1、Designation: C 1352/C 1352M 09Standard Test Method forFlexural Modulus of Elasticity of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1352/C 1352M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe flexural modulus of elasticity of stone by using a simplebea
3、m with quarter-point loading.1.2 Stone tests may be made with load applied perpendicu-lar to the bedding plane or rift and with load applied parallel tothe bedding plane or rift.1.3 Stone tests may be made for wet and dry specimenconditions.1.4 The specifier of the test shall determine which condi-t
4、ions shall be used.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may resul
5、t in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory l
6、imitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC 880 Test Method for Flexural Strength of DimensionStoneE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod
7、, refer to Terminology C119.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 modulus of elasticity, nstress per unit strain, alsoknown as Youngs Modulus.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful for providing engineeringvalues for stress and deflection analysis of stone panels. I
8、t isalso useful in indicating the differences in flexural modulus ofelasticity between various dimension stones and stones of thesame type in different loading directions (parallel and perpen-dicular to rift or bedding planes).5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine (see Fig. 1), conforming to the require-m
9、ents of the applicable sections of Practices E4. The quarter-point loading method shall be used in making flexure tests ofstone employing bearing blocks that will ensure that forcesapplied to the beam will be vertical only and applied withouteccentricity. The apparatus should be capable of maintaini
10、ngthe span length and distances between load-applying blocksand support blocks constant within 60.05 in. 61 mm. Theload should be capable of being applied at a uniform rate andin such a manner as to avoid shock.5.2 Deflection Gages, capable of reading to 0.0001 in.0.002 mm shall be used to measure m
11、id-span deflections atthe two free edges and support deflections at each end.6. Test Specimens6.1 The test specimens shall measure 4 in. 100 mm wideby 1.25 in. 30 mm thick by 15 in. 350 mm long with a spanas tested of 12.5 in. 300 mm. The sides of the specimens shallbe at right angles with the top a
12、nd bottom. The specimens shallhave a fine abrasive finish on the planes perpendicular to theload and a fine saw finish on the other four planes. Thedimensions of the specimen shall be measured and recorded tothe nearest 0.01 in. 0.1 mm. A minimum of five specimensshall be tested for each condition o
13、f test. The average valuecalculated from plots of the test results is reported as theflexural modulus of elasticity for that condition.6.2 Where the job thickness has been set (the thickness ofthe stone panels for the project has been established), it is oftenrequested to perform flexural modulus of
14、 elasticity tests at thejob thickness. The following shall govern the specimen sizewhere it is requested to test at the job thickness, and the jobthickness is other than 1.25 in. 30 mm. The span as tested1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the d
15、irect responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 135296(2008).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.shall be ten times the thickness. The sp
17、ecimen lengths shall benot less than 2 in. 50 mm and not more than 4 in. 100 mmgreater than the span as tested. Where the thickness is less than2.67 in. 70 mm, the width of the specimen shall be 4 in. 100mm. Where the thickness is greater than 2.67 in. 70 mm thewidth shall be 1.5 times the thickness
18、. Where the thickness isother than 1.25 in. 30 mm and the specimen size is inaccordance with the job thickness criteria noted in the forego-ing, the average value of the test results for each condition shallbe reported as the flexural modulus of elasticity of the stone atthe job thickness for that c
19、ondition. All other requirementsshall be in accordance with 6.1.6.3 Where the job surface finish has been set (the architec-tural finish on the panels for the project has been established),it is often requested to perform flexural modulus of elasticitytests on specimens with the finish the same as o
20、n the job. Thefollowing shall govern when it is requested to test at the jobsurface finish. The specimens shall have a finish on one planeperpendicular to the load in accordance with the finish speci-fied for the job. Unless there are data to the contrary, thepositioning of the specimen shall be wit
21、h the finished face inflexural tension. The average value of the test results for eachcondition shall be reported as the flexural modulus of elasticityof the stone at the job surface finish for that condition.All otherrequirements shall be in accordance with 6.1 and 6.2.6.4 Where the specimens confo
22、rm to the requirements of 6.2and 6.3, the average value calculated from plots of the testresults for each condition shall be reported as the flexuralmodulus of elasticity of the stone at the job thickness andsurface finish for that condition.7. Conditioning7.1 For specimens with uneven surfaces, pre
23、pare flat bear-ing areas for the span supports and quarter point loading blocksby applying a water resistant capping compound12 in. 15 mmwide centered on these areas. Allow the capping compound todry or cure per the manufacturers recommendations beforecontinuing conditioning the specimens in accorda
24、nce with 7.2or 7.3.7.2 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, drythem for 48 h at 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and48th h, weigh the specimens to ensure the weight is the same.If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimensuntil there are three successive hourly readi
25、ngs with the sameweight. After removing the specimens from the oven, coolthem to room temperature in a desiccator before testing.7.3 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, im-merse them in water for 48 h at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C. Testthem immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping thespecime
26、ns free of surface water.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the apparatus, place the specimen on the spansupports, and adjust the quarter-point loading blocks intocontact with the specimens.8.2 Preload the specimen twice to a maximum load corre-sponding to 50 % of the anticipated ultimate strength and thenbac
27、k to zero (Note 1). Increase the load at a rate thatcorresponds to a change in flexural stress no greater than 600psi 4.14 MPa per min.NOTE 1Ultimate flexural strength values are best determined by TestMethod C 880.8.3 Apply a preload of 10 lbf 50 N, zero the deflectiongages, and load reading appara
28、tus (see Note 2).8.4 Increase the load in increments of approximately 10 %of the anticipated failure load. Stop the loading at eachincrement and record both of the two sample midspan edgedeflections. Continue load increments and deflection readingsuntil failure of the specimen occurs.NOTE 2It is fre
29、quently difficult to set the deflection gages to read zerowhen there is no load on the specimen. A common practice is to apply asmall initial load to the specimen such as 10 lbf 50 N and set thedeflection gages to read zero for this load. Since it is only the slope of thestress-strain curve that is
30、desired, this initial load does not affect the finalresult.9. Calculation9.1 Plot the load-deflection readings to a convenient scaleusing the average net midspan deflection and draw a straightline to represent, as nearly as possible, the average of theplotted points for the linear portion of the cur
31、ve. (See Fig. 2.)If the line does not pass through the zero point, draw acorrected line through this point and parallel to the stress-strainFIG. 1 Diagrammatic View of a Suitable Apparatus for Flexural Modulus of Elasticity of Stone TestC 1352/C 1352M 092line. Calculate the flexural modulus of elast
32、icity, E, from thecoordinates of a convenient Point A on the corrected line asfollows:E 511WL364Dbd3(1)D5SDc11Dc22D2SDs11Ds22Dwhere:E = flexural modulus of elasticity, psi MPa,W = total load applied to specimen, lbf N,W8 = load coordinate of the point, lbf N,D = average net midspan deflection, in. m
33、m,Dc1= midspan deflection 1, in. mm,Dc2= midspan deflection 2, in. mm,Ds1= support deflection 1, in. mm,Ds2= support deflection 2, in. mm,D8 = deflection coordinate of the point, in. mm,L = span, in. mm,b = width of specimen, in. mm, andd = depth of specimen, in. mm.10. Report10.1 The report shall i
34、nclude the following:10.1.1 Stone type and finish,10.1.2 Sizes of the specimens used,10.1.3 Direction of bedding plane or rift,10.1.4 Preconditioning procedure used,10.1.5 Individual test results for each specimen, includingloads, deflections, and plots,10.1.6 Average value of the calculated test re
35、sults for eachcondition of test using the following relation,E5sum of observed valuesnumber of tests(2)10.1.7 Standard deviation, s, of the test results for eachcondition of test using the following relation, ands 5=sum of value 2 E!2number of tests 2 1(3)10.1.8 Any variations from the above procedu
36、ral tech-niques.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 dimension ston
37、e; flexure; modulus of elasticity; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
38、 riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of
39、 this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldm
40、ake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Typical LoadDeflection PlotC 1352/C 1352M 093
