1、Designation: B 964 09Standard Test Methods forFlow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Carney Funnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of a flowrate, by use of the Carney funnel, of metal powders and powdermixtures that do no
3、t readily flow through the Hall funnel ofTest Method B 213.1.2 This is a non-destructive quantitative test performed inthe laboratory.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in parentheses are for informationonly, converted according to IEEE/ASTM Standard S
4、I 10.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referen
5、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 213 Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal PowdersB 215 Practices for Sampling Metal PowdersB 243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB 855 Test Method for Volumetric Flow Rate of MetalPowders Using Arnold Meter and Hall Funnel2.2 IEEE/ASTM Standard:SI 10 American National
6、 Standard for Use of the Interna-tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can befound in Terminology B 243.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Carney flow rate (FRC), nthe time required for ametal powder s
7、ample of specified mass to flow through theorifice in a Carney funnel according to a specified procedure.3.3 3 Additional descriptive information is available in theRelated Materials section of Vol 02.05 of the Annual Book ofASTM Standards.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 A weighed mass of metal powder
8、 is timed as it flowsthrough the orifice of a Carney funnel.5. Significance and Use5.1 The rate and uniformity of die cavity filling are relatedto flow properties, which thus influence production rates anduniformity of compacted parts.5.2 The ability of a powder to flow is a function ofinterparticle
9、 friction. As interparticle friction increases, flow isslowed. Some powders, often fine powders and lubricatedpowder mixtures, may not flow through the Hall funnel of TestMethod B 213 Nevertheless, if a larger orifice is provided,such as in the Carney funnel, a meaningful flow rate may bedetermined,
10、 providing specific information for certain applica-tions.5.3 Test Method B 213., using the Hall funnel, is thepreferred method for determining the flowability of metalpowders. The Carney funnel of these test methods should onlybe used when a powder will not flow through the Hall funnel.These test m
11、ethods may also be used for comparison of severalpowders when some flow through the Hall funnel and some donot.5.4 Humidity and moisture content influence flow rate. Wetor moist powders may not flow through either the Hall or theCarney funnel.5.5 These test methods are based on flow of a specific ma
12、ssof powder. If flow of a specific volume of powder is preferred,Test Method B 855 may be used for powders that flow readilythrough the Hall funnel.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 onMetal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility ofSubco
13、mmittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published June 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
14、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.6 These test methods may be part of the purchase agree-ment between powder suppliers and powder metallurgy (PM)part producers, or it can be an inte
15、rnal quality control test byeither the supplier or the end user.6. Apparatus6.1 Carney Powder Flowmeter Funnel3A flowmeterfunnel (Fig. 1) having an orifice of 5.08 6 0.13 mm (0.2000.005 in.) in diameter.6.2 Stand3A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powderflowmeter funnel.6.3 BaseA level, vibration-free
16、base to support the pow-der flowmeter stand.6.4 Timing DeviceA stopwatch or other suitable timingdevice capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 s.6.5 BalanceHaving a capacity of at least 250 g and asensitivity of 0.01 g.6.6 Weighing DishAn ordinary laboratory weighing dish(pan), capable of containin
17、g the full mass of tested powder, andpreferably made of metal to avoid powder sticking to the dishvia electrostatic charges.7. Sampling7.1 A test sample of powder sufficient to run the desirednumber of flow tests shall be obtained in accordance withPractices B 215.7.2 Individual test portions, each
18、of approximately therequired mass, shall be obtained from the test sample inaccordance with Practices B 215.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Clean the funnel with a clean, dry paper towel.8.2 Clean the funnel orifice with a clean dry pipe cleaner.9. Calibration of Apparatus9.1 Plans are under way for
19、developing a reference materialthat can be used to calibrate the Carney powder flowmeterfunnel, similar to the material used for calibration of the Hallpowder flowmeter funnel in Test Method B 213.9.2 In the absence of such a reference material, it isrecommended that the dimensions of the Carney pow
20、derflowmeter funnel be checked periodically, at least every sixmonths. If the dimensions are no longer within the specifiedtolerances, replace the flowmeter funnel.10. Procedure10.1 Method 1 Stationary Powder Start to Flow Measure-ment:10.1.1 Weigh the required mass of powder, as sampled, intoa clea
21、n weighing dish. Use 150.0 g of powder for ferrous andcopper-based materials, and 200.0 g for tungsten-based pow-ders. Appropriate quantities for other powders shall be deter-mined by experiment.10.1.2 Block the discharge orifice at the bottom of thefunnel with a dry or gloved finger.10.1.3 Carefull
22、y pour the test portion of powder into thecenter of the Carney funnel without any tapping, vibration ormovement of the funnel.10.1.4 Place the emptied weighing dish on the flowmeterstand directly under the funnel orifice.10.1.5 Remove your finger from the discharge orifice.10.1.6 If the powder fails
23、 to start flowing, one light tap onthe funnel rim is permitted. Further tapping of the funnel,however, or poking or stirring of the powder in the funnel witha wire or any other implement is not permitted.10.1.7 Start the timing device the instant the powder beginsto exit the orifice.3The sole source
24、 of supply of the flowmeter funnel and stand known to thecommittee at this time is ACuPowder International, LLC, 901 Lehigh Avenue,Union, NJ 07083. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consider
25、ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.FIG. 1 Carney Funnel and StandB96409210.1.8 Stop the timing device the instant the last of thepowder exits the orifice.10.1.9 Record the elapsed time to the nearest 0.1 s.10.1.10 More than one flow test may be run if desi
26、red. Usea fresh quantity of powder (test portion) for each flow test.Average the flow times.10.2 Method 2Moving Powder Start to Flow Measure-ment:10.2.1 Place an empty receptacle directly under the dis-charge orifice. 10.2.2 10.2.3 10.2.410.2.5 10.2.610.2.2 Weigh the required mass of powder, as samp
27、led, intoa clean weighing dish. Use 150.0 g of powder for ferrous andcopper-based materials, and 200.0 g for tungsten-based pow-ders. Appropriate quantities for other powders shall be deter-mined by experimentation.10.2.3 Quickly pour the test portion of powder into thecenter of the funnel and start
28、 the timing device the instant thepowder begins to exit the orifice.10.2.4 Stop the timing device the instant the last of thepowder exits the orifice.10.2.5 Record the elapsed time to the nearest 0.1 s.10.2.6 More than one flow test may be run if desired. Use afresh quantity of powder for each flow
29、test. Average the flowtimes.11. Report11.1 Report the Carney flow rate (FRC)as“FRC= t s/M g”,where t is the flow time (in seconds) and M is the mass (ingrams) of powder tested. For example, “FRC= 8.3 s/200 g”, or“FRC= 27 s/150 g”.11.1.1 Report the Carney flow rate (FRC) to the nearest 0.1second for
30、flow times less than or equal to 15 s.11.1.2 Report the Carney flow rate (FRC) to the nearest 1second for flow times greater than 15 seconds.11.2 Report the method of measurement used: Method 1(stationary start) or Method 2 (moving start).12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of Test Met
31、hods B 964 hasnot been fully determined. A Gage R Hall; flow rate; metal powder flow;powder flowASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determin
32、ation of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or wit
33、hdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that yo
34、ur comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B964093
