1、Designation: C 135 96 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Test Method forTrue Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by WaterImmersion1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 135; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEParagraph 1.2 was updated an
3、d 1.2.1 added in April 2009.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of truespecific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed con-ditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values give
4、n in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe equipment used in this standard forweights and volumes is only available in SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concer
5、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 604 Test Method for True Specific Gravi
6、ty of RefractoryMaterials by Gas-Comparison PycnometerD 153 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of PigmentsE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Significance and Use3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of itstrue density, determined at a specific tempera
7、ture, to the truedensity of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,the true specific gravity of a material is a primary propertywhich is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the truespecific gravity is a useful value for: classifi
8、cation, detectingdifferences in chemical composition between supposedly likesamples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, andfor any other test method which requires this value for thecalculation of results.3.3 This test method i
9、s a primary standard method which issuitable for use in specifications, quality control, and researchand development. It can also serve as a referee test method inpurchasing contracts or agreements.3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test methodare the following:3.4.1 The sample is represen
10、tative of the material in general,3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle sizespecified,3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing ofthe sample,3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magneticmaterial introduced during processing of the sample has beenremoved,3.4
11、.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water,and3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulousmanner.3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates theusefulness of the results.3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must berecognized that the specified sa
12、mple particle size does notguarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. Theamount of residual closed pores may vary between materials oreven between samples of the same or like materials, and thespecified sample particle size is not the same as that specifiedfor Test Method C 604. The value
13、s generated by this testmethod may, therefore, be close approximations rather than1This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalTests and Properties.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Publi
14、shed April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 135 96 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, com-parisons of results should only be judiciously made betweenlike materials tested
16、 by this test method or with full recognitionof potentially inherent differences between the materials beingcompared or the test method used.4. Apparatus4.1 Analytical Balance, accurate to 0.1 mg.4.2 Pycnometer Bottle, 50-mL, with ground-joint fittedthermometer and capillary side tube with cap.4.3 V
17、acuum Source, capable of 0.5 to 1.0 in. (13 to 25 mm)Hg, for use with alternative method (Note 1).NOTE 1A suitable alternative evacuation method is described in TestMethods D 153.5. Preparation of Sample5.1 Extract two walnut-sized pieces from different positionsin a solid specimen in such a way as
18、to exclude any part of theoriginal exterior surface (skin surface). When an average valueof specific gravity is desired, prepare a composite sample bytaking pieces in this manner from at least five differentspecimens.5.2 Crush the pieces between hardened steel surfaces to amaximum size of18 in. (3 m
19、m). Thoroughly mix the crushedmaterial and reduce by quartering or riffling to a test sample of50 g.5.3 If the material submitted for test is already crushed orground, a representative portion of at least 500 g shall bethoroughly mixed and reduced by quartering or riffling.5.4 Grind the entire 50-g
20、sample to pass an ASTM No. 100(150-m) sieve (equivalent to a 100-mesh Tyler StandardSeries) (Note 2). The grinding may be done by hand or by amechanical sample grinder of such material and construction asto prevent the introduction of any impurity. Remove anymagnetic material introduced during crush
21、ing or grinding by amagnet. Special care should be taken in all stages of prepara-tion of the test sample not to exclude any portions that aredifficult to crush or grind.NOTE 2Detailed requirements for this sieve are given in SpecificationE11.5.5 Transfer the 50-g sample to a glass-stoppered weighin
22、gbottle and dry to constant weight at 105 to 110C (220 to230F).6. Procedure6.1 Make duplicate tests on material from the 50-g sample.Make all weighings to the nearest 0.1 mg.6.2 Dry the pycnometer at 105 to 110C (220 to 230F),cool in a desiccator, and weigh on an analytical balance.Record the weight
23、 as p. Fill the pycnometer with distilled waterat room temperature, t, which should be between 60 and 75F(16 and 24C) and should not vary more than 0.5F (0.3C)during the test, and again weigh, recording the weight as W1.Infilling the pycnometer, there should be an overflow of waterthrough the capill
24、ary when the thermometer (stopper) isinserted. Wipe the excess water from the tip in such a manneras not to withdraw any water from the capillary. Place the capon the capillary tube, thoroughly dry any water adhering to theoutside of the pycnometer, and weigh as directed above.6.3 Empty the pycnomet
25、er and again dry it at 105 to 110C(220 to 230F). Place approximately 1.5 mL of the sample inthe dry pycnometer, weigh, and record the weight as W. Fill thepycnometer to one fourth to one half of its capacity withdistilled water, and boil the water either under reduced pressure(Note 2) or at atmosphe
26、ric pressure for 10 to 15 min. Boilingshould not be so vigorous as to cause loss of sample due topopping. Where boiling is done at atmospheric pressure, it isadvisable to insert a thin strip of paper with the stopper beforethe boiling operation. After boiling, fill the pycnometer withdistilled water
27、, cool to room temperature, t, in a water bath,insert the thermometer stopper, wipe off excess water from thetip of the capillary tube, replace the cap, and thoroughly dry thepycnometer with a lintless towel. Weigh the pycnometer andcontents and report the weight as W2.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate th
28、e true specific gravity as follows:Sp gr, t/t 5 W 2 p!/W12 p! 2 W22 W!# (1)where:t = material and water temperature, Cp = weight of the stoppered pycnometer, g,W = weight of the stoppered pycnometer and sample, g,W1= weight of the stoppered pycnometer filled with water,g, andW2= weight of the stoppe
29、red pycnometer, sample, andwater, g.8. Report8.1 Both determinations shall be reported to the nearest0.01. The results shall check to within 0.03, or additionaldeterminations shall be made in duplicate.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The precision and bias of this test method for measuringthe true specific
30、 gravity of refractory materials by waterimmersion is being determined. It is not feasible to specify theprecision and bias of this test method at this time because theruggedness and round-robin testing is incomplete.10. Keywords10.1 nonhydratable; pycnometer; refractory material; truespecific gravi
31、ty; water immersionC 135 96 (2009)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ris
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34、your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 135 96 (2009)13
