1、Designation: B 918 01Standard Practice forHeat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloys1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 918; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended for use in the heat treatment ofwrought aluminum alloys for general purpose applications.1.1.1 The heat treatment of w
3、rought aluminum alloys usedin specific aerospace applications is covered in AMS 2772.21.1.2 Heat treatment of aluminum alloy castings for generalpurpose applications is covered in Practice B 917/B 917M.1.2 Times and temperatures appearing in the heat-treatmenttables are typical for various forms, si
4、zes, and manufacturingmethods and may not provide the optimum heat treatment fora specific item.1.3 Some alloys in the 6xxx series may achieve the T4temper by quenching from within the solution temperaturerange during or immediately following a hot working process,such as upon emerging from an extru
5、sion die. Such alternativesto furnace heating and immersion quenching are indicated inTable 2, by Footnote L, for heat treatment of wrought alumi-num alloys. However, this practice does not cover the require-ments for a controlled press heat treatment. (Refer to PracticeB 807 for press heat treatmen
6、t of aluminum alloys.)1.4 This practice is in inch-pound units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applic
7、a-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on thedate of material purchase, form a part of this specification tothe extent referenced herein:2.2 ASTM Standards:B 557 Test Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and CastAlumin
8、um- and Magnesium-Alloy Products3B 881 Terminology Relating to Aluminum- andMagnesium-Alloy Products3B 917/B 917M Practice for Heat Treatment of Aluminum-Alloy Castings from All Processes32.3 American National Standard:H35.1 Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Alumi-num43. Terminology3.1 Defini
9、tionsRefer to Terminology B 881 for definitionsof product terms used in this practice.3.2 Definition of Pyrometry Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control sensortemperature measurement sensor tiedto the PID (proportional, integral, and derivative) furnacecontrol for controlling heat input to th
10、e working (soaking) zoneof the furnace.3.2.2 monitoring sensora sensor which does not controlthe furnace temperature is designated as a monitoring sensor,and includes additional furnace temperature sensor(s) and loadmonitoring sensor(s).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07
11、on LightMetals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.03 onAluminum Alloy Wrought Products.Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published September 2001.2Available from SAE-AEROSPACE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,PA 15096-0001.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.
12、02.4Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.TABLE 1 Tests RequiredProductFormTensilePropertiesAHeat-Treat-InducedPorosityBPeriodicTestIntergranularCorrosionCPeriodicTestDiffusion(AlcladOnly)DPeriodicTestEutecticMeltingPeriodicTestPlate and
13、sheetXXXEXXWire, rod, bar,and profilesX X X . XForgings X X X . . . XTubing X X . . . X XRivets,fastenercomponentsX X X . XAThose specified in the applicable procurement material specification for lotrelease.BApplicable only to material solution heat-treated in air furnaces.CApplicable to the most q
14、uench-sensitive alloys-tempers in the following orderof preference: (1) 2xxx in -T3 or -T4 and (2) 7xxx in -T6 temper. No test is requiredif 2xxx-T3 or -T4 or 7xxx-T6, was not solution heat-treated during the period sincethe prior verification test.DNot applicable for thicknesses less than 0.020 in.
15、EApplicable to periodic testing of sheet product only.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 test sensortemperature measurement sensor(s) usedin furnace
16、 temperature uniformity surveys.4. Equipment4.1 Heating MediaAluminum alloys are typically heat-treated in air chamber furnaces or molten salt baths; however,lead baths, oil baths, or fluidized beds, may be used. However,the use of uncontrolled heating is not permitted. Whicheverheating means are em
17、ployed, careful evaluation is required toensure that the alloy being heat-treated responds properly toheat-treatment and is not damaged by overheating or by theheat-treatment environment.4.1.1 Air chamber furnaces may be oil- or gas-fired or maybe electrically heated. Furnace components that are sig
18、nifi-cantly hotter than the metal should be suitably shielded formetal less than 0.250 in. thick to prevent adverse radiationeffects. The atmosphere in air chamber furnaces must becontrolled to prevent potential porosity resulting from solutionheat treatment (see Note 1). The suitability of the atmo
19、spherein an air-chamber furnace can be demonstrated by testing, inaccordance with 7.4.2.1, that products processed in that furnaceare free from heat-treat induced porosity.NOTE 1Heat-treat induced porosity may lower mechanical propertiesand commonly causes blistering of the surface of the material.
20、Thecondition is most likely to occur in furnaces in which the products ofcombustion contact the work, particularly if the gases are high in watervapor or contain compounds of sulfur. In general, the high-strengthwrought alloys of the 2xxx and 7xxx series are most susceptible.Low-strength and Alclad
21、(two sides) products are practically immune tothis type of damage. Anodic films and proprietary heat-treat coatings arealso useful in protecting against porosity resulting from solution heattreatment. Surface discoloration is a normal result of solution heattreatment of aluminum alloys and should no
22、t be interpreted as evidence ofdamage from overheating or as heat-treat induced porosity (see 7.4.2.1).4.1.2 Salt baths heat the work rapidly and uniformly. Thetemperature of the bath can be closely controlled, an importantconsideration in solution heat treatment of wrought aluminumalloys. High-temp
23、erature oxidation of aluminum is not aproblem in salt baths.4.2 Furnace Temperature Uniformity and Calibration Re-quirements:4.2.1 After establishment of thermal equilibrium or a recur-rent temperature pattern, the temperature in the working(soaking) zone, for all furnace control and test sensors, s
24、hallmaintain temperature in the working (soaking) zone within thefollowing allowable ranges:4.2.1.1 50F range for furnaces used only for full annealingat 825F and higher, except 20F range if the annealingtemperature is within 15F of the middle of the solution heattreating temperature range specified
25、 in Table 2.TABLE 2 Recommended Heat Treatment for Wrought Aluminum AlloysASolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQuench Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemper2011 AlloyACold-finished wire, rod, and bar 945-995 110 max T3FT
26、4T451G320.14.T8F.Drawn tube 975 110 max T3FT4511G. . .2014 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare or Alclad 935 110 max T3FT42.320.18.T62Coiled sheet, bare or Alclad 935 110 max T4T423203201818T6T62Plate, bare or Alclad 935 110 max T451GT42320.18.T651G.Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 935 110 max T4T451HT42320or 35
27、0320or 350320or 350188188188T6T651HT62Extruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 935 110 max T4T4510HT4511HT42320or 350320or 350320or 350320or 350188188188188T6T6510HT6511HT62Drawn tube 935 110 max T4T423203201818T6T62Die forgings 935 140180 T4 340 10 T6Hand forgings and rolled rings 935 140180 T45
28、2IT43403401010T652IT62017 AlloyAB918012TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQuench Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemperCold-finished wire, rod, and bar 925950 110 max T4T451HT42.2018 AlloyADie forgings
29、940970 212 T4 340 10 T612024 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare or Alclad 920 110 max T3FT361JT42T42375375375375128916T81FT861JT62T72Coiled sheet, bare or Alclad 920 110 max T4T42.375.9.T62Plate, bare or Alclad 920 110 max T351GT361JT423753753751289T851GT861JT62Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 920 110 max T351H
30、T36JT4T42375.37537512.1216T851H.T6T62Extruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 920 110 max T3FT3510HT3511HT42375375375.121212.T81FT8510HT8511H.Drawn tube 920 110 max T3FT42.2025 AlloyADie forgings 960 140160 T4 340 10 T62117 AlloyACold-finished, wire or rod 925950 110 max T4 . . . . . . . . .2124
31、AlloyAPlate 920 110 max T351G350 12 T851G2218 AlloyADie forgings 950 212 T4 340 10 T612219 AlloyAFlat sheet, bare or Alclad 995 110 max T31FT37KT42350325375182436T81FT87KT62Plate 995 110 max T37KT351GT42350350375181836T87KT851GT62Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 995 110 max T4T351H3753751818T6T851HE
32、xtruded wire, rod, bar, profiles, and tube 995 110 max T31FT3510HT3511HT4237537537537518181836T81FT8510HT8511HT62Die forgings and rolled rings 995 110 max T4 375 26 T6Hand forgings 995 110 max T4T352I3753502618T6T852I2618 AlloyADie, hand, and rolled ring forgings 985 212 T4 390 20 T614032 AlloyDie f
33、orgings 940970 140180 T4 340 10 T66005 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L. . . T1 350 8 T56005A AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L. . . T1 350 8 T56013 AlloyAB918013TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQue
34、nch Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemperSheet, bare 1055 110 max T4 375or 34548T6Plate, bare 10201050 110 max . . . 345 816 T651GCold-finished wire, rod, and bar 1050 110 max . . .37537544T651HT8F6053 AlloyCold-finished wire and rod 970 110 max T4 355 8 T61Die forgin
35、gs 970 110 max T4 340 10 T66061 AlloyASheet, bare or Alclad 9601075M110 max T4T423203201818T6T62Plate 9601075 110 max T451GT423203201818T651GT62Tread Sheet and PlateN,O9601075 110 max T4 320 18 T6Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 9601075 110 maxPT4T3FT4T451HT42340or 320340or 320340or 320340or 320340o
36、r 320818818818818818T6T89Q,RT94ST651HT62Extruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L9601075L.110 maxPT1T4T4510HT4511HT4235035035035035088888T51T6T6510HT6511HT62Structural profiles 9601075L110 maxPT4 350 8 T6Pipe 9601075L110 maxPT4 350 8 T6Drawn tube 9601075 110 max T4T42340or 320340or 320818818T6T62
37、Die and hand forgings 9601075 110 max T4 340or 320818T6Rolled rings 9601075 110 max T4T452T35035088T6T652T6063 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, tube, and profiles . . .L970L.110 maxPT1T1T4T42400or 360400or 360360or 350360or 3501to231to236868T5T52T6T62Drawn tube 970 110 max T4T3FT3FT3FT31FT42350350350350.3508
38、888.8T6T83RT831RT832R.T62Pipe 970L110 maxPT4 360or 35068T66066 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube 9601010 110 max T4T4510HT4511HT423503503503508888T6T6510HT6511HT62Die forgings 9601010 110 max T4 350 8 T66070 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube 1015 110 max T4T423203201818T6T626101 Al
39、loyB918014TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQuench Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemperExtruded rod, bare tube, pipe andstructural profiles970L110 maxPT4T4T4T4T4390440410535430105973T6T61T63T64T65610
40、5 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L. . . T1 350 8 T56110 AlloyCold-finished wire, rod, and bar 9801050 110 max T4 380 8 T9S6151 AlloyDie forgings 950980 110 max T4 340 10 T6Rolled rings 960 110 max T4T452I3403401010T6T652I6201 AlloyWire 950 110 max T3 320 4 T81R6262 AlloyCold-finishe
41、d wire, rod, and bar 9601050 110 max T4T4T451H340340340888T6T9ST651HExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube 9601050L110 max T4T4510HT4511HT4235035035035012121212T6T6510HT6511HT62Drawn tube 9601050 110 max T4T4T42340340340888T6T9ST626351 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L.L9601010L.110 m
42、axPT1T11T4350350250or 350.35088108.8T5T51T54.T66463 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube . . .L970L.110 maxPT1T4400or 360350or 3601386T5T67001 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube 870 110 max WUW510H,UW511H,UWU25025025025024242424T6T6510HT6511HT627005 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, and profiles
43、 . . .L. . . T1 room temperature22530072 plus8 plus16T537049 AlloyExtruded rod, bar, and profiles 875 110 max W511H,UW511H,Uroom temperature250325room temperature25030048 plus24 plus12 to 1448 plus24 plus12 to 21T76511HT73511HDie and hand forgings 875 140160 WUW52I,Uroom temperature250330room temper
44、ature25033048 plus24 plus10 to 1648 plus24 plus10 to 16T73T7352I7050 AlloyB918015TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Treatment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQuench Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemperPlate 890 110 max W51G,UW51G,U25033025033
45、03 to 6 plus24 to 303 to 6 plus12 to 15T7451GT7651GCold-finished wire, rod 890 110 max WU2503554 plus8to12T7Extruded rod, bar, and profiles 890 110 max W510H,UW510H,UW510H,UW511H,UW511H,UW511H,U25035025034025031525035025034025031524 plus12 to 1524 plus8to123 to 6 plus15 to 1824 plus12 to 1524 plus8t
46、o123 to 6 plus15 to 18T73510HT74510HT76510HT73511HT74511HT76511HDie forgings 890 140160 WU2503501 to 6 plus4to12T74Hand forgings 890 140160 W52I,U2503501 to 6 plus4to8T74527075 AlloyASheet, bare or Alclad 860930V110 max WUWUWUWU250or 205315225325or 225335W250325250or 205315244 plus86 to 8 plus24 to
47、306 to 8 plus14 to 183 to 5 plus15 to 18244 plus8T6T73XT76XT62Plate, bare or Alclad 860930V,Y110 max W51G,UW51G,UW51G,UWU250or 205315225325or 225335W250325250or 205315244 plus86 to 8 plus24 to 306 to 8 plus14 to 183 to 5 plus15 to 18244 plus8T651GT7351G,XT7651G,XT62Cold-finished wire, rod, and bar 8
48、60930V,Y110 max WUWUWUW51G,UW51G,U250225350250250225350246 to 8 plus8to1024246 to 8 plus8to10T6T73XT62T651HT7351H,XExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube 860930V,Y110 max WUWU250or 210250300225350or 225335245 plus4 plus46 to 8 plus6to86 to 8 plus14 to 18T6T73XB918016TABLE 2 ContinuedSolution Heat Tre
49、atment Precipitation Heat TreatmentBProductMetal Temperature,610FC,DQuench Temperature,FETemperMetal Temperature,610FTime at Temperature,hTemperExtruded rod, bar, profiles, and tube WUWUW510H,UW510H,UW510H,UW511H,UW511H,UW511H,U250325250or 210250300250or 210250300225350or 225335W250325250or 210250300225350or 225335W2503253 to 5 plus15 to 18245 plus4 plus4245 plus4 plus46 to 8 plus6to86 to 8 plus14 to 183 to 5 plus15 to 18245 plus4 plus46 to 8 plus6to86 to 8 plus14 to 183to515 to 18T76XT62T6510HT73
