1、Designation: C1224 09Standard Specification forReflective Insulation for Building Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1224; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the general requirements andphysical properties of reflective insulations for use in buildingapplications. Th
3、ese insulation materials consist of one or morelow emittance surfaces, such as metallic foil or metallicdeposits, unmounted or mounted on substrates. Reflectiveinsulations derive their thermal performance from surfaceswith an emittance of 0.1 or less, facing enclosed air spaces.1.2 The values stated
4、 in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
5、It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-Sta
6、te Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC727 Practice for Inst
7、allation and Use of Reflective Insula-tion in Building ConstructionsC1258 Test Method for Elevated Temperature and Humid-ity Resistance of Vapor Retarders for InsulationC1338 Test Method for Determining Fungi Resistance ofInsulation Materials and FacingsC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of B
8、uildingMaterials and Envelope Assemblies by Means of a HotBox ApparatusC1371 Test Method for Determination of Emittance ofMaterials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emis-sometersE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmis
9、sion ofMaterials2.2 TAPPI Standard:T512 Creasing of Flexible Packaging Material Paper Speci-mens for Testing33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology C168 shall apply to the termsin this specification.4. Ordering Information4.1 Prior to purchase, for sampling and acceptance proce-dures, Practice C39
10、0 can be agreed upon between the pur-chaser and the manufacturer.4.2 Specify the required thermal resistance by the directionof the heat flow.4.3 Specify the width, depth, and total area to be insulated.4.4 Specify special markings, if required.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Reflective insulation m
11、aterials shall consist of lowemittance surface(s) with, or without, substrates and adhesivesrequired to meet the specified thermal performance and physi-cal properties.5.2 Multiple layer reflective insulations shall be designed toattain the intended separation of layers in normal application.Such mu
12、ltiple layer insulation shall form an attachment flangesuitable for stapling, or other means of attachment.5.3 DimensionsInsulation shall be furnished in dimen-sions to fit framing members, at spacings standard in theconstruction industry, or as specifically agreed upon betweenthe producer and the b
13、uyer.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 onReflective Insulation.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in
14、2003 as C122403. DOI:10.1520/C1224-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Technic
15、al Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),P.O. Box 105113,Atlanta, GA30348; 15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA30092.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Physical Properties Requirements6.1 Low emittan
16、ce materials shall have a surface with anemittance of 0.1 or less, as determined in accordance with 9.1.6.2 PermeanceIf the reflective insulation is to serve as avapor retarder, the permeance of the material shall not exceedone perm, as determined in accordance with 9.2.6.3 Surface Burning Character
17、isticsBuilding code re-quirements specify flame spread and smoke developmentvalues determined in accordance with 9.3, except as follows:(1) Maximum surface burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 50 smoke development indexfor inside plenum applications.(2) Maximum surface
18、 burning characteristics shall not ex-ceed 25 flame spread index and 450 smoke development indexin exposed building applications.6.4 Humidity ResistanceThe laminates of the reflectiveinsulation shall be tested in accordance with 9.4. Threespecimens shall be exposed. Shield the test specimens fromcon
19、densate that drips from the ceiling of the humidity chamber.6.4.1 The specimens shall be evaluated for visible corrosionand delamination. For purposes of corrosion evaluation disre-gard the outer 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) perimeter. No tested specimenshall exhibit visible crystalline deposits exceeding 2 %
20、of thetest area nor exhibit unaided delamination of layers.6.5 Adhesive Performance:6.5.1 BleedingAdhesives, when used, shall show no signof bleeding when tested in accordance with the test procedurein 9.5.1. Disregard bleeding at cut edges. Bleeding or delami-nation, covering over 2 % of the specim
21、en area, shall be causefor rejection.6.5.2 PliabilitySpecimens tested in accordance with thetest procedure in 9.5.2 shall not show cracking or delamination.6.6 Fungi ResistanceSpecimens shall not have growthgreater than comparative item when tested in accordance with9.6. Use Interpretation of Result
22、s (Paragraph 7.2) of TestMethod C1338.6.7 Thermal ResistanceDetermine the thermal resistancein accordance with procedures in 9.7. The results of theprocedures shall indicate the R-value of the product, in theassembly tested.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The insulation shall be manufactur
23、ed, packaged, andshipped in such a manner that, when received by the customer,it shall be suitable for installation in accordance with PracticeC727.8. Sampling8.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with Prac-tice C390.9. Test Methods9.1 EmittanceThe emittance of the product shall be testedin
24、accordance with Test Method C1371.9.2 PermeanceThe permeance of the product shall betested in accordance with Test Method E96/E96M, DesiccantMethod.9.3 Surface BurningSurface burning characteristics shallbe tested in accordance with Test Method E84.9.4 Humidity ResistanceThe humidity resistance of t
25、heproduct shall be tested in accordance with Test Method C1258.9.5 Adhesive Performance:9.5.1 Bleeding and Delamination:9.5.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determinationof bleeding and delamination of the reflective insulation.9.5.1.2 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsulatio
26、n not show adhesive bleeding or delamination sincethis could cause a loss of structural integrity and a change inwater permeability.9.5.1.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation, with dimensions of approximately 3 by 6in. (7.62 cm by 15.24 cm), shall be tested. The test sp
27、ecimensshall be cut from separate locations on a roll or panel of theinsulation.9.5.1.4 ProcedureSuspend the specimens vertically in anoven and heat to a temperature of 180F (65F) for at least 5h. Determine, under 53 magnification, if the adhesive has bledor exuded through the surface, or if separat
28、ion of foil fromsubstrate (delamination) has occurred.9.5.1.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either precision or bias of this test method for determin-ing Bleeding and Delamination, since the test results arenonquantitative.9.5.2 Pliability:9.5.2.1 ScopeThis test method covers th
29、e determinationof cracking or delamination of the reflective insulation due tofolding and bending. Any reflective insulation product thatdoes not require bending during installation shall be exemptfrom the requirements of this section.9.5.2.2 Significance and UseIt is necessary that reflectiveinsula
30、tion not crack or delaminate since this could cause a lossof structural integrity and change in water permeability.9.5.2.3 SamplingA minimum of three specimens of thereflective insulation shall be subjected to two tests: onespecimen shall contain a factory produced edge.9.5.2.4 ProcedureImmediately
31、prior to testing: (1) Thespecimens shall be conditioned at a temperature of 70F(62F) and a relative humidity of 50 % (65 %) for a period ofno less than 24 h for the first test. The second test shall be at32F (62F) for a period of no less than 24 h. (2) The foillaminate shall be folded in accordance
32、with TAPPI StandardT512, and the folded edge smoothed, using light fingerpressure. The finished laminate shall not crack or delaminatewhen folded to a 180 bend.9.5.2.5 Precision and BiasNo information is presentedabout either precision or bias of TAPPI Standard T512 fordetermining cracking or delami
33、nation, due to folding or bend-ing, since the test result is nonquantitative.9.6 Fungi ResistanceThe fungi resistance of the productshall be determined in accordance with Test Method C1338.9.7 Thermal PerformanceThe thermal performance ofreflective insulation shall be determined in accordance withTe
34、st Method C1363 using the following criteria:9.7.1 In order to determine the thermal performance of thereflective insulation materials used in a test panel, a uniformmethod of adjustment of the test panel results is needed.C1224 0929.7.2 The test panel shall consist of wood framing memberssheathed w
35、ith a homogenous material with a thermal resistanceof no more than R-2, such as 0.25 to 0.75 in. (6.35 mm to 19.05mm) plywood, OSB board, drywall or chipboard. The exposedsurface shall not have an emittance less than 0.8. The width anddepth of the cavities shall be representative of the installation
36、for which the insulation product is intended. The reflectiveinsulation shall be installed in the test panel according to themanufacturers installation instructions.9.7.3 The testing of the reflective insulation shall be per-formed at a cavity mean temperature of 75 6 4F (24 6 2C)with a temperature d
37、ifference across the insulated cavity of 306 2F (16.7 6 1C).9.7.3.1 To determine the cavity mean temperature andtemperature difference, sufficient temperature instrumentationshall be applied to the interior surfaces of the sheathing tomeasure the average temperature of these surfaces. Recom-mended t
38、emperature sensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64mm and 60.96 mm) on center guarded or calibrated hot boxesare shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.9.7.4 To determine the heatflow in the cavity area, the netheat flow shall be adjusted to account for the heat flow throughthe framing members. To perf
39、orm this adjustment, the thermalresistance of the framing material must be known to within610 % and the average temperature difference across theframing members shall be measured.9.7.4.1 A sufficient number of temperature sensors shall beinstalled to determine the average temperature differenceacros
40、s the framing members. Recommended framing membertemperature sensor layouts for 16 and 24 in. (40.64 mm and60.96 mm) on center guarded and calibrated hot boxes areshown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.NOTE 1When cavity depths of less than 1 in. (25 mm) are beingtested, special care must be taken to i
41、nstall the thermocouples toaccurately measure the temperature gradient across the test cavity.Significant uncertainties can be introduced if large diameter temperaturesensors (or thermocouples) are used and if the sensors are not installed tomeasure the temperature gradient accurately. Consult Tempe
42、rature Mea-surement in Test Method C1363.9.7.5 The steady-state heat flow through the reflectiveinsulation in the cavity shall be determined from (Eq 1).QINS5 QTOTAL2AFRAMEDTFRAME/RFRAME! (1)where:QTOTAL= the total heat flow rate across the test panel(BTU/h),AFRAME= the cross-sectional area of the f
43、raming (ft2),DTFRAME= the average temperature difference across theframing (F),RFRAME= the thermal resistance of the framing(ft2hF/BTU), andQINS= the total heat flow rate across the insulatedcavity (BTU/h).9.7.6 The thermal resistance of the reflective insulation,RINS, shall be determined from (Eq 2
44、).RINS5 AINSDTINS/QINS(2)where:AINS= the total cross-sectional area of the insulatedcavity (ft2), andDTINS= the average DT across the insulated cavity mea-sured from the inside surface of the warm-sidesheathing to the inside surface of the cool-sidesheathing.9.7.7 The heat flow correction due to the
45、 presence of theframing members resulting from Eq 1 shall be verified byrepeating the hot box measurement with a mass insulationmaterial with thermal resistance measured in accordance withtest methods C177 or C518.9.7.8 The thermal resistance of the framing, RFRAMEin Eq1, shall be determined from ho
46、t box data obtained with thespecific framing being used and mass insulation of knownthermal resistance using Eq 3.NOTEThe diagram shows a total of 30 thermocouples. Eighteen of the thermocouples provide panel surface temperatures, twelve or more of thethermocouples provide stud surface temperatures.
47、 Use at least three thermocouples per side to measure stud surface temperature.FIG. 1 Recommended Guarded Hot Box R-Value Test Panel Inside Surface and Stud Thermocouple Layout for 16 in. (406 mm) OC StudSpacingC1224 093RFRAME5AFRAME DTFRAMEQTOTAL2AINSDTINSRINS(3)9.7.9 Reporting RequirementsThe repo
48、rt shall include allthe requirements of Test Methods C177, C518 or C1363 as perthe parameters listed in Eq 1 and 2 of Section 9. The date of thelast frame verification shall also be reported along with anyspecific test results affecting the present experiment.10. Inspection10.1 Inspection of the mat
49、erial shall be agreed upon be-tween the purchaser and supplier as part of the purchasecontract as specified in Practice C390.11. Visual Inspection11.1 Requirements Determined by Visual Inspection:Samples shall be inspected visually for mechanical damage asfollows:11.1.1 Surface PuncturesShall not exceed one non-repairable puncture per 500 ft2.11.1.2 Damage (bleeding adhesive, corrosion) to reflectiveproperties of surface coatingsShall not exceed 2 % of theinsulated area.11.1.3 Crinkling (as evidenced by numerous creases andbends res
