatement within the mill test report provided.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 The tube shall be packaged in accordance with themanufacturers standard practice, unless otherwise agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and so statedin the purchase order.16.2 Each shipping
